The 236-Z canyon contains equipment for repurification of plutonium and recovery of plutonium from scrap material. To meet production requirements of Fast Flux Test Facility/Clinch River Breeder Reactor oxide with the existing plant, several new pieces of equipment will be needed in the future. More storage space and a better accountability system are needed to support this increased production. The available canyon space needs to be utilized to its fullest in order to accommodate the new equipment. The purpose of this document is to identify the new pieces of equipment, show how they fit into the flowsheet, and locate them in the canyon.

The most important accomplishments during this period were to demonstrate and to elucidate further the complex effects that occur during the aging of Cu/sub 2/S/CdS thin-film solar cells in flowing wet oxygen. There are two distinct effects. At constant illumination, the short-circuit current of cells aged at room temperature consistently decreases with time. The second effect, related to diode opposing current, is more involved and may result from several competing mechanisms. Over the short term (approx. 4 to 5 hours), the magnitude of diode opposing current decreases. After approx. 20 hours of aging, opposing current generally returns to the level achieved after hydrogen annealing which immediately preceded the aging sequence. Optical measurements of the spectral transmission of the Cu/sub 2/S layers in a cell content have been made using a silicon detector epoxied to the back of a CdS cell after the copper foil substrate was removed. There is no significant change in Cu/sub 2/S transmission behavior for wavelengths ranging from 525 to 1000 nm during wet-oxygen aging for periods of 2 to 36 hours. This suggests that the decrease in J/sub SC/ at constant illumination, for the aging experiments in a flowing wet-oxygen ambient, arises because of changes in …

A gap between a neutron sonde and the wall of a borehole can have a significant effect on the observed count rate. This effect was determined experimentally to be linear with gaps as large as 2.5 cm. The count rate is given by N/sub N/ = K/sub 0/ + K/sub 1/g where K/sub 0/ is the count rate that would be observed at zero gap, and g is the gap. The parameters K/sub 0/ and K/sub 1/ are dependent on both water (ie. hydrogen) content and bulk density. In many situations failure to correct the count rate for this gap effect can result in a significant degradation in the accuracy of the water content calculated from the count rate. In a dry borehole, K/sub 1/ is small at zero formation water content, and increases with formation water content. In a water-filled borehole, K/sub 1/ is large at zero formation water content, and tends to decrease with increasing formation water content, becoming zero, as of course it must, if the formation is pure water. The absolute value of K/sub 1/ increases with increasing density. A representation was determined for K/sub 0/ and K/sub 1/ from experimental data. This representation can be …

A study of the incorporation of {sup 14}CO{sub 2} into cell components of synchronously growing Chlorella pyrenoidosa has shown that DNA is synthesized primarily during the latter stages of the cell cycle prior to cell division. RNA was synthesized at an approximately equal rate during each of the three phases of the cell growth studied. No major differences were noted in the incorporation of {sup 14}CO{sub 2} into the soluble cell components in these long-term incorporation studies.

Rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2, and their role inglobal warming, have prompted efforts to reduce emissions of CO2 fromburning of fossil fuels. An attractive mitigation option underconsideration in many countries is the injection of CO2 from stationarysources, such as fossil-fueled power plants, into deep, stable geologicformations, where it would be stored and kept out of the atmosphere fortime periods of hundreds to thousands of years or more. Potentialgeologic storage reservoirs include depleted or depleting oil and gasreservoirs, unmineable coal seams, and saline formations. While oil andgas reservoirs may provide some attractive early targets for CO2 storage,estimates for geographic regions worldwide have suggested that onlysaline formations would provide sufficient storage capacity tosubstantially impact atmospheric releases. This paper will focus on CO2storage in saline formations.Injection of CO2 into a saline aquifer willgive rise to immiscible displacement of brine by the advancing CO2. Thelower viscosity of CO2 relative to aqueous fluids provides a potentialfor hydrodynamic instabilities during the displacement process. Attypical subsurface conditions of temperature and pressure, CO2 is lessdense than aqueous fluids and is subject to upward buoyancy force inenvironments where pressures are controlled by an ambient aqueous phase.Thus CO2 would tend to rise towards the top of a permeable formation andaccumulate …

