The results of an accurate determination of the recoil spectrum from (n, ..gamma..) reactions in molybdenum are presented. The recoil spectrum has been calculated from nuclear level structure data and measured branching ratios. Angular correlations between successive gammas have been accounted for using the standard theoretical techniques of Racah algebra and the density matrix formalism.

The types of tests performed in SPERT-I, and the tests proposed for SPERT-II and -III, are described. These reactors are described, and factors influencing their dynamic behavior are discussed. The tests are classed as static, step, ramp, and oscillatory. The correlation between the test results and the reactor dynamic safety characteristics (stability, self-shutdown under excursion conditions, etc.) is investigated. (T.F.H.)

The overall goal of this program is to provide the basis for designing a practical electrochemical solar cell based on the II-VI compound semiconductors. Emphasis is on developing new electrolyte redox systems and electrode surface modifications which will stabilize the II-VI compounds against photodissolution without seriously degrading the long-term solar response. The bulk electrode material properties are also being optimized to provide the maximum solar conversion efficiency and greatest inherent electrode stability. Factors limiting the short circuit current of the n-CdSe/methanol/ferro-ferricyanide system to 17.5 mA/cm/sup 2/ have been identified. The principal limiting factor is apparently specific adsorption of hexacyanoferrate species on the electrode surface which occurs at higher redox couple concentrations and slows the overall charge transfer process. Ion pairing also occurs, resulting in a low mass transport rate (smaller diffusion coefficients and increased solution viscosity), and probably enhances the degree of specific adsorption. Improvements in the performance of this system will require mitigation of the interactions between the redox species and the electrode surface, e.g., via electrolytes with reduced ion-pairing tendencies or the use of electrode surface films. Photoelectrochemically generated polypyrrole films have been shown to protect CdX photoanodes from dissolution while permitting electron exchange with the electrolyte. Current …

The current legislative activity covers the following: federal funds, state financial incentives, air quality bills, transmission line access, state energy agency reorganization, and state energy taxes. Current regulatory activities of the California Energy Commission, and the Lake County Air Pollution Control District are reviewed. (MHR)

The perturbation of off-energy functions in the arcs affects the SLC performance in two ways. First of all, it introduces additional emittance blow-up in the arcs through synchrotron radiation loss. Secondly, if the perturbation is too large, the chromatic correction in the final focus cannot completely suppress the eta at IP resulting in a larger beam size. Both effects reduce the luminosity. In this report an analysis is made of the disturbances to the horizontal eta-function generated by imperfections in the arcs ad their effects are estimated.

The extensions of the physics and engineering guidelines for the ITER device needed for acceptable operating points for a steady-state tokamak power reactor are examined. Non-inductive current drive is provided in steady state by high-energy neutral-beam injection in the plasma core, lower-hybrid slow waves in the outer regions of the plasma and (30%) bootstrap current. Three different levels of extension of the ITER physics/engineering guide-lines, with differing assumptions on the possible plasma beta, elongation and aspect ratio, are considered for power-reactor applications. Plasma gain, Q/sub p/ = fusion power/input power, in excess of 20 and average neutron wall fluxes from 2.3 to 3.6 MW/m/sup 2/ are predicted in devices with major radii varying from 7.0 to 6.0 m and aspect ratios from 2.9 to 4. 3. Peak divertor heat fluxes range up to 12.2 MW/m/sup 2/ which is somewhat higher than the current ITER design limit of 10 MW/m/sup 2/ with a magnetically swept divertor. These designs were selected on the basis of improvements in physics/engineering consistent with time scales for development of future reactors. The design re-optimization on the basis of cost-of-electricity (COE) was then examined using a reactor systems model. This analysis generally verified the original estimates for …

Three types of chemically and functionally different thermoplastic polymers have been chosen for evaluation with the fly ash derived filler: high density polyethylene (HDPE), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The selections were based on volumes consumed in commercial and recycled products. The reference filler selected for comparison was 3 {micro}m calcium carbonate, a material which is commonly used with all three types of polymers. A procedure to prepare filled polymers has been developed and the polymer/filler blends have been prepared. Selected samples of filled polymers were subjected to SEM analysis to verify that the fly ash derived filler and the calcium carbonate were well dispersed. Material taken from a utility ash pond was classified using a novel combination of hydraulic and lamellar classifiers to produce an ultra-fine ash product. This product was dried and used in a series of tests to determine its potential as a filler in plastics. The general properties of the ultra-fine ash from several runs are as follows: D{sub 50}: 3-5 {micro}m; Specific gravity: {approx}2.41; Loss on ignition: 2-3%; Carbon content: 1-2%; Color: dark grey on content: 1-2%; and Morphology: spherical. The addition of fillers increased the modulus of the HDPE composite, but decreased …

