Experiments have been performed by LLL which indicate a definite density profile steepening. One possible mechanism for this effect is the ponderomotive force. LASNEX has been modified to include the light momentum deposition in the form rho dv/dt = -nabla P - nabla(radical epsilon + radical 1/epsilon) I/2c. Results will be presented from numerical simulations on spherical glass targets at laser intensities from 10/sup 14/ to 10/sup 16/ watts/cm/sup 2/. Emphasis is placed on the nature of the density profile near the critical region as a function of laser intensity and plasma conditions. The existence of this sharp step, whose scale length is of the order of a micrometer may imply a local reduction in the thermal conductivity.

The first targets for the 20 TW SHIVA laser system were designed. They are simple glass micro-balloons, approximately 300 ..mu..m in diameter and 2 ..mu..m thick, filled with D-T gas. Using LASNEX, whose model physics was utilized successfully for ARGUS targets, we optimize for both gain and yield. The target behaves as an exploding pusher. Different simple analytic models for the physics of this mode are presented, and are tested by comparing their scaling predictions, at constant absorbed power, with those demonstrated by LASNEX. Emphasis is placed on successful prediction of the basic quantities of peak ion temperature and compression, rather than neutron yield or n tau.

The velocity of water jet flow can be increased when the jet impacts a target material or another water jet. A theory describing such augmentation in terms of velocity, mass, and energy change is considered. The phenomena is sensitive to jet structure and the jet velocity profile. Jet velocity profiles do not remain constant over great distances from the nozzle, and ultimately disrupt into droplets. Within the droplet the profile is more regular and the velocity constant. The theory is extended to cover this case and experimental evidence of jet augmentation and its effects is presented.

This experimental program generated data to improve computer-code modeling of impact phenomena. The improved computation technique will be used to design a fissile-material container able to withstand a 335 m/s impact. The program involved flyer-plate-impact tests using thin shells of annealed 304 stainless steel and annealed tantalum at impact velocities of 28 to 180 m/s. No active instrumentation was used in this study; instead, all data were derived from measurements of test specimens. Pre- and post-test measurement of interior and exterior dot patterns etched on the shells provided surface-strain information. Radiographs of the deformed shells provided shell-contour data that we plotted vs impact velocity. Curves were fit to these data. We found that normalized crush height varies almost linearly with impact velocity for both materials, that normalized radius of contact varies directly with impact velocity for both materials but appears independent of shell thickness for tantalum, and that normalized interior-fold radius varies inversely with impact velocity and directly with shell thickness for stainless steel, but no clear relationship appears for tantalum.

This report is a preliminary analysis of the expansion potential of the existing nuclear power sites, in particular their potential for development into nuclear energy centers (NECs) of 10 (GW(e) or greater. The analysis is based primarily on matching the most important physical characteristics of a site against the dominating site criteria. Sites reviewed consist mainly of those in the 1974 through 1976 ERDA Nuclear Power Stations listings without regard to the present status of reactor construction plans. Also a small number of potential NEC sites that are not associated with existing power stations were reviewed. Each site was categorized in terms of its potential as: a dispersed site of 5 GW(e) or less; a mini-NEC of 5 to 10 GW(e); NECs of 10 to 20 GW(e); and large NECs of more than 20 GW(e). The sites were categorized on their ultimate potential without regard to political considerations that might restrain their development. The analysis indicates that nearly 40 percent of existing sites have potential for expansion to nuclear energy centers.

A method of matching the beam from the 200 MeV linac to the AGS without the necessity of making emittance measurements is presented. An on-line computer program written on the PDP10 computer performs the matching by modifying independently the horizontal and vertical emittance. Experimental results show success with this method, which can be applied to any matching section.

A schematic of a neutral beam injector is shown. Neutral gas is injected into the ion source, where a discharge ionizes the gas. The ions are drawn from the source by an extractor grid and then accelerated to full energy by the accel grids. After acceleration the ions pass through the neutralizer cell. Once through the neutralizer cell, the beam consists of neutrals and ions. The ions traveling with the beam are space charge neutralized by background electrons. The grid which precedes the direct converter is negatively charged and acts to separate the electrons from the rest of the beam. As a result of the beam's uncompensated space charge the remaining ions spread out from the beam to be collected at the direct converter. This paper presents a generalized analysis which will be useful in determining effects of energy and particle fluxes on the long-term performance of the grids. (MOW)

This edition dated August 26, 1977, is Revision C of the Integrated Test Vehicle, Program Plan, Phase II - Deliverable Item 2-7-1. The original edition was issued on May 27, 1977. Corrections were made and issued as Proposed Modifications for Integrated Test Vehicle, Program Plan, dated July 8, 1977. For the purpose of documenting changes, the July 8, 1977, version is caled Revision A. The edition dated August 5, 1977, is called Revision B. Each paragraph in this edition is marked to indicate technical changes from previous editions.

The simultaneous measurement of mass flow rate and quality of low-quality steam-water flows is of primary interest in evaluating and monitoring the flow from geothermal resources. The experience acquired at LLL in attempting to perform such measurements with a double flash (meter-valve-meter) arrangement using orifices and venturis is related. The mass flow correlations proposed in the literature are reviewed and a new correlation based on the energy equation is introduced. The data are presented and evaluated in light of these correlations. Directions for future research in this area are suggested.