The dark fixation of carbon dioxide by green algae has been investigated and found to be closely related to photosynthesis fixation. By illumination in the absence of carbon dioxide followed by treatment with radioactive carbon dioxide in the dark, the amount fixed has been increased ten to twenty fold. This rate of maximum fixation approaches photosynthesis maximum rates. The majority of the radioactive products formed under these conditions have been identified and isolated and the distribution of labeled carbon determined. From these results a tentative scheme for the mechanism of photosynthesis is set forth.

The intensity ratios of 3 {yields} 2 emission lines of Fe XVIII and Ni XX were measured on the Livermore electron beam ion trap (EBIT-I) with a flat-field grating spectrometer. The results were compared with distorted-wave (DW) calculations obtained with the Flexible Atomic Code and recent close-coupling calculations using the R-matrix code. The measured 3s {yields} 2p/3d {yields} 2p ratios are about 20-40% higher than the theoretical values. When more extended configuration interaction is included in the DW theory, the agreement with the measurements improved slightly. At the beam energies of these measurements, no significant resonance contribution is expected to be present, and the discrepancies represent the uncertainties in the direct excitation cross sections.

This analysis evaluates the potential economic benefits that could result from the improvements in the permeability of membranes for reverse osmosis. The discussion provides a simple model of the operation of a reverse osmosis plant. It examines the change in the operation that might result from improvements in the membrane and computes the cost of water as a function of the membrane permeability.

Centrosomes are small organelles that organize the mitoticspindle during cell division and are also involved in cell shape andpolarity. Within epithelial tumors, such as breast cancer, and somehematological tumors, centrosome abnormalities (CA) are common, occurearly in disease etiology, and correlate with chromosomal instability anddisease stage. In situ quantification of CA by optical microscopy ishampered by overlap and clustering of these organelles, which appear asfocal structures. CA has been frequently associated with Tp53 status inpremalignant lesions and tumors. Here we describe an approach toaccurately quantify centrosomes in tissue sections and tumors.Considering proliferation and baseline amplification rate the resultingpopulation based ratio of centrosomes per nucleus allow the approximationof the proportion of cells with CA. Using this technique we show that20-30 percent of cells have amplified centrosomes in Tp53 null mammarytumors. Combining fluorescence detection, deconvolution microscopy and amathematical algorithm applied to a maximum intensity projection we showthat this approach is superior to traditional investigator based visualanalysis or threshold-based techniques.

The electronic structure of Mn in amorphous Si (a-Mn{sub x}Si{sub 1?x}) is studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Mn L{sub 3,2} edges for x = 0.005-0.18. Except the x = 0.005 sample, which shows a slight signature of Mn{sup 2+} atomic multiplets associated with a local Mn moment, all samples have broad and featureless L{sub 3,2} absorption peaks, corresponding to an itinerant state for all 3d electrons. The broad X-ray absorption spectra exclude the possibility of a localized 3d moment and explain the unexpectedly quenched Mn moment in this magnetically-doped amorphous semiconductor. Such a fully delocalized d state of Mn dopant in Si has not been previously suggested.

Pt-modified NiAl is widely used as a coating material in industry. In this study, the surface energies of NiAl with and without Pt are investigated using first-principles calculations. The presence of Pt in NiAl takes the surface electronic states to higher energies, resulting in an increased surface energy, which explains some of the beneficial effects of Pt on the oxidation resistance of NiAl. The electronic structure of NiAl-Pt alloys is also analyzed in terms of the site preference of Pt in NiAl. Results show that Pt bonds strongly to Al, giving its site preference on the Ni site.

