The objectives of the program were to develop chemical processes utilizing a combination of certain fluorochemicals and tribulyltin based toxicants for treating the surfaces of metals which may be used to fabricate OTEC heat exchangers, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of these surface treatments as antibiofoulants. Aluminium alloy No. 3003-H14 and titanium were testd, neither of which proved satisfactory. (WDM)

Acoustic emission was monitored during plastic deformation under dead-weight tensile loading of polycrystalline aluminum, brass, copper, and steel. The acoustic emission data, both threshold-type and frequency-analysis type, were correlated with yield strength, stored elastic energy, strain hardening parameters, loading histories, diffusion processes, slip band motion and mosaic cell size. Major results are presented under the headings discontinuous yielding (Portevin--Le Chatelier Effect), parabolic strain hardening, and frequency analysis. The principal experimental techniques are also summarized. (auth)

A large amount of geological and geophysical data, including thermal, geochemical, geodetic, magnetic, and seismic measurements and a shallow drill hole, was acquired during the 1975 field season. Data reduction and analysis are in progress.

Study 1 of this contract is entitled ''Evaluation of World Experience and Properties of Materials for Encapsulation of Terrestrial Solar-Cell Arrays.'' The approach of this study is to review and analyze world experience and to compile data on properties of encapsulants for photovoltaic cells and for related applications. The objective of the effort is to recommend candidate materials and processes for encapsulating terrestrial photovoltaic arrays at low cost for a service life greater than 20 years. The objectives of Study 2, ''Definition of Encapsulant Service Environments and Test Conditions,'' are to develop the climatic/environmental data required to define the frequency and duration of detrimental environmental conditions in a 20-year array lifetime and to develop a corresponding test schedule for encapsulant systems. (WDM)

In order to document the key thermophysical property data used in the conceptual design of Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) systems and components, a series of data packages has been prepared. It is expected that data for additional materials will be added and the information already provided will be updated to provide a project-wide data base.

A conceptual sequence of operations necessary to complete initial assembly of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) are described along with subsequent disassembly operations and special techniques planned for use during radioactive disassembly. Special attention is given in this report to techniques, personnel exposure, and equipment needed to effect the opening and closing of a vacuum vessel port and the installation of the vacuum vessel seal weld cutting machine under radioactive conditions.

None

Getters of the type to be utilized as tritium pumps in the foreline of the TFTR torus vacuum system, and presumably in those of the neutral beam injector arms, were evaluated using hydrogen and deuterium. The capacity and speed as rated by the manufacturer (SAES) are found to be conservative. In addition, the getters are shown to continue to pump hydrogen even in the presence of chemically active, impurity gases, provided the getter temperature is maintained at >300/sup 0/C. Since hydrogen pumping is reversible, the getters can be used over and over again after reactivation to release the previously pumped hydrogen. By operating a tungsten filament to crack methane, and using the getter to pump the hydrogen produced, relatively high speed and capacity for methane is demonstrated.

A multidisciplinary study team developed a comprehensive research program. Five- and ten-year program plans emphasize critical five-year milestones. Recommended plans are presented here under constraint of three different five-year budgets: $100, $300 and $500 million, respectively. Plans are detailed in six resource subprograms: high temperature water, moderate temperature water, hot dry rock, brine, geopressured, and dry steam. Also presented are plans for five subprograms common to all geothermal resources: exploration, assessment, drilling technology, environmental-social, and institutional. (MHR)

The goal of the GTF (Geothermal Test Facility) Test Program is to evaluate the geothermal resources in the Niland area and determine if they can be effectively converted into electric power. This program will examine the four critical areas of geothermal power development: (I) reservoir analysis, (II) energy extraction and conversion, (III) environmental effects, and (IV) operation and maintenance. These areas are discussed and a detailed test program is presented.

Helium containing some tritium is shipped at low pressure in banks of cylinders mounted on a truck trailer in compliance with 49 CFR 178.350, Specification 7A. The shipping package is not a radiological hazard under normal or accident conditions.

This paper presents plans, engineering parameters, and some test results for several FFTF core and primary sodium circuit instrument systems. Systems to be discussed include temperature, flow, pressure, leak detectors, level sensors, fuel failure monitoring, sodium impurity analysis and cover gas monitors. Results of recent demonstration tests of the FFTF Under-Sodium Viewing and Ranging system are also presented.

