A free body diagram of the bellows will show the possibility of three forces -- one in each direction, three moments -- one in each plane, and the internal pressure. Any or all of these forces and moments may fluctuate due to variations in a driving force, e.g., separation of streamlines which creates slugging of flow through an elbow. Whereas the static equilibrium condition can be analyzed and stresses and strains computed, the dynamic condition cannot be approached without information on the magnitude, frequency and location of the exciting force. Having the latter, some evaluation of the stresses to be expected can be made. By combining strains (or stresses) due to the various forces and moments, the point of maximum stress can be located and the point of maximum stress fluctuation for the fatigue cycle-amplitude-range curve can be determined. Further consideration must be given to stress concentrations. With the complete analysis in mind, we must determine how some of these forces and moments effect the tests and delineate what can he expected from the tests. This report considers each force or moment by itself and studies its relationship to the tests.

A survey and re-evaluation of previous work on polyurethane and polyurethane--epoxy copolymer systems was initiated to determine which phases are more productive than others. The effects of varying excess polyol content were studied. Work was carried out to define the amounts of butamediol that the system Adiprene L-213-ferric acetyl acetonate can tolerate and still be thoroughly cured. An experimental diallyl phthalate formulation was made and tested. A survey is being made of potential sources of kilogram quantities of Th/ sup 2//sup 3//sup 0/ in the United States. Analyses of various samples indicated concentrations almost three times as great as previously reported. The half-life of Rain was recalculated to include new data, and the results are reported as a function of the resolution time of the gas flow proportional counter. A method is being developed for determining the coincidence correction in porportional alpha counters by following the decay of a short-lived isotope. Additional determinations were made on the density of liquid cerium by the vacuum pycnometer method using tantalum pycnometers of about 0.5 cm/sup 3/ capacity. The viscosity of molten plutonium metal was investigated from 648 to 950 deg C with a cup viscometer. The construction of the hightemperature colorimeter was …

Generalized computer codes were devised for solving stress problems of some complexity. These codes were applied to stress problsms relating to the graphite moderator elements in the Experimental Gas-cooled Reactor. The stress relief obtained by aubdividing the moderator elements was evaluated. The distontion and bending moments of the elements were also determined. (auth)

During the 0800--1600 shift on July 7, 1960, the delayed neutron monitor on KER Loop 1 indicated a high coolant activity level. Sympathetic responses were also recorded on the Loop 3 and Loop 4 instruments indicating a possible fuel element failure in Loop 1. The KE Reactor began shutdown operations immediately thereafter. The purpose of this report is to summarize the events pertinent to this reactor outage and to discuss the results obtained from coolant samples and a thermocouple wire sample taken from Loop 1.

A total of 455 mlce, rats, gulnea plgs, and rabbits was subjected to lmpact at velocitles ranglng between 25 ft/sec and 51 ft/sec. The deslred velocities were generated by allowlng the anlmals to free-fall from various helghts to a flat concrete pad. The ventral surface of each anlmal was the area of impact. Problt analyses of the 24-hr mortallty data ylelded LD/sub 50/ lmpact veloclties with 95% confldence limits as follows: mouse, 39.4 (37.4 to 42.0) ft/ sec; rat, ft/sec; and rabbit, 31.7 (30.2 to 33.3) ft/sec. The LD/sub 50/ figures for the mouse and rat were slgnificantly higher, statlstically, than those for the gulnea plg and rabblt. The small spread ln the LD/sub 50/ values suggested little variation ln the tolerance of blologlcal systems to impact. Further, the steepness of the mortallty curves lndicated a narrow survlval range to lmpact. Extrapolatlon of the experimental data to the 70 kg anlmal yielded a predicted LD/ sub 50/ impact velocity of 26 ft/sec (18 mph). Literature relevant to the human case was revlewed and the tentative appllcabllity of the predlcted flgures to adult man ls discussed. (auth)

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Descriptions are given of various procedures used in determining leaks in the tubes of the 1B heat exchanger. Air pressurization tests determined leakage and leak rate of nine tubes. The leak-location-detector-probe method was found promising for locating defects along the length of the tube. Results of the probalog, dye-penetrant, and ultrasonic tests proved inconclusive in determining leak locations. (B.O.G.)