We have compared the Seismic Location Base Model (SLBM) tessellated model (version 2.0 Beta, posted July 3, 2007) with the GNEMRE Unified Model. The comparison is done on a layer/depth-by-layer/depth and layer/velocity-by-layer/velocity comparison. The SLBM earth model is defined on a tessellation that spans the globe at a constant resolution of about 1 degree (Ballard, 2007). For the tests, we used the earth model in file ''unified{_}iasp.grid''. This model contains the top 8 layers of the Unified Model (UM) embedded in a global IASP91 grid. Our test queried the same set of nodes included in the UM model file. To query the model stored in memory, we used some of the functionality built into the SLBMInterface object. We used the method get InterpolatedPoint() to return desired values for each layer at user-specified points. The values returned include: depth to the top of each layer, layer velocity, layer thickness and (for the upper-mantle layer) velocity gradient. The SLBM earth model has an extra middle crust layer whose values are used when Pg/Lg phases are being calculated. This extra layer was not accessed by our tests. Figures 1 to 8 compare the layer depths, P velocities and P gradients in the UM …

This report describes the status of the initial TMX Upgrade diagnostics and the state of development of additional diagnostics being prepared for later TMX Upgrade experiments. The initial diagnostic instrument set has been described in the TMX Upgrade Proposal. This set is required to get TMX Upgrade operational and to evaluate its initial performance. Additional diagnostic instruments are needed to then carry out the more detailed experiments outlined by the TMX Upgrade program milestones. The relation of these new measurements to the physics program is described in The TMX Upgrade Program Plan.

The primary objective of this work was to demonstrate that copper silver selenide and TAGS could be segmented. The hot junction temperature was planned to be 725/sup 0/C with the segmentation temperature at 400/sup 0/C, both temperatures were selected to prevent excessive sublimation from the hot ends of the segments, respectively. The program was planned as a cooperative effort between General Atomic company and Teledyne Energy Systems. Accordingly, General Atomic synthesized the CuAgSe that was used to fabricate the test hardware that was ultimately delivered to General Atomic for testing. Both the CuAgSe and TAGS were hot pressed in an argon atmosphere then the segments were furnace-bonded to each other. A secondary objective was to produce CuAgSe powder by rapid solidification.

A study of depository recharge and repressurization has been reviewed. Specific consideration has been given to the validity of two initial assumptions in that study. The first was a decision to ignore lateral flow and end effects into the depository. The second was a decision to ignore thermal effects. The review has been made with particular concern to assessing the sufficiency of the Golder model for estimation of worst-case (minimum) recharge-repressurization time (RRT) in a bedded salt depository. It has been concluded that several errors by Golder may have little net effect on this worst case scenario. Combination of lateral flow and thermal effects may, however, reduce the value of the Golder model for estimation of minimum RRT in a bedded salt facility. Several subjects for further model development are suggested, though the availability of data to support such models is not addressed.

Passive solar heating was used in a still in which a packed column packed with popped popcorn separates the alcohol and water vapors. The still's performance was not satisfactory, and it is concluded that passive solar heating could have been better used to preheat makeup water for the fermentation process and to maintain proper fermentation temperatures during the winter. (LEW)

Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) is conducting research on the seismic risk of nuclear power plants through the Seismic Safety Margins Research Program (SSMRP). Phase I of the SSMRP will include a study of an existing plant and site. Results are presented of a study of existing and planned nuclear power plants in the United States. Selection criteria were developed and a recommendation for a specific plant for the SSMRP Phase I effort is given. Power plant characteristics including types of nuclear steam supply steam, containment structure, electric power capacity, geographic location, site seismicity, and foundation soil properties were evaluated.

A simplified set of field equations for a paraxial relativistic electron beam is presented. These equations for the beam electrostatic potential phi and pinch potential Phi identical to A/sub z/ - phi retain previously neglected time-dependent terms and for axisymmetric beams reduce exactly to Maxwell's equations.

In order to raise the threshold beam current of instabilities in the fixed target run, it is required to increase the longitudinal emittance, and hence the bunch length. The bunch spreader used a noise generator through a sharp-cut ban pass filter (BPF) instead of a coherent signal. In that filter, the pass band frequency was near twice the synchrotron frequency 2f/sub s/. The bandwidth of the filter was fixed between 350Hz and 600Hz, though twice the synchrotron frequency changed from 500Hz to 300Hz after transition in Main Ring. The noise through the filter is applied to an RF amplitude modulator. In the Tevatron, where the synchrotron frequency f/sub s/ varies from 120Hz to 40Hz during acceleration, the noise is applied to a phase shifter at the frequency of f/sub s/. So, we need a tunable filter which tracks 2f/sub s/ in the Main Ring and f/sub s/ in the Tevatron. This note describes details of improved bunch spreader modules using a tunable filter used in both the Main Ring and the Tevatron. A brief description about this module along with a beam test done in the Main Ring is shown. 3 refs., 6 figs.

This document sets forth recommendations for a verification program to test the ability of operational nuclear power plants to achieve safe shutdown immediately following a safe-shutdown earthquake. The purpose of the study is to develop a program plan to provide assurance by physical demonstration that nuclear power plants are earthquake resistant and to allow nuclear power plant operators to (1) decide whether tests should be conducted on their facilities, (2) specify the tests that should be performed, and (3) estimate the cost of the effort to complete the recommended test program.