The availability of durable and economic materials of construction for handling hot brine and steam is a serious problem in the development of geothermal energy. The standard grouting materials used to cement well casings into the ground are severely attacked by brine and steam at temperatures >200/sup 0/C. Progress in the research program to determine if concrete--polymer composite materials can be utilized in geothermal power systems, initiated in April 1974, is reported. (WHK)

A T/sup -1/2/ variation of resistivity with temperature near T = 0 is found in rapidly quenched amorphous Ni--Pd--P alloys containing up to at.percent Mn, providing further evidence for the existence of this new singularity. It is argued that the new resistivity term arises from interference between multiple scattering of conduction electrons by atoms in magnetic and nonmagnetic states and is observed as a consequence of a short electron mean free path and breakdown of conservation of electron momenta in amorphous alloys. (auth)

The conductivities on a number of dry rocks have been measured in an air environment. These experimental values are probably about 10 percent lower than the in situ values. Initial attempts to prepare ''wet'' rock samples (rocks saturated with water) have so far resulted in only ''damp'' rocks. Considerable effort will be required to characterize the crack system in ''solid'' rocks and to predict the probable conductivity values for in situ conditions.

A search for innovative synthetic routes to new metal-metal bonded metal-halide clusters resulted in isolation of two completely independent dimeric species. The syntheses and characterizations of Ta/sub 2/X/sub 6/(SC/sub 4/H/sub 8/)/sub 3/ (X = Cl, Br) and ((n-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 4/N)/sub 2/(W/sub 2/Br/sub 9/) followed entirely different experimental routes, yet occasionally similar properties linked the two projects. (auth)

The analysis of multichannel wave interferometry for a variety of density profiles reveals that the phase shift as a function of horn position normalized to that through the center of the plasma, is relatively insensitive to K = n/sub o//n/sub c/ (the ratio of maximum density to cutoff density) when refraction effects are minimized. Thus, this ratio may be easily inverted to obtain a reasonably accurate measurement of the density profile even for values of K approaching 1.

Twenty-one coal samples have been collected and characterized. Sixty coals have been provided to other agencies at their request. The capability of controlling coal characteristics during preparation is being developed: large variations in volatile content occur within a given raw coal but, by controlling the preparation, a uniform product with the devised specifications can be produced. Studies have begun on the suitability of various coals and cokes for use in pressurized fixed bed gasifiers. Preliminary studies are being carried out on the feasibility of applying small angle x-ray scattering to the characterization of coal chars. Reactivity profiles and parameters for chars in air are markedly dependent upon the gaseous flow system used, indicating that char reactivity is determined by partial pressure of the reacting gas. Reactivities have been maximized by keeping the heat treatment temperature as low as possible, and allowing no soak time. The minerals kaolinite, dolomite, siderite, calcite, and pyrite are found not to be catalysts for the char-air reaction at 550/sup 0/C. The addition of coal to an oil-water-air emulsion considerably increases the heat flux from the flame to the water tubes during combustion. (auth)

Materials were bombarded by protons, deuterons, and helium ions. The materials investigated were quartz; glasses; carbides and borides (SiC, B/sub 4/C, TiB/sub 2/); oxides and nitrides (magnorite, sapphire, spinel, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, ZrO/sub 2/, BaTiO/sub 3/); and miscellaneous (graphite, LiNbO/sub 3/, copper). Oberservations were of growth, reflectivity, blistering, surface ablation, and swelling. Calculations were made of the effects of a layer, of its gradual transformation, and of the introduction of a gas. It is concluded that: Radiation blistering is not a primary process. Observations of blister formation and exfoliation cannot be used to calculate the surface ablation rate. The primary process is the development of a microporous layer which causes swelling. Visible blisters are caused by fracturing by transverse stresses in this layer and may occur during the bombardment, or in some cases, much later, in storage. There is no evidence of extreme gas pressures in the blisters. When blisters develop, they may be stable under continued bombardment for a dose many times that at which they formed. The swelling is a better index of the effects than is the blistering, and must be associated in most cases with permeability to the gas. Behavior with protons and …