The purpose of this study is to determine if a hazardous condition is created by accidental closing of the coolant loop isolation valves�while the reactor is operating.

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Pilot unit Zirflex dissolutions were carried out on near prototypical tube-in-tube type elements clad in oxidized Zircaloy. The runs were made with the elements horizontal and at simulated large scale operating conditions. No significant difference was noted between the actual decladding achieved in these experiments and that which was predicted from prior studies on similarly oxidized elements with somewhat different geometries. No gas blanketing nor diffusion effects were observed. Initially, preferential attack was noted on areas where oxide film had been scratched or handled. However, near the end of a run a random distribution of undissolved cladding existed; 90% of the cladding was removed in 6.5 hours. (auth)

A series of pilot plant runs was conducted to define new cartridges for increasing the capacity in the Purex 1 Bx, 2A, lC and 2E columns and eliminate plastic cartridge failures in the HA column scrub section, the HS column and the 2A column. The most favorable designs are presented and data from the various runs are included. (J.R.D.)

This report, from the Chemical Processing Department at HAPO for January 1961, discusses the following: Production operation; Purex and Redox operation; Finished products operation; maintenance; Financial operations, facilities engineering; research; employee relations; and special separation processing and auxiliaries operation.

A relationship is derived between the mean square fluctuating current of a hot wire anemometer and the six turbulent Reynolds' stresses in the stream- coordinate system without employing the usual low turbulent intensity approximation. The relatively simple result is a consequence of assuming proportionality between the wire current reading and the perpendicular velocity component instead of the nonlinear dependence required by King's law. The assumption is valid for instruments equipped with the proper linearizing circuitry. Tbe stream-coordinate Reynolds' stresses are then related to the cylindrical polar Reynolds' stresses. An error analysis on the experimental determination of ore of these stresses is indicated but cannot be evaluated without fu rther data. (auth)

System curves for each portion of the C Area Water Plant were obtained from referenced work and are presented in figures. Field test data, corroborating the calculated curves, are presented as singular points on the same graphs. Present maxima capacity of the C Area Filter Plant was 121,000 gpm with 118,000 gpm available for use as primary reactor coolant. Modifications to the filter effluent piping would increase this available flow to about 180,000 gpm. Of the 118,000 gpm available for C Reactor use, 10,000 to 12,000 gpm was demanded by B Area through the 183 BC intertie. The maximum flow that the intertie line could handle, without reducing the filter capacity of the C Area filters, is about 21,000 gpm.

The fission products radiostrontium and radiocesium are being recovered for sale, and there is concern about the possibility of revealing irradiation conditions through their compositions. This report presents results of preliminary studies which indicate some possible security problems.

This report presents the results of heat transfer experiments which were conducted to determine the ability of a K-reactor fuel channel assembly to undergo various degrees of coolant supply header pressure decrease without resulting in fuel jacket melting. The experiments were conducted with an electrically heated test section in the single tube prototype Heat Transfer Apparatus of Thermal Hydraulics Operation.