Beryllium has interesting applications in magnetic fusion experimental machines and future power-producing fusion reactors. Chief among the properties of beryllium that make these applications possible is its ability to act as a neutron multiplier, thereby increasing the tritium breeding ability of energy conversion blankets. Another property, the behavior of beryllium in a 14-MeV neutron environment, has not been fully investigated, nor has the creep behavior of beryllium been studied in an energetic neutron flux at thermodynamically interesting temperatures. This small beryllium pressure vessel could be charged with gas to test pressures around 3, 000 psi to produce stress in the metal of 15,000 to 20,000 psi. Such stress levels are typical of those that might be reached in fusion blanket applications of beryllium. After contacting R. Powell at HEDL about including some of the pressure vessels in future test programs, we sent one sample pressure vessel with a pressurizing tube attached (Fig. 1) for burst tests so the quality of the diffusion bond joints could be evaluated. The gas used was helium. Unfortunately, budget restrictions did not permit us to proceed in the creep test program. The purpose of this engineering note is to document the lessons learned to date, …

The study was undertaken to determine the economic viability of surface mining to exploit the reserves. It is based on resource information already developed for NOSR 1 and conceptual designs of mining systems compatible with this resource. Environmental considerations as they relate to surface mining have been addressed qualitatively. The conclusions on economic viability were based primarily on mining costs projected from other industries using surface mining. An analysis of surface mining for the NOSR 1 resource was performed based on its particular overburden thickness, oil shale thickness, oil shale grade, and topography. This evaluation considered reclamation of the surface as part of its design and cost estimate. The capital costs for mining 25 GPT and 30 GPT shale and the operating costs for mining 25 GPT, 30 GPT, and 35 GPT shale are presented. The relationship between operating cost and stripping ratio, and the break-even stripping ratio (BESR) for surface mining to be competitive with room-and-pillar mining, are shown. Identification of potential environmental impacts shows that environmental control procedures for surface mining are more difficult to implement than those for underground mining. The following three areas are of prime concern: maintenance of air quality standards by disruption, movement, and …

This report summarizes the water pathway portion of the first phase of the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project, conducted by Battelle staff at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory under the direction of an independent Technical Steering Panel. The HEDR Project is estimating radiation doses that could have been received by the public from the Department of Energy's Hanford Site, in southeastern Washington State. Phase 1 of the water-pathway dose reconstruction sought to determine whether dose estimates could be calculated for populations in the area from above the Hanford Site at Priest Rapids Dam to below the site at McNary Dam from January 1964 to December 1966. Of the potential sources of radionuclides from the river, fish consumption was the most important. Later phases of the HEDR Project will address dose estimates for periods other than 1964--1966 and for populations downstream of McNary Dam. 17 refs., 20 figs., 1 tab.

This paper discusses the use of fluorescent screens for the measurement of beam profiles on non-circulating particle beams. An expression for the intensity of the beam profile as a function of phosphor thickness is given. 3 refs., 8 figs.

Boron solution circulated through special poison tubes to achieve more variable control of neutron flattening'' was tested in the 100-DR Hanford reactor. About 2700 gallons of irradiated waste Ink solution from Production Test 105-529-A was discharged to an underground crib at 100-DR, after radiochemical analyses and evaluation of radiation protection aspects by the Radiological Sciences Department. In case the Ink method is considered for production use at Hanford in the future, further biological and biophysical study is recommended to determine whether irradiated waste Ink solution may be disposed of into the Columbia River, into the ground near the river, or into the ground several miles from the river. 10 refs, 2 tabs.

One of the end plug configurations we have investigated for use in a tandem mirror reactor is the axisymmetric cusp. We show that because of non-adiabaticity, the containment of 3.5 MeV alpha particles in this configuration is insufficient for the attainment of acceptable plasma performance.

For more than 40 years, the US government made plutonium for nuclear weapons at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. Radioactive materials were released to both the air and water from Hanford. People could have been exposed to these materials, called radionuclides. The Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project is a multi-year scientific study to estimate the radiation doses the public may have received as a results of these releases. The study began in 1988. During the first phase, scientists began to develop and test methods for reconstructing the radiation doses. To do this, scientists found or reconstructed information about the amount and type of radionuclides that were released from Hadford facilities, where they traveled in environment, and how they reached people. Information about the people who could have been exposed was also found or reconstructed. Scientists then developed a computer model that can estimate doses from radiation exposure received many years ago. All the information that had been gathered was fed into the computer model. Then scientists did a test run'' to see whether the model was working properly. As part of its test run,'' scientists asked the computer model to generate two types of preliminary results: amounts …

Instrumentation was designed for monitoring the state of charge of sealed lead--acid cells during discharge. This monitor utilizes the cell voltage during discharge, compensating for variations in load current and temperature. The discharge voltage is converted to a linear function of state of charge by a nonlinear amplifier. Statistics are given for the uncertainty in the monitor. Below 80% state of charge the monitor is accurate to better than +-5% state of charge at all currents in the C to C/10 range. 9 figures, 12 tables.