Cryogenic microcalorimeter detectors operating at temperatures around {approx}0.1 K have been developed for the last two decades, driven mostly by the need for ultra-high energy resolution (<0.1%) in X-ray astrophysics and dark matter searches [1]. The Advanced Detector Group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has developed different cryogenic detector technologies for applications ranging from X-ray astrophysics to nuclear science and non-proliferation. In particular, we have adapted cryogenic detector technologies for ultra-high energy resolution gamma-spectroscopy [2] and, more recently, fast-neutron spectroscopy [3]. Microcalorimeters are essentially ultra-sensitive thermometers that measure the energy of the radiation from the increase in temperature upon absorption. They consist of a sensitive superconducting thermometer operated at the transition between its superconducting and its normal state, where its resistance changes very rapidly with temperature such that even the minute energies deposited by single radiation quanta are sufficient to be detectable with high precision. The energy resolution of microcalorimeters is fundamentally limited by thermal fluctuations to {Delta}E{sub FWHM} {approx} 2.355 (k{sub B}T{sup 2}C{sub abs}){sup 1/2}, and thus allows an energy below 1 keV for neutron spectrometers for an operating temperature of T {approx} 0.1 K . The {Delta}E{sub FWHM} does not depend on the energy of the incident photon …

We present the first experimental radium mineral/melt partitioning data, specifically between anorthite and a CMAS melt at atmospheric pressure. Ion microprobe measurement of coexisting anorthite and glass phases produces a molar D{sub Ra} = 0.040 {+-} 0.006 and D{sub Ra}/D{sub Ba} = 0.23 {+-} 0.05 at 1400 C. Our results indicate that lattice strain partitioning models fit the divalent (Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) partition coefficient data of this study well, supporting previous work on crustal melting and magma chamber dynamics that has relied on such models to approximate radium partitioning behavior in the absence of experimentally determined values.

A wire grid beam splitter for use in high-power microwave diagnostics is discussed. The principle application considered here is the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (140 GHz ECH using 35 ns FEL pulses of about 3 GW peak power, single pulse, with future upgrade to 250 GHz, 8 GW, 50 ns, and 5 kHz repetition rate). The theory of wire grids of infinite extent and excited by a uniform plane wave is extended to consider grids of finite extent and excited by field having a Gaussian distribution. Design criteria based on the numerical simulations for the grid to be used in MTX are included along with other appropriate engineering recommendations. 8 refs., 27 figs., 2 tabs.

Within the conventional framework of a spontaneously broken gauge theory, general principles establish that the electroweak symmetry is broken by a new force that may be weak with associated new quanta below 1 TeV or strong with quanta above 1 TeV. The SSC parameters, ..sqrt..s = 40 TeV and L = 10/sup 33/ cm/sup /minus/2/s/sup /minus/1/, define a minimal facility with assured capability to observe the signals of symmetry breaking by a strong force above 1 TeV. Foreseeable luminosity upgrades would not be able to compensate a much lower collider energy for these physics signals. If the strong WW scattering signal were seen at the SSC in the 1990's it would provide a clear imperative for a collider with the physics reach of the ELOISATRON to begin detailed studies of the new force and quanta early in the next century. 35 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.

The question has been raised concerning where to put lead shielding to reduce the synchrotron radiation dose to the electronics in the alcoves. Assuming that the alcoves are not near a collimator, the dominant radiation source is synchrotron radiation. Previous calculations indicate that a one-centimeter-thick lead door on the alcove would provide sufficient shielding. It was proposed that a one-half-inch-thick lead door be used (the next available thickness). The door would be roughly 36 square ft and weigh 1150 lbs. The alternative would be to shield the transport line, i.e., the open side of the magnets and the gaps between the magnets. We have done some further calculations concerning the possibilities of shielding the transport lines instead of the alcove. The point of contention in previous discussions is whether synchrotron radiation propagates as a gas down the tunnel or whether it is attenuated rapidly.

This report discusses an AP190L array processor (manufactured by Floating Point Systems of Beaverton, Oregon) interfaced to a PDP-10 (Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Mass.). After AP software installation, an analysis of the overhead was performed. The results of these measurements and some conclusions are presented. An AP monitor and software interface were written to minimize the overhead from the PDP-10. A vector extension to the FORTRAN language called FIVE was developed to increase user access to the AP. Some of the problems associated with defining and implementing FIVE are discussed. Its successes and limitations are reviewed. 2 figures, 2 tables.

