A summary is given of the activities of those in the Media Accelerator Group. Attention was focused on the Inverse Cherenkov Accelerator, the Laser Focus Accelerator, and the Beat Wave Accelerator. For each of these the ultimate capability of the concept was examined as well as the next series of experiments which needs to be performed in order to advance the concept.

Since brazing was the method selected for joining the stainless steel SM- l reactor fuel element, corrosion studies were conducted on various potential brazing alloys to evaluate their resistance under the approximate pressurized- water conditions of the SM-1. The program consisted mainly of testing type 304L stainless steel T'' joints brazed with selected alloys in quiescent, degassed, and deionized autoclaved water at 565 deg F under 1200-psi pressure. In the initial phase of the investigation, tests were limited in duration to l000 hr in order to quickly screen some 18 potential alloys for longer time testing. Based on weight-change data and the metallographic examinations, five of the 18 alloys exhibited sufficient corrosion resistance to warrant further investigation. These alloys were subjected to autoclave tests of 12 and 16 months. In these extended tests, 1 cc O/sub 2/liter and a mixture of 1 cc O/sub 2/liter plus 50 cc H/sub 2/liter, respectively, were added to the water to more closely simulate SM- 1 reactor water conditions and to evaluate the effect of different gaseous additions on the corrosion behavior of the alloys. On the basis of weight-change data and metallographic examination after long-term exposure of the tested stainless steel-base joint; these …

This research project involves the design, synthesis and study of molecules which mimic many of the important aspects of photosynthetic electron and energy transfer. The knowledge gained from the study of synthetic model systems which abstract features of the natural photosynthetic apparatus can be used to design artificial photosynthetic systems which employ the basic physics and chemistry of photosynthesis to help meet mankind's energy needs. More specifically, the proposed models are designed to mimic the following aspects of natural photosynthetic multistep electron transfer: electron donation from a tetrapyrrole excited singlet state, electron transfer between tetrapyrroles, electron transfer from tetrapyrroles to quinones, and electron transfer between quinones with different redox properties.

This research project involves the design, synthesis and study of molecules which mimic many of the important aspects of photosynthetic electron and energy transfer. Specifically, the molecules are designed to mimic the following aspects of natural photosynthetic multistep electron transfer: electron donation from a tetrapyrrole excited singlet state, electron transfer between tetrapyrroles, electron transfer from tetrapyrroles to quinones, and electron transfer between quinones with different redox properties. In addition, they model carotenoid antenna function in photosynthesis (singlet-singlet energy transfer from carotenoid polyenes to chlorophyll) and carotenoid photoprotection from singlet oxygen damage (triplet-triplet energy transfer from chlorophyll to carotenoids).

The U.S. Department of Energy plans to vitrify both high-level and low-activity waste at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. One aspect of the planning includes a need for a caustic recycle process to separate sodium hydroxide for recycle. Sodium is already a major limitation to the waste-oxide loading in the low-activity waste glass to be vitrified at the Waste Treatment Plant, and additional sodium hydroxide will be added to remove aluminum and to control precipitation in the process equipment. Aluminum is being removed from the high level sludge to reduce the number of high level waste canisters produced. A sodium recycle process would reduce the volume of low-activity waste glass produced and minimize the need to purchase new sodium hydroxide, so there is a renewed interest in investigating sodium recycle. This document describes an electrochemical facility for recycling sodium for the WTP.

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Using current methods, oil and gas in the subsurface cannot be reliably predicted from seismic data. This causes domestic oil and gas fields to go undiscovered and unexploited, thereby increasing the need to import energy. The general objective of this study was to demonstrate a simple and effective methodology for estimating reservoir properties (gas saturation in particular, but also including lithology, net to gross ratios, and porosity) from seismic attenuation and other attributes using P and S-waves. Phase I specific technical objectives: • Develop Empirical or Theoretical Rock Physics Relations for Qp and Qs • Create P-wave and S-wave Synthetic Seismic Modeling Algorithms with Q • Compute P-wave and S-wave Q Attributes from Multi-component Seismic Data All objectives defined in the Phase I proposal were accomplished. During the course of this project, a new class of seismic analysis was developed based on compressional and shear wave inelastic rock properties (attenuation). This method provides a better link between seismic data and the presence of hydrocarbons. The technique employs both P and S-wave data to better discriminate between attenuation due to hydrocarbons versus energy loss due to other factors such as scattering and geometric spreading. It was demonstrated that P and S …

This report presents the final hazard categorization (FHC) for the remediation of the 118-D-1, 118-D-2, and 118-D-3 Burial Grounds located within the 100-D/DR Area of the Hanford Site and the 118-H-1, 118-H-2, and 118-H-3 Burial Grounds located within the 100-H Area of the Hanford Site.

