Bid documents are provided for the construction of the collector subsystem foundation of the Barstow Solar Pilot Plant, including invitation to bid, bid form, representations and certifications, construction contract, and labor standards provisions of the Davis-Bacon Act. Instructions to bidders, general provisions and general conditions are included. Technical specifications are provided for the construction. (LEW)

Experiments measuring the energy deposited by electron beams were performed to provide bench marks against which to evaluate our HANDYL76 electron beam computer code. The experiments, done at Stanford's Mk III accelerator, measured dose vs depth and dose vs radius profiles induced in layered aluminum targets by 500-MeV electrons. The dose was measured by passive thermoluminescence and photographic film placed between aluminum plates. The calculations predict a dose vs radius profile that forward-peaks on axis after the beam passes through a 200-cm air gap; the experimental measurements do not show this peak. This discrepancy indicates there may be a problem in using HANDYL76 to calculate deep penetration of a target with a large gap.

This report summarizes all the technical work performed on the 3000-MW(t) 3-loop High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Gas Turbine design as of June 1979. Although the plant configuration has changed to a 2000-MW(t) 2-loop plant, most of the technical assessments described in this report are still applicable to the 2000-MW(t) plant. The report covers the criteria under which the plant was designed, the technical feasibility problems associated with the plant and their potential solutions, and other potential applications and improvements which could make the gas turbine concept more attractive economically.

A workbook for implementing an abbreviated version of the RD and D portfolio selection methodology described in A Resource Allocation Methodology for Establishing RD and D Budgetary Priorities is presented. The purpose of the abbreviated methodology is to allow a fast, first-cut analysis of a set of programs and to provide a means of discovering important issues that deserve more detailed analysis. The use of the abbreviated methodology in the overall process of evaluating RD and D programs is outlined. The effect of the program on a process is represented by the process model. Those process cost and performance characteristics that are important to the market for an energy product are described. The product cost model takes the cost and performance characteristics and the feedstock price and calculates the cost of producing a unit of energy using the technology in question. The market model takes this cost, the demand for the energy product, and the characteristics of alternative sources of the same product, and specifies the market share captured by the new technology. From this point it is relatively straightforward to infer the impacts of the new technology on the energy system. The benefit model evaluates the impacts in a …

Instrumented spool pieces for installation in the piping of the German Primarkreislauf (PKL) test reactor have been designed and tested. The primary objective of the spools is to provide measurements of two-phase steam-water flow parameters (pressure, temperature, velocity) from which mass flow rates can be calculated. Each spool contains a three-beam densitometer, flow turbine, drag screen, and pressure and temperature sensors. The spools were prototype tested in single- and two-phase steam-water flows and the results of the mass flow calculations were compared to known values. The present software calculations of total mass flow in two-phase flows requires data from two instruments only: the flow turbine and drag screen. In this report, mass flow calculations based on other instrument combinations are investigated and compared to the programmed calculations.

This report describes the results of a program to test acoustic monitoring systems on Indian Point Unit No. 1 under actual plant operating conditions, less the reactor core. The two types of systems evaluated were the monitoring of acoustic emissions generated by growing flaws and the monitoring of acoustic signals from leaks.

The determination of the activity coefficient and related properties of sodium bicarbonate presents special problems because of the appreciable vapor pressure of CO{sub 2} above such solutions. With the development of reliable equations for the thermodynamic properties of mixed electrolytes, it is possible to determine the parameters for NaHCO{sub 3} from cell measurements or NaCl-NaHCO{sub 3} mixtures. Literature data are analyzed to illustrate the method and provide interim values, but it is noted that further measurements over a wider range of concentrations would yield more definitive results. An estimate is also given for the activity coefficient of KHCO{sub 3}.

