The pattern known as churn flow is a highly unsteady pattern with stochastic features and is extremely complex. However, calculations show that for many geothermal wells the condition of churn flow consists over much of the length of the two phase zone. Furthermore, it frequently exists at the surface so that design of separation equipment and surface piping depends on the accurate modelling of this type of flow. It has been the long term purpose of this project to develop physically based models for churn flow which can be used as a basis for predicting holdup, frictional loss and heat transfer rates for this flow pattern in geothermal systems. To achieve this end, it was necessary to develop new methods for measuring the time dependent characteristics of the flow and thus be able to uncover the basic physics of the flow. Models can then be developed based on this understanding which characterizes the flow and equations for holdup, friction and heat transfer evolved.

A moisture barrier using water, sodium silicate, formamide, calcium chloride and penechem with a gel time of one-half hour was constructed around a simulated tank 10 feet deep by 10 feet diameter in the subsurface of the 200 West Area. As a test of the moisture barrier integrity, the volume which would normally be occupied by a tank was excavated and filled with water. The barrier was unable to contain the water. The failure to achieve a water-tight barrier was attributed to a leak in the floor grout.

Technology requirements for mirror hybrid reactors are discussed. The required 120-keV neutral beams can use positive ions. The magnetic fields are 8 T or under and can use NbTi superconductors. The value of Q (where Q is the ratio of fusion power to injection power) should be in the range of 1 to 2 for economic reasons relating to the cost of recirculating power. The wall loading of 14-MeV neutrons should be in the range of 1 to 2 MW/m/sup 2/ for economic reasons. Five-times higher wall loading will likely be needed if fusion reactors are to be economical. The magnetic mirror experiments 2XIIB, TMX, and MFTF are described.

The project consisted of constructing a horizontal solar collector with a small amount of rock storage integrated into the collector air stream. The collected energy was used to dry corn in a 6000 bushel low-temperature drying facility. The collector proved to be economically feasible to build and collected sufficient energy to show a reasonable return on the investment.

This talk briefly reviews three types of time-asymmetry in physics, which I classify as universal, macroscopic and microscopic. Most of the talk is focused on the latter, namely the violation of T-reversal invariance in particle physics theories. In sum tests of microscopic T-invariance, or observations of its violation, are limited by the fact that, while we can measure many processes, only in very few cases can we construct a matched pair of process and inverse process and observe it with sufficient sensitivity to make a test. In both the cases discussed here we can achieve an observable T violation making use of flavor tagging, and in the second case also using the quantum properties of an antisymmetric coherent state of two B mesons to construct a CP-tag. Both these tagging properties depend only on very general properties of the flavor and/or CP quantum numbers and so provide model independent tests for T-invariance violations. The microscopic laws of physics are very close to T-symmetric. There are small effects that give CP- and T-violating processes in three-generation-probing weak decays. Where a T-violating observable can be constructed we see the relationships between T-violation and CP-violation expected in a CPT conserving theory. These microscopic …

“Molecular dissection of the roles of the SOD genes in mammalian response to low dose irradiation " was started on 09/01/03 and ended on 08/31/07. The primary objective of the project was to carry out mechanistic studies of the roles of the anti-oxidant SOD genes in mammalian cellular response to low dose ionizing radiation.

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This letter transmits, for information, the Project Prometheus Space Nuclear Power Plant (SNPP) Pre-Conceptual Design Report completed by the Naval Reactors Prime Contractor Team (NRPCT). This report documents the work pertaining to the Reactor Module, which includes integration of the space nuclear reactor with the reactor radiation shield, energy conversion, and instrumentation and control segments. This document also describes integration of the Reactor Module with the Heat Rejection segment, the Power Conditioning and Distribution subsystem (which comprise the SNPP), and the remainder of the Prometheus spaceship.

The Manufactured Home Energy Audit (MHEA) is a software tool that predicts manufactured home energy consumption and recommends weatherization retrofit measures. It was developed to assist local weatherization agencies working with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance Program. Whether new or experienced, employed within or outside the Weatherization Assistance Program, all users can benefit from incorporating MHEA into their manufactured home weatherization programs. DOE anticipates that the state weatherization assistance programs that incorporate MHEA into their programs will find significant growth in the energy and cost savings achieved from manufactured home weatherization. The easy-to-use MHEA uses a relatively standard Windows graphical interface for entering simple inputs and provides understandable, usable results. The user enters information about the manufactured home construction, heating equipment, cooling equipment appliances, and weather site. MHEA then calculates annual energy consumption using a simplified building energy analysis technique. Weatherization retrofit measures are evaluated based on the predicted energy savings after installation of the measure, the measure cost, and the measure life. Finally, MHEA recommends retrofit measures that are energy and cost effective for the particular home being evaluated. MHEA evaluates each manufactured home individually and takes into account local weather conditions, retrofit measure costs, and …

We report orientation-specific, surface-sensitive structural characterization of colloidal CdSe nanorods with extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and ab-initio density functional theory calculations. Our measurements of crystallographically-aligned CdSe nanorods show that they have reconstructed Cd-rich surfaces. They exhibit orientation-dependent changes in interatomic distances which are qualitatively reproduced by our calculations. These calculations reveal that the measured interatomic distance anisotropy originates from the nanorod surface.

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The collaboration between Mark Fink (Tulane University) and R. Morris Bullock (Brookhaven National Laboratory, currently at PNL) is an effort to understand some of the fundamental processes involved in catalytic bond activations with low coordinate palladium species. The project involves the photochemical generation of reactive low-valent palladium species as transients using nanosecond laser flash photolysis and the subsequent investigation of their reactions with chloroarenes and hydrosilanes. In the case of Si-H activation of hydrosilanes, relatively long-lived sigma complexes are implicated. These complexes may be important models for C-H activation in hydrocarbons. The information obtained from these studies will help in the understanding of fundamental processes involved in a number of important catalytic reactions in the petrochemical and environmental areas.

