The purpose of this report is to update and reorganize our recent review on homogeneous catalysis of the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) based on recent literature publications and patents. This updated version will serve as a means of selecting 10 candidate catalyst systems for use in developing effective, sulfur-tolerant, low temperature WGSR catalysts. This report discusses the variations possible in the basic chemistry associated with WGSR catalytic cycles, including basic, acidic, and neutral conditions. Then individual mechanism for specific WGSR catalyst systems are discussed. Finally, on the basis of the literature reports, a list is presented of candidate catalysts and basic systems we have chosen for study in Task 3.

Two low-power solid-state prototype readout units were developed, an LED display and a LCD display. This display output was in a bar-graph format, covering four-decades of information, with 10-segments per decade. The displays accept a frequency input, which is standardly available from several portable radiation-survey instruments. Both readout units will operate on two D-cell batteries (3.0 Volt), with a typical current drain requirement of 0.3 MA for the LED display and 30..mu..A for the LCD display. A wide-range electrometer circuit was also developed. The circuit covers an input current range from 10/sup -13/ A to 10/sup -8/ A. The output signal is a pulse whose frequency is directly proportional to input current. The circuit requires no high-megohm resistors, and is autoranging. Several candidate input amplifiers were analyzed and evaluated for use with the electrometer circuit.

Studies are described of UO/sub 2/ powders to determine the relation between properties of the powders and sinterability. The main effort during the period was devoted to correlation of the powder particle size distribution with the sintered density of pellets. The pressure applied during the green forming step of pellet production is shown to have a varied and considerable effect on ceramic particle size distribution in the pellets. (J.R.D.)

This document was prepared to outline the scope and objectives of the Hazardous Waste Assessment Project (HWAP) at Site 300. This project was initiated in October, 1981, to investigate the existing solid waste landfills in an effort to satisfy regulatory guidelines and assess the potential for ground-water contamination. This involves a site-specific investigation (utilizing geology, hydrology, geophysics and geochemistry) with the goal of developing an effective ground-water quality monitoring network. Initial site reconnaissance work has begun and we report the results, to date, of our geologic hydrogeologic studies. All known solid waste disposal locations are underlain by rocks of either the Late Miocene Neroly Formation or the Cierbo Formation, both of which are dominantly sandstones interbedded with shale and claystone. The existence of a regional confined (artesian) aquifer, as well as a regional water-table aquifer is postulated for Site 300. Preliminary analysis has led to an understanding of directions and depths of regional ground-water flow.

Optical microscopic examination of air- and rain-borne dust shows most of the particles to be less than one micron in diameter. Electron microscopic examination of the same dust shows predominantly clusters of particles whose individual diameters are in the range 200 to 1000 A. The residue obtained by filtering rain water through a millipore filter is found to be slightly radioactive in more than half the cases observed.

During this period the Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary was established. Task 1 was completed with submittal of the Project Work Plan and the Quality Assurance Manual. CSI produced basic process design information and a preliminary flowsheet for the LaPorte LPMeOH PDU. APCI developed the flowsheet further and set up the process on APCI's process simulator. The flowsheet development revealed a number of major changes necessary in the existing LPM pilot plant; this has led to pursuit of a unified design concept. Approval was requested for the unified design concept as well as advanced schedule for relocation of the LPM unit and advanced procurement of long delivery equipment items. A number of preliminary heat and material balances were calculated for the LPMeOH PDU and preliminary process specifications were prepared for the equipment items. The final design basis was established. The design pressure was set at 1000 psig. Eight design operating cases were defined for the following range of reactor operating conditions: Pressure - 500 to 900 psig, Temperature - 220 to 270/sup 0/C, Liquid-Fluidized Space Velocity - 1000 to 4000 l/hr-kg catalyst, Liquid-Entrained Space Velocity - 2000 to 10,000 l/hr-kg catalyst, and Liquid-Entrained Catalyst Loading - 0.1 to 0.4 kg catalyst/l …

Four key geothermal-impacting bills presently before the California legislature are described. Two deal with state financial backing for geothermal projects. The third relates to the use of the state's share of the BLM geothermal revenues and the fourth to the protection of sensitive hot springs. The current regulatory activities of the California Energy Commission, the California Division of Oil and Gas, and the counties are discussed. (MHR)

This project is designed to develop methods for pre-combustion coal remediation by implementing recent advances in enzyme biochemistry. The novel approach of this study is incorporation of hydrophilic oxidative enzymes in reverse micelles in an organic solvent. Enzymes from commercial sources or microbial extracts are being investigated for their capacity to remove organic sulfur from coal by oxidation of the sulfur groups, splitting of C-S bonds and loss of sulfur as sulfuric acid Dibenzothiophene (DBT) and ehtylphenylsulfide (EPS)are serving as serving as models of organic sulfur-containing components of coal in initial studies.