The first conference on advanced materials for alternative fuel capable directly fired heat engines was held at the Maine Maritime Academy, Castine, Maine. It was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, (Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy) and the Electric Power Research Institute, (Division of Fossil Fuel and Advanced Systems). Forty-four papers from the proceedings have been entered into EDB and ERA and one also into EAPA; three had been entered previously from other sources. The papers are concerned with US DOE research programs in this area, coal gasification, coal liquefaction, gas turbines, fluidized-bed combustion and the materials used in these processes or equipments. The materials papers involve alloys, ceramics, coatings, cladding, etc., and the fabrication and materials listing of such materials and studies involving corrosion, erosion, deposition, etc. (LTN)

The design and development of an on-board charger power module for use in electric vehicles is described. The module operates at 20KHz in a series resonant, half bridge configuration. Circuit design trade-offs, module performance, and solutions to the problems of acoustic noise, maintaining high power factor, circuit protection and operating reliability are discussed. The power module operates from a single phase, 240 V, 50/60 Hz utility line. Average power factor is 0.90; efficiency at maximum power output is 86%. The module is rated to charge a bank consisting of 20 Exide EV-106 batteries (60 cells) to an end voltage of 2.42 V/cell. Physically, the module weighs less than 17 Kg. Projected manufacturing cost at the thousand unit level is $394.00 (1978 dollars).

First quarter activities for a project aimed at demonstrating the technical feasibility of advanced high efficiency concentrator solar converters are described. The goal of the program is to achieve 30% conversion efficiency with a converter operating at 30/sup 0/C under 500 to 1000 SUN AM2 illumination and 25% conversion efficiency with a converter operating at 150/sup 0/C under 500 to 1000 SUN AM2 illumination. The approach is to fabricate two cell, non-lattice matched, monolithic stacked converters using optimum pairs of cells having bandgaps in the range of 1.6 to 1.7 eV and 0.95 to 1.1 eV. The high bandgap cells are to be fabricated using MOCVD or LPE to produce the needed AlGaAs layers of optimized composition, thickness and doping to produce high performance, heteroface homojunction devices, The low bandgap cells are to be similarly fabricated from AlGaSb(As) compositions by LPE. These subcells are then to be joined into a monolithic structure by an appropriate thermal bonding technique which will also form the needed transparent intercell ohmic contact (IOC) between the two subcells. The activities this quarter have been largely focused on the development and study of low bandgap cell structures and attempts to develop suitable techniques for the thermal …

The system design, analysis, and specification, site preparation, and operation and evaluation plan for a 500 kWe photovoltaic power supply to be located at the Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix, Arizona, are presented. The solar cell arrays are concentrator silicon solar cells with tracking 70X Cassegrain-type concentrators. The power conditioning system, tracking system, and control systems are described in detal. Environmental impact studies are described. Component specifications and drawings are included. (WHK)

ALINET is a network model designed for the analysis of energy use in the food processing and distribution sector and for the evaluation of the potential effectiveness of energy conserving technologies. The conceptual framework of the model, as well as the design and implementation of the computer software are described. The wheat system at the national, state, and facility-specific level is used to illustrate the model's operation and use. A pilot project, carried out in cooperation with industry, is described in which energy use in (a) hard wheat milling, and (b) durum milling and pasta manufacture is analyzed. Finally, the introduction of an alternative technology for pasta drying is assessed in terms of energy conservation and cost. Recommendation for further applications and institutionalization of the model are made.

Physical properties (magnetic susceptibility, NMR, crystal structure, etc.) are reviewed for trivalent lanthanide/actinide derivatives, divalent lanthanide derivatives, and tetravalent actinide derivatives. (DLC)

Research progress on amorphous Si:H solar cells is described. Tasks include theoretical modeling, deposition and doping studies, experimental characterization of a-Si:H, formation of solar cell structures, and evaluation of solar cell parameters. A new method for determining the drift mobility of majority carriers in doped a-Si:H is discussed. Deposition and doping studies have been performed in an rf magnetron discharge system. Mass spectroscopy has been used to show that the major impurities in the SiH/sub 4/ discharge occur at m/e values of 45, 47, and 49 at concentrations 10/sup -4/-10/sup -5/ times that of the principal ion, SiH/sub 3//sup +/. Boron implantation of an i-n structure produces a p-i-n cell with an enhanced V/sub oc/ but reduced J/sub sc/ as compared to cells in a nonimplanted region. Laser annealing at power densities up to 60 MW/cm/sup 2/ (30-ns pulse) causes partial crystallization of the a-Si:H, but there are no significant changes in the photoluminescence spectrum or the hydrogen content. the photo-Hall effect in undoped a-Si:H has been measured as a function of wave-length and temperature. The photoelectromagnetic spectrum for the short-circuit current has been used to estimate a hole diffusion length of approx.0.1-0.3 ..mu..m in undoped a-Si:H. Recently p-i-n cells …