The treatments involve high temperature (1100/sup 0/C) austenitizing during the first solution treatment followed by either interrupted quenching (Ms-Mf range) or isothermal transformation to produce lower bainite. Finally, the steels are given a 900/sup 0/C grain refinement treatment. Lower bainite was obtained by isothermally transforming austenite just above the Ms temperature. Tempering after the martensitic and bainitic treatments was also done in an attempt to improve the toughness of the material. The strength and toughness properties of as-quenched martensitic structures are somewhat superior while these properties of lower bainitic structures are comparable to those of a plain 0.4C steel. The properties of the nearly 100 percent bainite structure were unaffected by the cooling rate from the transformation temperature. Elimination of intergranular cracking produced toughness properties in quenched and tempered martensites which are far superior to those of lower bainite at the same strength level. It has also been shown that the toughness properties of as-quenched double-treated steels are superior to single treated steels. The chromium appeared to have a strong influence on the nature and morphology of carbides, as the bainitic as well as the martensitic structures showed marked temper resistance in the tempering range 200 to 500/sup 0/C.

Zero degree neutron spectra for the inclusive reactions p(p,n) and d(p,n) were obtained. Spectra were obtained for bombarding proton kinetic energies of 647 and 800 MeV. The strongly peaked p(p,n) spectra are well explained via the p(p,n)p..pi../sup +/ reaction primarily through the production of the N*/sub 33/(..delta../sup + +/) resonance. However, there is evidence for n-p final state interactions as well. Calculations have shown the roles of the N*/sub 33/ resonance and the n-p final state interactions in these p(p,n) spectra. The d(p,n) spectra exhibit a strong quasi-elastic charge exchange peak influenced by the final state p-p interaction in the reaction d(p,n)2p. The d(p,n) spectra also show a broad bump at lower neutron momenta qualitatively similar to the p(p,n) spectra. The d(p,n) spectra at lower momenta are nearly explained by nucleon-nucleon single pion production via the N*/sub 33/ resonance but it appears that higher order contributions involving nucleon--nucleon and nucleon--pion interactions are required as well. The d(p,n)2p reaction provides an intense, nearly monoenergetic neutron beam for use as a probe, primarily of the n-p interaction, at medium energies. The d(p,n) and p(p,n) measurements provide zero degree neutron momentum distributions which are very useful in furthering the knowledge about pion production …

The search for new sources of energy has prompted studies concerned with extracting energy from low temperature geothermal reservoirs which may include investigations into direct contact heat transfer due to the caustic nature of the geothermal brine. The heat transfer between two liquids of constant properties in laminar stable flow between infinite insulated horizontal parallel plates was studied. The formulation of the general problem involves two energy equations, one for each layer, which are coupled at the interfacial boundary by conditions of temperature and energy flux compatibility. The method of solution is to use the Laplace transform which then results in the necessity of using infinite series solutions with their associated recursion relationships for the coefficients. Special solutions are developed separately for the case where the fluid properties are the same and for the case of slug-flow or constant velocity. Results are presented for the dimensionless mean temperature profile of either fluid, as they are proven to be the same, as a function of the ratios of viscosities, Peclet numbers, volumetric flow rates and the axial location.

Polyethylene foils and parylene disks 5 to 10 ..mu..m thick have been irradiated by CO/sub 2/ laser pulses focused to flux levels in the 10/sup 13/ to 10/sup 14/ W/cm/sup 2/ range. The facility and the results obtained on these experiments are compared to similar targets hit with 1.06 ..mu.. pulses of like intensity. A CO/sub 2/ laser system, ''Valkyrie,'' fabricated from commercially available components was assembled for these experiments.

The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) Geothermal Research and Development Project is conducting two major geothermal development efforts: (1) a project aimed at medium temperature (approximately 300/sup 0/F) utilization to produce electricity with supplemental direct thermal use of the energy and (2) a low temperature (approximately 170/sup 0/F) space heating project. The first effort has progressed in the field to the successful drilling of two deep geothermal wells providing flows of the desired temperature in the Raft River Valley of Southcentral Idaho. The second program involves the heating of government buildings and a university campus at Boise, Idaho. This report covers the period July 1 to September 30, 1975.