A compilation of data is presented for all United States commercial nuclear power plants for which a construction permit application was made through the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The data are compiled in four separate tables with cross-referencing indexes: Table 1--General Data; Table 2--Reactor Data; Table 3--Site Data, and Table 4--Circulating-Water System Data. The power plants are listed in numerical order by docket number in all four tables.

Two low-power solid-state prototype readout units were developed, an LED display and a LCD display. This display output was in a bar-graph format, covering four-decades of information, with 10-segments per decade. The displays accept a frequency input, which is standardly available from several portable radiation-survey instruments. Both readout units will operate on two D-cell batteries (3.0 Volt), with a typical current drain requirement of 0.3 MA for the LED display and 30..mu..A for the LCD display. A wide-range electrometer circuit was also developed. The circuit covers an input current range from 10/sup -13/ A to 10/sup -8/ A. The output signal is a pulse whose frequency is directly proportional to input current. The circuit requires no high-megohm resistors, and is autoranging. Several candidate input amplifiers were analyzed and evaluated for use with the electrometer circuit.

A study was made of the methods available to transfer heat from the collector to the water storage tank in water heating systems. In counterflow heat exchangers used in double loop water heating systems, it was found to be more important to use a high water flowrate than a high heat transfer fluid flowrate. It was earlier thought to be best to have matched WC/sub p/ (mass flowrate-specific heat) products in the loops. It was shown in this study that the water WC/sub p/ product should be about twice as large as that of the heat transfer fluid. It was found that neither the heat exchanger type nor the size was very critical, so that very simple criteria were adequate in determining optimum heat exchanger size. It was found that there is a definite system size below which one should use a traced tank or a coil in a tank. Equations and optimization criteria were developed for traced tanks or tanks with coils. At present, there is no quantitative understanding of liquid to liquid (direct contact) heat exchangers, though they are clearly quite effective. Draindown systems are discussed, and several appendices are included on heat transfer and other characteristics of …

Observations on the effects of the solar cycle and solar activity on the earth's climate are reviewed. (GHT)

The status of negative ion based neutral beam systems is reviewed. Methods of generating the negative ions of the hydrogen isotopes and the handling and acceleration of these ions are considered. The status of plans for stripping the ions and for constructing beam systems are included.

Important advances have been made in five technical areas during this quarter: topological investigations of film materials and cells, characterization of current transport and collection in Cu/sub 2/S/CdS cells, preparation and application of small area film cells, correlation of photoresponse image and structural features in film cells and means of preparing (CdZn)S alloy films. The use of potassium cyanide etching of Cu/sub 2/S layers on polycrystalline CdS films defined areas 1 to 5 ..mu..m across with the latter covering 30 to 50% of the surfaces studied. Large grains may strongly reduce short circuit current levels. Laser scanned photocurrent response of tapered Cu/sub 2/S layers on single crystal CdS has been refined to directly treat photocurrent-transmission data, allowing more firm estimates of lifetime, surface recombination velocity and heterojunction collection efficiency. Delineation of small area film cells has been done successfully using photolithographic methods. As used, these methods have no deleterious influence on cell behavior. With arrays of small cells on a single substrate it was possible to establish that increased junction opposing current (lower V/sub OC/) results from longer immersions in CuCl during Cu/sub 2/S formation. Patterns of high response in laser-scanned photocurrent images have been correlated with SEM images of …

We discuss the statics and dynamics of large scale nuclear collective motion, with special emphasis on very-heavy-ion reactions. Compound-nucleus cross sections are calculated by use of the criterion that the dynamical trajectory for the fusing system must pass inside the fission saddle point in a multidimensional space in order to form a compound nucleus. In an effort to understand whether nuclear dissipation is dominated by two-body collisions or by the interaction of particles with the mean field generated by the remaining particles, we compare the predictions of various macroscopic approaches with those of time-dependent mean-field (Hartree-Fock) theories.

An analysis was made of the potential usefulness of land-use-related data, the availability of relevant information in the literature, and potential approaches for data collection. This volume describes the results of the analysis, while Volume II contains technical backup materials. Chapter 2 discusses the issue of community classification: questions of classification and aggregation have been the most significant technical issues faced on the project, since they strongly affect the accuracy and usefulness of any data that are developed. Chapter 3 is concerned with consistency of accounting, primarily in the measurement of energy use. Transportation patterns, energy-transmission losses, and energy embodied in materials and structure can all be assigned to various land uses in a number of ways, and it is important to perform the assignment in a way that is valuable for the policies being evaluated. Thus, Chapter 3 forms the structure for the dependent variables of the system: the various types and patterns of energy use, while Chapter 2 describes the structure of the independent variables, which are the land-use patterns described, plus other factors such as climate. Chapter 4 takes these two structures and presents computations of energy use for the various patterns of land uses, based on …