This project is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for the Engineering Design and Analysis of Advanced Physical Fine Coal Cleaning Technologies. The major goal is to provide the simulation tools for modeling both conventional and advanced coal cleaning technologies. This DOE project is part of a major research initiative by the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) aimed at advancing three advanced coal cleaning technologies-heavy-liquid cylconing, selective agglomeration, and advanced froth flotation through the proof-of-concept (POC) level.

A cylindrical Fresnel-type lens has been designed and ray traced that focuses approximately to lines over a 60/sup 0/ elevation angle interval. Forty stepped prism facets are configured on the inside surface of the lens, and the lens outer surface can be well approximated by a smooth circular arc. Especially contoured cylindrical subreflectors are described for concentrating the broad image fields of the lens onto a narrow fixed shelf. These image collapsing subreflectors also compensate for focal shortening with azimuth angle incidence variations over nearly a +-60/sup 0/ sector. Ray tracing on the lens and subreflector provide approximate energy distributions on the absorber shelf over the large acceptance angle intervals. The expected performance characteristics of a solar concentrator using the curved lens with facets on the inside surface are compared with a concentrator employing a straight stepped prism lens with facets cut on the outer lens surface.

Nuclear energy can be used to produce hydrogen. The key strategic question is this: ''What are the early markets for nuclear hydrogen?'' The answer determines (1) whether there are incentives to implement nuclear hydrogen technology today or whether the development of such a technology could be delayed by decades until a hydrogen economy has evolved, (2) the industrial partners required to develop such a technology, and (3) the technological requirements for the hydrogen production system (rate of production, steady-state or variable production, hydrogen purity, etc.). Understanding ''early'' markets for any new product is difficult because the customer may not even recognize that the product could exist. This study is an initial examination of how nuclear hydrogen could be used in two interconnected early markets: the production of electricity for peak and intermediate electrical loads and spinning reserve for the electrical grid. The study is intended to provide an initial description that can then be used to consult with potential customers (utilities, the Electric Power Research Institute, etc.) to better determine the potential real-world viability of this early market for nuclear hydrogen and provide the starting point for a more definitive assessment of the concept. If this set of applications is …

Final report of SBIR to develop an economical process that can produce the best material for high field magnets to be used in the next generation of accelerators

To compensate the large tune shift and tune spread generated by the head-on beam-beam interactions in polarized proton operation in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), a low energy electron beam with proper Gaussian transverse profiles was proposed to collide head-on with the proton beam. In this article, using a modified version of SixTrack [1], we investigate stability of the single particle in the presence of head-on beam-beam compensation. The Lyapunov exponent and action diffusion are calculated and compared between the cases without and with beam-beam compensation for two different working points and various bunch intensities. Using the action diffusion results the emittance growth rate and lifetime of the proton beam is also estimated for the different scenarios.

Environmental surveillance of the Hanford Site and surrounding areas is conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy. Sampling is conducted to evaluate levels of radioactive and nonradioactive pollutants in the Hanford environs, as required in DOE Order 450.1 and DOE Order 5400.5. This document contains the calendar year 2009 schedule for the routine collection of samples for the Surface Environmental Surveillance Project and Drinking Water Monitoring Project. Each section includes sampling locations, sampling frequencies, sample types, and analyses to be performed. In some cases, samples are scheduled on a rotating basis. If a sample will not be collected in 2009, the anticipated year for collection is provided. Maps showing approximate sampling locations are included for media scheduled for collection in 2009.