Suppose that we are given two probability densities p{sub 0}(E{prime}) and p{sub 1}(E{prime}) for the energy E{prime} of an outgoing particle, p{sub 0}(E{prime}) corresponding to energy E{sub 0} of the incident particle and p{sub 1}(E{prime}) corresponding to incident energy E{sub 1}. If E{sub 0} < E{sub 1}, the problem is how to define p{sub {alpha}}(E{prime}) for intermediate incident energies E{sub {alpha}} = (1 - {alpha})E{sub 0} + {alpha}E{sub 1} with 0 < {alpha} < 1. In this note the author considers three ways to do it. They begin with unit-base interpolation, which is standard in ENDL and is sometimes used in ENDF. They then describe the equiprobable bins used by some Monte Carlo codes. They then close with a discussion of interpolation by corresponding-points, which is commonly used in ENDF.

We study the microbunching instability in a bunch compressor by a parallel code with some improved numerical algorithms. The two-dimensional charge/current distribution is represented by a Fourier series, with coefficients determined through Monte Carlo sampling over an ensemble of tracked points. This gives a globally smooth distribution with low noise. The field equations are solved accurately in the lab frame using retarded potentials and a novel choice of integration variables that eliminates singularities. We apply the scheme with parameters for the first bunch compressor system of FERMI{at}Elettra, with emphasis on the amplification of a perturbation at a particular wavelength. Gain curves agree with those of the linearized Vlasov model at long wavelengths, but show some deviation at the smallest wavelengths treated.

We have investigated all-optical modulators in gallium arsenide integrated optical waveguides; these modulators use electron-hole pair generation to alter the propagation characteristics of a guided light beam. 6 refs., 6 figs.

This document describes the interests and capabilities of Oak Ridge National Laboratory in their proposals to support the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Engineering Test Reactor (ETR) project. Five individual proposals are cataloged separately. (FI)

Work on this project is focused on developing design and licensing information for the model facility. Facility modification designs and studies scheduled in 1980 have been completed with a draft report forwarded to DOE for review. Subcontracts for additional rack design analysis to include disassembled fuel were approved by DOE in late December and will be completed in mid-April. Essentially all the security design and licensing documentation work have been completed with the major effort remaining being editorial.

This paper presents theoretical and experimental findings on fibrous filters converted to electrostatic operation by a nonionizing electric field. Compared to a conventional fibrous filter, the electrostatic filter has a higher efficiency and a longer, useful life. The increased efficiency is attributed to a time independent attraction between polarized fibers and charged, polarized particles and a time dependent attraction between charged fibers and charged, polarized particles. The charge on the fibers results from a dynamic process of charge accumulation due to the particle deposits and a charge dissipation due to the fiber conductivity.

The various Monte Carlo methods for calculating ground state energies are briefly reviewed. Then a summary of the charged systems that have been studied with Monte Carlo is given. These include the electron gas, small molecules, a metal slab and many-body hydrogen.

Legal issues affecting ownership of the geopressured resources were examined. It was concluded that consideration of royalty interests indicates that the greatest promise for geothermal resource development would be offered if the geopressured resources were held to be entirely mineral in character. Further, the energy of the geopressured water should be held to be embraced by the standard term other minerals. (MHR)

Cerous (III) polymethacrylate (CPMA), prepared by saponifying a commercial polymethyl methacrylate (PLEXIGLAS) and subsequently neutralized with cerous nitrate, were cast into film from its ethyl acetate solution. CPMA films were subjected to intense uv radiation in order to accelerate the solarization, and they were found to be substantially less susceptible to uv induced degradation than the control which was the film cast from polymethacrylic acid (PMA). A set of CPMA coated PLEXIGLAS films were then tested by the same method and the films with coating thickness of 5..mu.. were inhibitory to uv degradation although the surface density of cerous ion was not uniform. A solar simulator has been installed and calibrated, and initial optical and aging measurements have been made on a series of CPMA PLEXIGLASS films. An automated solarization test system is in the process of being installed.

The workshop was called to assess the performance of neutron dosimetry per the responses from ten DOE accelerator facilities to an Office of Energy Research questionnaire regarding implementation of a personnel dosimetry requirement in DRAFT DOE 5480.ACC, Safety of Accelerator Facilities''. The goals of the workshop were to assess the state of dosimetry at high energy accelerators and if such dosimetry requires improvement, to reach consensus on how to proceed with such improvements. There were 22 attendees, from DOE Programs and contract facilities, DOE, Office of Energy Research (ER), Office of Environmental Safety and Health (EH), Office of Fusion Energy, and the DOE high energy accelerator facilities. A list of attendees and the meeting agenda are attached. Copies of the presentations are also attached.

A safety evaluation has been conducted for the Mixed Waste Storage Building (MWSB) at the Savannah River Site. The results of this evaluation are compared with those contained in the Burial Ground Safety Analysis Report (SAR). The MWSB will function as an interim storage facility for Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulated mixed waste. It will meet all applicable standards set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the South Carolina Department of Health and Environment Control (SCDHEC), and Department of Energy (DOE) Orders.

Cerium sulfate purified by D2EHPA in Semiworks can be precipitated by adjusting pH to between 1 and 2 in tank 6 with 50% caustic. The solution can then be transferred through tank 1 to tank 67, where sodium bisulfate is added to make the solution 0.5M sulfate. A stoichiometric amount (mole for mole) of 50% caustic is added to just neutralize the sodium bisulfate. The precipitate is digested one hour at 60 C, then filtered.