The purpose of this work was to develop a catalyst which would methanate a gasified-coal stream without prior sulfur removal. Fifty-eight activity tests have been completed on forty-nine different catalyst compositions which were studied as sulfur-resistant methanation catalysts. Most of the base-metal catalytically-active, transition elements were used to prepare the catalysts. These metals were combined or used singly with carriers such as alumina, silica, chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium silicate, and magnesium aluminate to provide the test catalysts for this work. In addition, a number of catalysts of identical chemical composition were prepared by several formulation methods. Test conditions, including temperature, gas composition, and steam levels were varied during the course of the work and computer data processing was used to analyze the test results. Two catalysts, namely nickel and chromium on magnesium silicate and nickel and chromium on magnesium aluminate, converted all of the carbon monoxide and part of the carbon dioxide to methane at 500/sup 0/F when reduced with only hydrogen and no sulfur in the process gas. This is equivalent to the performance of nickel-SNG type methanation catalysts. After sulfiding, the nickel--chromium on magnesium silicate catalyst retained a 60 to 80% methanation activity at 1100/sup 0/F with …

Progress is reported on the following: the firewood demand survey, the firewood suppliers survey; firewood management assistance; and marketing mechanism analysis. (MHR)

The results of threshold evaluations performed on several INDUS technologies which were competed with other new and conventional industrial technologies in the Industrial Sector Technology Use Model (ISTUM) developed by EEA are summarized. The ISTUM model is briefly described and includes the input technology categories and service sectors treated in the model, and the solution technique used. The input data specifications are summaried for the Industry Conservation Technologies run in the ISTUM base case. Included are listings of the technologies run in ISTUM, those not run in ISTUM, and a discussion of the absence of a retrofit algorithm in ISTUM and its resulting impact on conservation technologies. Also included is a discussion of the capital cost variability, maximum market fraction, size and load factors and data quality specifications for the conservation technologies in ISTUM. The results of the ISTUM base case run are presented, describing the important limitations and constraints of the base case run, the key assumptions inherent in the base case, and the summarized results of energy savings by year for different generic technology types. The technology characterization data developed for each INDUS technology run in the ISTUM base case are discussed in detail. The descriptions include the …

The hydrothermal stability of high-level nuclear wastes is an important consideration in establishing waste form acceptance criteria for a geological repository in basalt. A detailed examination of the stability of a typical simulated high-level waste glass and pressurized water at 300/sup 0/C in a closed system has shown that extensive reaction occurred within a few weeks. The water acted first as a catalyst-solvent in devitrification of the glass and in dissolution, transport, and recrystallization of some of its constituents, and, second, as a reactant in forming hydrated and hydroxylated phases. This reaction with water resulted in the conversion of a solid shard of glass into a fragmented and partially dispersed mass of crystalline and noncrystalline material plus dissolved species within two weeks. The major crystalline reaction products were found to be analogs of naturally occurring minerals: (Cs,Na,Rb)/sub 2/(UO/sub 2/)/sub 2/.(Si/sub 2/O/sub 5/)/sub 3/.4H/sub 2/O (weeksite) and a series of pyroxene-structure phases, (Na,Ca) (Fe,Zn,Ti)Si/sub 2/O/sub 6/ (acmite, acmite--augites). Weeksite, however, is not expected to have long-term stability in the basalt environment. Much of the Na and Mo, and almost all of the B, in the original glass was identified in the product solutions. Of the elements or analogs of long-lived, hazardous …

This report documents the recirculation flow analyses for the Intermediate-Size Inducer Pump (ISIP), from which the primary flowrates through the pump were obtained. The front and rear impeller labyrinth seals, which incorporate stepped pockets with slanted and rounded ribs were checked. These seal design features should minimize the impeller labyrinth seal leakages and also provide excellent shutoff head characteristics.

Infrared nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are described that have a good potential for providing valuable data concerning solar cell or panel characteristics without requiring contact with the photovoltaic device. Preliminary tests with cells and panels were conducted and the infrared NDT results are presented and discussed. (MHR)

The air in certain work areas at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant is monitored for selected radionuclides to assure safety from toxic effects to personnel in the area. Some of the radionuclides that are determined are shown with their Radiation Protection Standard (RPS) values by means of a table. The RPS is the maximum average airborne contamination to which personnel may be exposed for one week without respiratory protection and is expressed as disintegrations per minute (dpm) per cubic meter (m/sup 3/) of air. It is desirable to make reliable measurements at a level which is 10% of the RPS to ensure that the detection limits are well below the RPS. Thorium, neptunium, plutonium, and uranium all have alpha emitting isotopes and it is their alpha activity which is measured. Results are tabulated.