Nine alternative LWR fuel cycles are analyzed in terms of the isotopic content of the fuel material, the relative amounts of primary and recycled material, the uranium and thorium requirements, the fuel cycle costs and the fraction of energy which must be generated at secured sites. The fuel materials include low-enriched uranium (LEU), plutonium-uranium (MOX), highly-enriched uranium-thorium (HEU-Th), denatured uranium-thorium (DU-Th) and plutonium-thorium (Pu-Th). The analysis is based on tracing the material requirements of a generic pressurized water reactor (PWR) for a 30-year period at constant annual energy output. During this time period all the created fissile material is recycled unless its reactivity worth is less than 0.2% uranium enrichment plant tails.

Pressure drop data obtained during testing of the MARK I, II and IIA fuel assemblies in the Argonne National Laboratory liquid metal core component loop (CCTL) were analyzed. It is concluded that the previously unexplained pressure drop increase measured across the MARK II and MARK IIA assemblies was caused by metallic particulate fouling; the source was mechanical-chemical wear of the loops pump journal shaft. The implication to liquid metal breeder reactor (LMFBR) operation is that if a continuous source of metallic particles exists upstream of the core, a pressure drop increase can be expected. The size of the deposited particles should be larger than the thickness of laminar sublayer on a fuel rod. It is also concluded that the most probable source of metallic particulates will come from component failure and not from normal corrosion products. A small amount of deposited particulates can produce a relatively high pressure drop increase.

The purpose of this report is to analyze the investment strategies of US oil companies and the depth of their present and future investments in nonpetroleum energy sources. For purposes of this study, the nonpetroleum energy sources to be discussed are coal, uranium/nuclear, synthetics from coal, oil shale, geothermal, and solar. To gather necessary subjective data, the authors interviewed the managements of more than forty companies, the majority of which are directly involved in the production of various forms of energy. Others are substantial energy users. Interviews were also held with various federal and state regulatory agencies, with federal legislative groups, and with representatives of industry associations. These interviews were not intended to be a survey; their purpose was rather to explore the perceptions of petroleum company managements concerning nonpetroleum energy sources and the reasons for their company's participation, or lack of participation, in the development of these resources. Quantitative data came from reports prepared by federal investigative and regulatory agencies, from testimony given before investigative and regulatory bodies, from public company reports (annual reports, quarterly reports, 10-K's, 8-K's, registration statements, press releases, etc.), from industry, research and investment organizations, from universities, and from a variety of publications.

Financial data from the analysis of investment strategies of US oil companies and the depth of their present and future investments in nonpetroleum energy sources are tabulated in these appendices. The nonpetroleum energy sources included in the study are: coal, oil shale, geothermal, and solar.

The occurrence of a Soviet accident in the winter of 1957-58, involving the atmospheric release of reprocessed fission wastes (cooling time approximately 1-2 yrs.), appears to have been confirmed, primarily by an analysis of the USSR radioecology literature. Due to the high population density in the affected region (Cheliabinsk Province in the highly industrialized Urals Region) and the reported level of /sup 90/Sr contamination , the event probably resulted in the evacuation and/or resettlement of the human population from a significant area (100-1000 km/sup 2/). The resulting contamination zone is estimated to have contained approximately 10/sup 6/ Ci of /sup 90/Sr (reference radionuclide); a relatively small fraction of the total may have been dispersed as an aerosol. Although a plausible explanation for the incident exists (i.e., use of now-obsolete waste storage-/sup 137/Cs isotope separation techniques), it is not yet possible, based on the limited information presently available, to completely dismiss this phenomenon as a purely historical event. It seems imperative that we have a complete explanation of the causes and consequences of this incident. Soviet experience gained in application of corrective measures would be invaluable to the rest of the world nuclear community.