This material was generated as part of a seismic case review of the NFS Reprocessing Plant. This study is documented in UCRL-52266. The material is divided into two parts: mathematical model information, and ultimate load calculations and comparisons. (DLC)

Addition of minute amounts of oxygen to a thermionic energy converter results in a significant performance improvement. The presence of oxygen reduces the collector work function and decreases the cesium pressure required to obtain a given current density from the emitter. In addition, oxygen additive diodes have the practical benefits of increased interelectrode spacing and improving converter power density and efficiency with polycrystalline electrodes. The motivation for the studies described was to provide insight into the activation processes by characterizing the chemical and physical structures of the tungsten oxide collector surfaces from four thermionic diodes in different states of activation: initial, preactivated, activated, and post-activated. The primary tool for these investigations was Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) with sputtering capability, which provided chemical composition information as a function of distance through each of the tungsten oxide layers. This study has resulted in several important insights into the activation mechanisms. First, converter performance is correlated with layer thickness and with the oxygen concentration. Second, deconvolution of the ESCA spectra shows that four oxidation states of tungsten (0, +2, +4 and +6) are present at all stages of activation. Third, the cesium distributions indicate that this element is present throughout the …

Present lower limits on the mass of a neutral fermion N coupled with full strength to an electron via the right-handed weak current are set only by the absence of the decay K/sup +/ ..-->.. Ne/sup +/: m(N) approximately greater than 0.5 GeV/c/sup 2/. It is shown that searches for the decays tau ..-->.. ..nu../sub tau/Ne or F ..-->.. Ne, followed by N ..-->.. e..pi.., can raise the lower bound on m(N) to well over 1 GeV/c/sup 2/ if no signal is seen in present or soon-to-be-acquired data. Estimates for the branching ratios for these processes are given. If N couples to e cos phi + ..mu.. sin phi with full strength, reference to phi may be eliminated by summing over e and ..mu.. in all final states.

A conceptual design report is given for 400 x 400 GeV proton-proton storage rings. A facility is described with twice the energy capability of the recently proposed ISABELLE. The basic accelerator lattice was modified so that the circumference of the magnet rings can be increased substantially without an increase in the transition energy. Each 400 GeV ring uses superconducting magnets of the type described in the ISABELLE Proposal, but energized to 50 kG. Other technical features are not significantly different from the 200 GeV design, and are described. The beams will collide in six interaction regions where up to 60 m of space is available for the installation of experimental equipment. The research possibilities that are provided by the increased center-of-mass energy are briefly described. Finally, a cost estimate of 238 million dollars for the research facility is outlined. This is nearly 40% more than the cost of the 200 GeV ISABELLE, but this facility would provide twice the energy available for exploring new regions of high energy physics.

A special vacuum version of an adiabatic surface thermometer for automatically controlling a critical temperature-time cycle of a production vacuum-brazing process is described. This thermometer touches the surface and uses a differential thermocouple and heater to measure surface temperature without heat flow, thereby minimizing large errors caused by conduction losses common to conventional spring-loaded thermocouples. Some important advantages of our design for vacuum chamber use are: continuous operation at 850/sup 0/C, intermittent operation to 1300/sup 0/C, no outgassing or plating-off at high temperature in a vacuum system, and an integral connector that permits easy replacement of broken probes.

Multi-group averaged reaction rates and transfer matrices were calculated for charged particle induced elastic nuclear (plus interference) scattering. Results are presented using a ten group structure for all twenty-five permutations of projectile and target for the following charged particles: p, d, t, /sup 3/He and alpha. Transfer matrices are presented in a simplified form for both incident projectile and the knock-ons; these matrices explicitly conserve energy.

Dynamic tests and modeling studies were made on the chemical-energy-storage portion of an electrical energy conversion and storage system proposed for leveling the load of an electric utility company. The concept utilizes off-peak power to produce hydrogen by electrolyzing water, storing the hydrogen as iron-titanium hydride, FeTiH/sub x/, and subsequently releasing the hydrogen to a fuel cell where the reaction with air generates electrical power. The hydrogen storage portion of the system was tested on a small scale using a 6-in.-diam by 30-in.-long test bed containing 84 lb of FeTi alloy. Hydrogen reacts with this alloy at ordinary temperatures, with the release of heat, producing the hydride FeTiH/sub x/; and hydrogen is released by heating the hydride to decompose it. In the six hydriding-dehydriding cycles that were studied, the times that hydrogen flow rates of 40 to 10 standard liters per minute (SLPM) could be sustained were determined. Water temperatures of 30/sup 0/C and 50/sup 0/C were used; and the terminal hydrogen pressures used were 500 psia during hydriding and about 16 psia during dehydriding. Under these conditions the dynamic working capacity of the test bed was 1 lb of hydrogen as the composition varied between FeTiH/sub 0.175/ and FeTiH/sub …

This is a report of the sixth quarter's work on the web-dendritic ribbon growth process at the University of South Carolina. The goal of the program is to develop a multivariate semi-empirical computer model for use in understanding the web-dendritic process and defining the basic limitations of the process with particular regard to the growth rate and width. A brief description of the work carried-out and the results achieved during the past quarter are given.

The manual provides guidelines for assuring safe and reliable siting, design, procurement and construction, operation, and decommissioning of a radioactive waste repository. The organization of the program is given and the program itself is defined. The program includes the site evaluation, site selection, design, procurement, fabrication, installation, and testing of any system or component that is safety related. It also included all necessary documentation and auditing. (JSR)

None

Hazards analysis indicates that intact microballoons filled with D--T present only a negligible hazard. The ingestion of the microballoon is considered. The hazard associated with broken glass microballoons appears to be greater from the glass standpoint than from the tritium hazard. (MOW)

A brief review is given of the quantum statistical theory of strongly coupled many component reacting plasmas. It is shown that three distinct renormalizations of the many component activity series are required to obtain an expansion, which can properly handle strongly coupled reacting plasmas, for all states of ionization when Z > 1. Compensation between bound and scattering state contributions to the partition function is shown to be an important consideration and leads automatically to a convergent internal partition function.