CCTV-MTI (closed circuit television--moving target indicator) monitors represent typical components of access control systems, as for example in a material control and accounting (MC and A) safeguards system. This report describes a performance model for a CCTV-MTI monitor. The performance of a human in an MTI role is a separate problem and is not addressed here. This work was done in conjunction with the NRC sponsored LLL assessment procedure for MC and A systems which is presently under development. We develop a noise model for a generic camera system and a model for the detection mechanism for a postulated MTI design. These models are then translated into an overall performance model. Measures of performance are probabilities of detection and false alarm as a function of intruder-induced grey level changes in the protected area. Sensor responsivity, lens F-number, source illumination and spectral response were treated as design parameters. Some specific results are illustrated for a postulated design employing a camera with a Si-target vidicon. Reflectance or light level changes in excess of 10% due to an intruder will be detected with a very high probability for the portion of the visible spectrum with wavelengths above 500 nm. The resulting false alarm …

The retrospective evaluation methodology is being developed to monitor progress in energy conservation projects and to evaluate their success at completion. The criteria for evaluation will vary according to the project, the anticipated role that the federal government expects to play in development and commercialization, and the level of technology development. Evaluation guidelines are presented and their application is illustrated using a residential water heater refit kit; energy conservation in restaurants; and a national infrared thermography program. (MCW)

The Geothermal Development Program at Lawrence Livermore Lboratory has produced several novel expanders for liquids of low to medium temperatures (approx. 180/sup 0/C). A unique radial outflow reaction turbine (RORT) has been developed and laboratory-tested; results indicate that 50% engine efficiency is achievable. This work has led to a new concept called the velocity pump reaction turbine (VPRT), which could significantly increase the gross engine efficiency of the RORT, VPRT and its modifications are a unique family of turbines created specifically for expanding liquids to produce shaft work at potential engine efficiencies of up to 70%. Such devices, if used between the two separation stages of a double-flash system, could increase the overall power output by 15 to 20%, reducing power costs by at least 10% for about a 3% increase in capital costs. Geothermal applications are discussed with emphasis on geopressured resources. Also, these machines are suitable for utilizing solar heated fluids and waste heat sources from industrial processes.

The limits of blade tolerances are defined. The standard blades are T-2 thickness tolerance: T-O blades are unacceptable. Further testing is necessary to demonstrate feasibility or infeasibility of T-1 blades. Good results have been obtained by using a slurry fluid consisting of mineral oil and a lubricity additive. Cost would be about $0.25 per gallon per run, 1/4 of the cost goal. Adjustments of the formulation and fine tuning of the cutting process with the new fluid are necessary. Test results and consultation indicate that the blade breakage encountered with water based slurries is unavoidable. Two full capacity (974 wafer) runs have been made on the large prototype saw. Both runs resulted in extremely low yield, however, the reasons for the low yields were lack of proper technique rather than problems with machine function. Finally, the tests on the effect of amount of material etched off of an as-sawn wafer on solar cell efficiency have been completed. The results agree with previous work at JPL in that the minimum material removed per side that gives maximum efficiency is on the order of 10 ..mu..m.

The retrospective evaluation methodology, designed to measure the accomplishments of the Buildings and Community Systems projects that are either on-going or completed, is described. The Threshold Screening system and risk analysis methodologies are briefly described. The result of the addition of the retrospective (in-process) evaluation methodology to the threshold/risk analysis and resource allocation methodology is one system by which a project can be screened when it is proposed, monitored in its development, and evaluated at its completion. This report describes the methodology at this early point in its development.

Progress in the development of LMFBR breeding blanket design parameters is reported under the following headings: an improved Dancoff factor prescription and breed/burn blanket management.

Using surface traces, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy, Ti-, Co-, Ni-, and Fe-base alloys were evaluated for erosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) after exposure at about 104{sup 0}C to the nozzle exhaust from acidified geothermal brine. Examples of erosion, SCC, and corrosion are shown. Results are evaluated in terms of synergism between erosion, corrosion, and stress. Repassivation kinetics might play a key role in the formation and growth of erosion cavities. Of the materials tested, the Ti-base alloys appear to have the best combination of resistance to SCC and erosion/corrosion in high-salinity, highly mineralized, acidified, two-phase nozzle exhaust.

This study examines and analyzes several classes of incidents in which decision makers are confronted with adversaries. The classes are analogous to adversaries in a material control system in a nuclear facility. Both internal threats (bank frauds and embezzlements) and external threats (aircraft hijackings and hostage-type terrorist events were analyzed. (DLC)

Fluidized bed incineration and waste immobilization processes are being developed to process the types of waste expected from nuclear facilities. An air classification system has been developed to separate tramp metal from shredded combustible solid waste prior to the waste being fed to a fluidized-bed pilot-plant incinerator. Used organic ion exchange resin with up to 55 percent water has been effectively burned in the fluidized bed incinerator. Various methods of feeding waste into the incinerator were investigated as alternatives to the present compression screw; an extrusion ram was found to suffer extensive damage from hard particles in tested waste. A bench-scale continuous waste immobilization process has been operated and has produced glass from incinerator residue and other types of waste materials.