This report has focused on the adequacy of OSM's cost estimates for implementation of SMCRA's discretionary regulations. In considering whether the Regulatory Analysis included the proper regulations and subparts we determined that only three discretionary regulations were not assessed in the RA. Our analysis of the model mine data base concluded that D'Appolonia Consulting Engineers used sound bases for their cost estimates. There were no apparent methodological errors. In estimating the costs of those additional discretionary regulations which should have been included in the Regulatory Analysis, only one such regulation was found to have a significant or measureable implementation cost. While this cost should have been included in OSM's cost estimate, it amounts to an increase of only three percent in the estimated cost of complying with the discretionary regulations. The Regulatory Analysis should be viewed in its proper light. It is an attempt to estimate the cost of complying with SMCRA's discretionary regulations. It is not an attempt to measure the total cost of implementing SMCRA. It has been shown to be, generally, an accurate analysis.

To confirm the potentially greater thermodynamic efficiency of hydrogasification, a study was made of carbon conversion and resulting thermal efficiency of methane production via hydrogasification as compared to gasification/methanation. The alternative systems were first compared on an ideal process basis. This approach neglects limitations imposed by the thermodynamics and kinetics of the various chemical reactions and indicates maximum potential conversion of coal to methane. These results were then compared with similar data for commercial plant designs developed for each of the processes that take into account system inefficiencies and thermodynamic restraints. Ideally, carbon conversions of 20 to 30% higher than given by gasification/methanation can be achieved by hydrogasification, resulting in 20 to 30% higher thermal efficiencies. Unfortunately, the full extent of this advantage is not realized because the carbon-hydrogen-methane reaction equilibrium is not favorable to high methane concentrations at the high temperatures required for gasification of coal in a single stage process. This limitation is overcome by the use of a large excess of hydrogen, which favors increased carbon conversion within the required gasification temperature range but reduces thermal efficiency. A comparison of both the cold gas (methane production only) and overall (methane plus byproducts) thermal efficiencies for the conceptual …

Development and characterization of solidified high-level waste forms are directed at determining both process properties and long-term behaviors of various solidified high-level waste forms in aqueous, thermal, and radiation environments. Waste glass properties measured as a function of composition were melt viscosity, melt electrical conductivity, devitrification, and chemical durability. The alkali metals were found to have the greatest effect upon glass properties. Titanium caused a slight decrease in viscosity and a significant increase in chemical durability in acidic solutions (pH-4). Aluminum, nickel and iron were all found to increase the formation of nickel-ferrite spinel crystals in the glass. Four multibarrier advanced waste forms were produced on a one-liter scale with simulated waste and characterized. Glass marbles encapsulated in a vacuum-cast lead alloy provided improved inertness with a minimal increase in technological complexity. Supercalcine spheres exhibited excellent inertness when coated with pyrolytic carbon and alumina and put in a metal matrix, but the processing requirements are quite complex. Tests on simulated and actual high-level waste glasses continue to suggest that thermal devitrification has a relatively small effect upon mechanical and chemical durabilities. Tests on the effects radiation has upon waste forms also continue to show changes to be relatively insignificant. Effects …

Assessments of inactive uranium mill tailings sites in the United States led to the designation of 25 processing sites for remedial action under the provisions of Section 102(a) Public Law 95-604. The Department of Energy assessed the potential health effects to the public from the residual radioactive materials on or near the 25 sites; and, with the advice of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary established priorities for performing remedial action. In designating the 25 sites and establishing the priorities for performing remedial action, the Department of Energy consulted with the Environmental Protection Agency, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Department of the Interior, governors of the affected States, Navajo Nation, and appropriate property owners. Public participation in this process was encouraged. During Fiscal Year 1980, Department of Energy will be conducting surveys to verify the radiological characterization at the designated processing sites; developing cooperative agreements with the affected States; and initiating the appropriate National Environmental Policy Act documentation prior to conducting specific remedial actions.

APCAL1 is an applications program operational on the PEP MODCOMP IV computer for the purpose of converting beam position monitor (BPM) button voltage readings to x,y coordinates. Calibration information and the BPM readings are read from the MODCOMP IV data base. Corresponding x,y coordinates are written in the data base for use by other programs. APCAL1 is normally activated by another program but can be activated by a touch panel for checkout purposes.