An investigation was made into the various processes for the fixation of mixed fission products as solids in order to determine the extent they could be utilized as heat sources for thermoelectric generators. Generators of up to ten watts can be designed and built with state-of-art'' thermoelectric materials and mixed fission products soon to be available from the ldaho Falls calcination pilot plant. Mixed fission products from other processes and plants to be on stream'' in this decade will be capable of fueling practical generators into the kilowatt range using thermoelectric materials available in the same time period. A survey was made on current research and development eIforts on waste fixation processes. Studies showed that a wide range of power densities (from 0.002 to 0.2 watts per cubic centimeter) will be available from calcined fission product wasted. An experimental program for the consolidation of low density, ldaho Chemical Processing Plant alumina type wastes is reviewed. Preliminary results indicated that densification factors of three to four are readily obtainable for such wastes. Bulk densities of 0.8 g/cc were increased to 2.9 g/cc by selective use of fluxes and cold compacting techniques. This means that power densities of up to.001 w/cc will …

Information on the development of pulse columns for the Purex Process is presented in order to indicate qualitutively the performance attainable with improved cartridge designs, and to show some of the factors involved in scaling up pilot plant results to full plant scale. The pulse columns were designed to produce separated uranium and plutonium products decontaminated by at least a factor of 10>s7/sup /om fission products, with average uranium and plutonium losses of less than 0.2% per column and an overall yield of at least 99% of each product. The five types of behavior observed in pulse columns as a function of throughout rate and pulsing conditions are described. The effects of increasing frequency and throughput rate on pulse column efficiency are shown. The different types of perforated plates and packings investigated for Purex service are discussed. Short cuts, indicated by Purex development studies, that may be taken to provide a suituble column design with a minimum of pilot plant development are described. (M.C.G.)

K area emergency water backup studies have been hampered by poor data on flow through the reactor under various emergency conditions. Various tests have been run where emergency conditions have been simulated and flow measurements attempted. In all previous tests, the accuracy of the flow measurements have been questionable. Flow from the high-pressure crosstie can be measured by an orifice in the crosstie, but there has not been any method of measuring the service water contribution to total reactor flow under simulated emergency conditions. One method of measuring the total reactor flow regardless of its source is to determine the relationship between total flow through the reactor and the bottom of riser pressure. After this relationship has been determined for the flow range of interest, then flow to the reactor can be determined by reading bottom of riser pressure (BORP) and converting that to flow. The objective of this production test was to obtain the relationship between BORP and total reactor flow in the range of 10,000 gpm to 25,000 gpm. An additional objective of this test was to check the accuracy of the No. 2 pump discharge venturi.

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Earlier this year we briefly discussed the potential hazard of incurring an inadvertent uranium fuel element fire during discharge. This letter will provide data which will be of assistance to you in assessing the potential hazard, and in establishing charge-discharge procedures to minimize the probability of an irradiated fuel element lodged in the discharge area reaching aluminum jacket melting temperature without detection.

A nonnuclear explosion involving an evaporator occurred in a shielded cell in the Radiochemical Processing Pilot Plant at Oak Ridge National Laboratory on Nov. 20, 1959. Plutonium was released from the processing cell, probably as an aerosol of fine particles of plutonium oxide. It is probable that this evaporator system had accumulated -1100 g of nitric acid-insoluble plutonium in the steam stripper packing; the explosion released an estimated 150 g inside Cell 6, with about 135 g in the evaporator subcell, and about 15 g in the larger main cell. No radioactive material was released from the ventilation stacks; no contamination of grounds and facilities occurred outside of a relatively small area of OaK Ridge National Laboratory immediately adjacent to the explosion. No one was injured by the explosion, and no one received more than 2% of a lifetime body burden of plutonium or an overexposure to sources of ionizing radiation either at the time of the incident or daring subsequent cleanup operations. The explosion is considerdd to be the result of rapid reaction of nitrated organic compounds formed by the inadvertent nitration of about 14 liters of a proprietary decontaminating reagent. In cleanup the contamination was bonded to the …

In coolant system such as NPR's, the coolant activity level increase with each succeeding pass through the reactor flux until a saturation limit is reached. Therefore, the activity level of the NPR coolant system will be much higher than that of the old reactor once-through systems. This report is the determination of the specific activities (disintegrations/cc{center dot}sec) of the various coolant impurities which determine the total activity of the coolant system. 10 refs., 13 figs., 2 tabs.