This paper documents the need for a significant increase in the computing infrastructure provided to scientists working in the unclassified domains at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This need could be viewed as the next step in a broad strategy outlined in the January 2002 White Paper (UCRL-ID-147449) that bears essentially the same name as this document. Therein we wrote: 'This proposed increase could be viewed as a step in a broader strategy linking hardware evolution to applications development that would take LLNL unclassified computational science to a position of distinction if not preeminence by 2006.' This position of distinction has certainly been achieved. This paper provides a strategy for sustaining this success but will diverge from its 2002 predecessor in that it will: (1) Amplify the scientific and external success LLNL has enjoyed because of the investments made in 2002 (MCR, 11 TF) and 2004 (Thunder, 23 TF). (2) Describe in detail the nature of additional investments that are important to meet both the institutional objectives of advanced capability for breakthrough science and the scientists clearly stated request for adequate capacity and more rapid access to moderate-sized resources. (3) Put these requirements in the context of an overall strategy …

The Phase II upgrade to the LHC collimation system calls for complementing the robust Phase I graphite collimators with high Z Phase II collimators. The design for the collimation upgrade has not been finalized. One option is to use metallic rotatable collimators and testing of this design will be discussed here. The Phase II collimators must be robust in various operating conditions and accident scenarios. A prototype collimator jaw referred to as RC0 has been tested for both mechanical and thermal compliance with the design goals. Thermal expansion bench-top tests are compared to ANSYS simulation results. The prototype has also been tested in vacuum bake-out to confirm compliance with the LHC vacuum spec. CMM equipment has been used to verify the flatness of the jaw surface after heat tests and bake-out.

Magnetic field and flux distribution for the CDF detector is calculated using a TRIM program. The flux distribution in the system is calculated at several different excitation levels with an expected B-H curve.

The primary objective of this contract is to generate User's Guides for several University of Houston developed codes relating to the performance and optimization of solar power tower or solar central receiver systems. Although certain planned generalizations of the codes for a user's version have been delayed until the second quarter, an acceptable outline of the User's Guide has been produced, and documentation is underway. During the second quarter a draft of this user's guide will be prepared, the code generalizations carried to a logical conclusion and preliminary steps in documenting other components of our code library initiated.

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This report details the results of a theoretical study of seismic coupling and decoupling of underground explosions in a salt medium. A series of chemical and nuclear explosions was carried out years ago in salt domes for the Cowboy and the Dribble programs to provide experimental data on seismic coupling for both tamped explosions and explosions in cavities. The Cowboy program consisted of a series of chemical explosions, and the Dribble program consisted of the tamped nuclear Salmon event, the Sterling nuclear event in the Salmon cavity, and an associated site calibration effort. This report presents the results of extensive computer calculations, which are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The calculations were extended to give general results on seismic coupling in salt. The measure of seismic coupling for most of this work was the residual reduced displacement potential (residual RDP). The decoupling associated with a shot in a cavity was expressed as the ratio of the resulting residual RDP to that of an equal-sized tamped shot.

In an attempt to correlate x ray reflectivity with carbon mirror surface quality the relative reflectivity of five mirrors of different smoothness and optical flatness is compared. Measured and theoretical reflectivity values are in agreement for mirror smoothness <30 A and optical flatness <1000 A. Other correlation could not be established. 4 references.

Progress in all tasks is reviewed briefly. Charts which represent the monthly reports are included. The appendices include: a summary of additional needs, heat pump model description, heat pump model preliminary results, an interim report, and simplified methodologies. (MHR)

This report presents a planned reactor test program in support of the research and development study to investigate the formation of radioisotopes in reactor cooling water and to devise means of reducing the amounts of those radioisotopes formed which result in significant exposures to downstream users of the Columbia River water. The effects of water treatment process changes and reactor operation on the formation of radioisotopes of radiological interest will be studied utilizing four of the 1706-KE single-pass tubes together with special demineralizer and water treatment facilities to be obtained in 1961. Specially treated water containing no salts, single salts, mixtures of salts, special additives, and complexing agents will be investigated. The effects of varying water composition and pH, of using aluminum and zirconium reactor tubes, and of varying reactor conditions of tube outlet temperature, water flow rate, flux, and power level will be tested. 1 ref.

The FMA Linear Pocket Feeder (LPF) is a positive displacement feed system in which the pressure seal is developed by a set of mechanical labyrinth seals between the piston rings and the sealing tube. The pressure seal is completely independent of the type and size of coal used. The LPF can maintain a pressure difference with no coal in the system and can achieve steady state operation in less than a minute after startup. Coal flow rate can be changed while the LPF is operating at design speed and operating pressure with no effect on the LPF&#x27;s performance. The LPF has the potential for operating on all types and sizes of coal as long as they are free flowing. The existing LPF will be upgraded utilizing the knowledge gained during the previous 330 hours of operation. The loading station will be redesigned to allow the infeed of coarse coal in such a manner that minimum degradation occurs during entry into the pockets of the feeder and feed of pulverized coal in a way that minimizes entrapment of air under the coal charge to allow quicker settling. Certain other proposed design changes are described also. (LTN)