To date the most convincing evidence of vibrational solitons in biopolymers has been found in two very disparate systems: Davydov-like excitations in hydrogen-bonded linear chains (acetanilide and N-methylacetamide) which are not biopolymers but plausible structural paradigms for biopolymers, and longitudinal accoustic modes of possibly nonlinear character in biologically viable DNA. 17 refs., 4 figs.

The balance of stable and decaying tracers was incorporated into a latitude-depth ocean circulation model which resolves the major ocean basin and is coupled to an atmospheric energy balance model. The modern distribution of radiocarbon and the analysis of artificial color tracers enabled the census of the deep water masses. We show that good agreement with the observation can be achieved if the surface forcing is modified. The same process could also account for long-term, large-scale changes of the global thermohaline circulation. Uptake rates of carbon are investigated using an inorganic carbon cycle model and performing 2 [times] CO[sub 2]-experiments. We prescribe the industrial evolution of pCO[sub 2] in the atmosphere from 1792 to 1988 and calculate the total flux of carbon into the world ocean. Results are in good agreement with two recent 3-dimensional model simulation. First results using an organic carbon cycle in this model are presented. Changes in the hydrological cycle can stabilize the thermohaline circulation in the Atlantic and enable simulation of climate events resembling the Younger Dryas. By adding the balance of radiocarbon the evolution of its atmospheric concentration is studied during rapid changes of deep ocean ventilation. A resumption of ventilation creates a rapid …

The major effort was concentrated on plant operating modes. The 50 MWe (Net) base case plant conceptual design, developed during the initial effort of this project, was modified to reflect substantially improved turbine-generator efficiencies. A capital cost estimate was prepared for the new base case using the fourth-quarter 1976 price level. Curves showing the geothermal fluid temperature decline with time, for all cases under study, were calculated by Chevron with their reservoir computer model, using input data provided by Bechtel. With this data, curves of required brine flow rate versus time were prepared for the 50,100 and 200 MWe plants that employ the constant power output operating mode. These flow rate curves form the bases for conceptual designs and corresponding capital cost estimates which are the next work items. The capital cost estimates for the Niland multistage-flash/binary plants with and without regeneration were escalated from fourth-quarter 1975 to fourth-quarter 1976.

The requirements definition and a small amount of conceptual layout work which was performed for ERDA to provide assistance to NASA in conjunction with a program to develop advanced heat source assembly designs for use in the Brayton Isotope Power Systems (BIPS) are summarized.

The Phase I Report, Grid ICES, presented the broad alternatives and implications for development of an energy system satisfying thermal demand with the co-generation of electric power, all predicated on the use of solid fuels. Participants of the system are the University of Minnesota, operator and primary thermal user, and Northern States Power Company, primary electrical user; with St. Mary's Hospital, Fairview Hospital, and Augsburg College as Add-on Customers for the thermal service (Option I). Included for consideration are the Options of (II) solid waste disposal by the Pyrolysis Method, with heat recovery, and (III) conversion of a portion of the thermal system from steam to hot water distribution to increase co-generation capability and as a demonstration system for future expansion. This report presents the conceptual design of the energy system and each Option, with the economic implications identified so that selection of the final system can be made. Draft outline of the Environmental Assessment for the project is submitted as a separate report.

By studying the strong uniquess properties of best complex Chebyshev approximations to perturbations of a special class of functions, we show that strong uniqueness is not a generic property when we restrict ourselves to nonoscillatory'' functions. 10 refs.

A methodology for the evaluation of safeguards procedures is described. As presently conceptualized, the methodology will consist of the following steps: (1) expansion of the general protection requirements that are contained in the NRC regulations into more detailed but still generic requirements for use at the working level; (2) development of techniques and formats for using the working-level requirements in an evaluation; (3) development of a technique for converting specific facility protection procedures into a format that will allow comparison with the working-level requirements; (4) development of an evaluation technique for comparing the facility protection procedures to determine if they meet the protection requirements.