This paper presents an analytical solution of reactive transport with equilibrium and kinetic reactions. A benchmark model of A {leftrightarrow} B {leftrightarrow} C {yields} chain reactions is developed for the purpose of verifying numerical computer codes and qualifying mathematical models. A reaction matrix is derived for both the equilibrium and first-order kinetic reactions and further decoupled as a diagonal matrix. Therefore, the partial differential equations (PDEs) coupled by the reaction matrix can be transformed into independent PDEs, for which closed-form solutions exist or can be derived. The analytical solution derived in this paper is compared with numerical results.

Using synchrotron angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction (ADXD) and Raman spectroscopy on samples of Li{sub 2}O pressurized in a diamond anvil cell, we observed a reversible phase change from the cubic antifluorite ({alpha}, Fm-3m) to orthorhombic anticotunnite ({beta}, Pnma) phase at 50({+-}5) GPa at ambient temperature. This transition is accompanied by a relatively large volume collapse of 5.4 ({+-}0.8)% and large hysteresis upon pressure reversal (P{sub down} at {approx} 25 GPa). Contrary to a recent study, our data suggest that the high-pressure {beta}-phase (B{sub o} = 188 {+-} 12 GPa) is substantially stiffer than the low-pressure {alpha}-phase (B{sub o} = 90 {+-} 1 GPa). A relatively strong and pressure-dependent preferred orientation in {beta}-Li{sub 2}O is observed. The present result is in accordance with the systematic behavior of antifluorite-to-anticotunnite phase transitions occurring in the alkali-metal sulfides.

We report on the first experimental demonstration of Compton imaging of gamma rays with a single coaxial high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. This imaging capability is realized by two-dimensional segmentation of the outside contact in combination with digital pulse-shape analysis, which enables to image gamma rays in 4{pi} without employing a collimator. We are able to demonstrate the ability to image the 662keV gamma ray from a {sup 137}Cs source with preliminary event selection with an angular accuracy of 5 degree with an relative efficiency of 0.2%. In addition to the 4{pi} imaging capability, such a system is characterized by its excellent energy resolution and can be implemented in any size possible for Ge detectors to achieve high efficiency.

This report was originally written as part of the Physics Analysis Document for the End-Loss Ion Energy Spectrometer for MFTF. In the course of that analysis, we investigated many possibilities. We have decided that this survey of the different types of analyzers and detectors could be of use to others facing a similar choice. The Appendix covers a formalism developed for finding the trajectories of charged particles in constant, uniform, but otherwise arbitrary electric and magnetic fields.

Progress in developing foil bearings for a miniature isotope-fueled Brayton cycle power system rotating unit (BRU) for space vehicles is reviewed with charts, tables, and diagrams of the program plan and schedule; performance testing; fabrication and inspection; and materials development. (LCL)

FORTRAN-callable subroutines have been written to enable controller--controllee interaction on the LLL DECsystem-10. These subroutines have been used to construct a controller (XTCTMR) for a tandem-mirror physics code (CTCTMR). A description of the subroutines and their use is presented. Also, sample results are given.

A conceptual design is discussed for a fusion rocket propulsion system based on the magnetic dipole configuration. The dipole is found to have features well suited to space applications. Example parameters are presented for a system producing a specific power of 1 kW/kg, capable of interplanetary flights to Mars in 90 days and to Jupiter in a year, and of extra-solar-system flights to 1000 astronomical units (the Tau mission) in 20 years. This is about 10 times better specific power toward 10 kW/kg are discussed, as in an approach to implementing the concept through proof-testing on the moon. 21 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs.

Laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate methods for removing plutonium from insulation, glass leach heel, and sand and slag heel. The methods evaluated included hydrochloric acid leaching, nitric acid leaching, and a treatment consisting of a fusion step followed by acid leaching. Results indicate that a nitric acid leach is effective in lowering the plutonium concentration of these solid wastes to the desired limit, if multiple contacts are used. A hydrochloric acid leach was found to be superior to a nitric acid leach for removing plutonium from the residues.

Work has progressed along two lines: obtaining of detailed occupation, industry, wage, and skill information; and obtaining of detailed materials and labor requirements (so-called direct requirements) for conservation and solar options. The latter is currently focused upon thermally tight single-family residences (vs. as-built). Both of these inputs will be used in conjunction with our input-output employment-energy model.

The goals of the present program are to develop successful die and container materials for handling liquid silicon while it is being formed into photovoltaic cell material. These goals will hopefully be accomplished by exploring various materials configurations for their reactivity with molten silicon. The combination of unique coating structures combined with control of oxygen partial pressures may yield some previously unsuspected set of conditions which are useful for cost effective die growth or containing silicon melts. Successful experimental configurations will be scaled up into prototype dies and containers as appropriate during the third and fourth quarters of calendar 1978. Economics for large scale production of such prototypes will be defined as part of the program. Die and container material development efforts under the current program are shared among three organizations. Miami Research Laboratories (MRL)--Ceramic process development and overall program management, University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) (Prof. P.D. Ownby)--silicon sessile drop studies with characterization of reaction products and emphasis on atmospheric effects, Chemetal Corp., Pacoima, Calif. (R. Holzl, president)--special coatings to be applied to test coupons, die shapes and containers provided by MRL and tested/characterized by UMR. MRL has hot pressed three different substrate materials for coating at Chemetal Corp. Chemetal …

This paper assesses a method for extracting tritium from liquid lithium for specific application to the conceptual laser fusion reactor that uses a continuous lithium ''waterfall.'' The tritium diffuses through a refractory metal that contains a getter and is then stored in a hydride-forming alloy. There are various uncertainties with this method including helium-4 extraction, unknown impurities that may accumulate in liquid lithium, the effects of these impurities on tritium separation, and the maintenance of tritium-contaminated equipment. Our study indicates that major tritium losses will occur during equipment maintenance rather than as a result of permeation losses through the primary vessel.

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This research project involves the design, synthesis and study of molecules which mimic many of the important aspects of photosynthetic electron and energy transfer. The knowledge gained from the study of synthetic model systems which abstract features of the natural photosynthetic apparatus can be used to design artificial photosynthetic systems which employ the basic physics and chemistry of photosynthesis to help meet mankind`s energy needs. More specifically, the proposed models are designed to mimic the following aspects of natural photosynthetic multistep electron transfer: electron donation from a tetrapyrrole excited singlet state, electron transfer between tetrapyrroles, electron transfer from tetrapyrroles to quinones, and electron transfer between quinones with different redox properties.

C Reactor experienced two severe fuel failures, one in process tube 2562 on 10-27-67, and one in process tube 3361 on 12-27-67, both resulting in major efforts to effect their removal. The intent of this document is to present a summary of the action taken for the removal of the failed elements.

With the use of smooth-bore Zircaloy-2 process tubes and self- supported fuel elements on a large scale at the K Reactors, establishment of the operating characteristics of this fuel element-process tube configuration is imperative. Under authority of Production Test-IP-409-A, two smooth-bore Zircaloy-2 tubes were routinely charged with KVNS fuel elements. Approximately 520 KVNS fuel elements have been irradiated in this facility. In Production Test-IP-572-A, the coolant temperature distribution in the annulus of the KVNS fuel element-process tube system is being evaluated as a function of fuel element support height. This production test supplement will provide data for further defining the operational characteristics of the self-support fuel element concept.

This report discusses the following topics: Chromium coating on superconductor strand -- an overview; technology of chromium plating; comparison of wires plated by different platers; search for chromium in copper; strand manufactures` presentations; chromium plating at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; a first look at a chromium plating process development project tailored for T.P.X. and I.T.E.R. strand; and influence of chromium diffusion and related phenomena on the reference ratios of bare and chromium plated Nb{sub 3}Sn strand.