A precision gas chromatograph, coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer and an on-line computer, was used to study the fractionation on Porasil A of the /sup 32/S//sup 34/S isotopic pair in a variety of sulfur-containing molecules. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) yielded an average ..cap alpha.. value of 1.00074 +- 0.00017 (standard deviation) for the temperature range 25/sup 0/C to 75/sup 0/C. The carbon disulfide (CS/sub 2/) value was 1.00069 +- 0.00023 for the range 53/sup 0/C to 103/sup 0/C, and that for sulfur dioxide (SO/sub 2/) was 1.00090 +- 0.00018 for the range 62/sup 0/C to 112/sup 0/C. Differential thermodynamic data have been reported. A Porapak Q column showed no fractionation of this isotopic pair in these three molecules.

Solar standards are listed for each of the standards writing organizations associated with the Steering Committee. A complete list of approved standards, standards under development, and standards under revision is provided. (WHK)

Research is reported in the following fields: isotope separation (Ar, C, He, Kr, Ne, O, Xe), low-temperature research (H intermolecular potential functions, gas analysis in trennschaukel), separation chemistry (/sup 229/Th, /sup 231/Pa, /sup 230/Th, /sup 234/U), separation research (liquid thermal diffusion, Ca isotope separation, molecular beam scattering, mutual diffusion of noble gas mixtures, lithium chemical exchange with cryptands), and calculations in plutonium chemistry (algorithms, valence in natural water). (DLC)

The sources of excess /sup 107/Ag observed in iron meteorites by Kaiser, Kelly, and Wasserburg (1980) are examined, with emphasis on the reactions of cosmic-ray particles with palladium. The cross sections for the production of the silver isotopes from palladium by energetic cosmic-ray particles are evaluated or estimated and used to calculate spallogenic production rates relative to that of /sup 53/Mn from iron. The upper limit for the production rate of excess /sup 107/Ag by galactic-cosmic-ray particles is 400 atoms/min/kg(Pd) which, over an exposure age of 10/sup 9/ years, would make only 1% of the observed excesses of /sup 107/Ag. Neutron-capture reactions with Pd isotopes produce mainly /sup 109/Ag. Binary fission of a siderophilic superheavy element would be expected to yield more /sup 109/Ag than /sup 107/Ag. An intense proton irradiation in the early solar system probably would produce a lower ratio of (/sup 107/Pd//sup 108/Pd) to (/sup 26/Al//sup 27/Al) than observed in meteorites. Therefore the presence of excess /sup 107/Ag in iron meteorites with large Pd/Ag ratios very likely is due to the incorporation of 6.5 x 10/sup 6/-year /sup 107/Pd of nucleosynthetic origin in these meteorites.

This report presents the results of work performed from October 1, 1979 through December 31, 1979. Work covered in this report includes the activities associated with the status of the simulated reactor helium supply system, testing equipment and gas chemistry analysis instrumentation and equipment. The progress in the screening test program is described. This includes: screening creep results, weight gain and post-exposure mechanical properties for materials thermally exposed at 750/sup 0/ and 850/sup 0/C (1382/sup 0/ and 1562/sup 0/F). In addition, the status of the data management system is described.

This monthly report for Pu-238 Fuel Form Activities has two main sections: SRP-PuFF Pu-238 Fuel Form Production Processes and SRL Pu-238 Fuel Form Research and Development. The program status, budget information, and milestone information are discussed in each main section. The Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) for this program is outlined. Only one monthly report per year is processed for EDB.

The compatibility of Mo-50 wt % Re with /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ was investigated after heat treatments of up to 720 days at 800/sup 0/C and 180 days at 1000/sup 0/C. At 800/sup 0/C, a 1-..mu..m thick, continuous layer of molybdenum oxide resulted. At 1000/sup 0/C, the oxide reaction product contained some plutonium and did not appear continuous. At 1000/sup 0/C, a layer of intermetallic formed at the Mo-Re edge, beneath the oxide layer, creating a barrier between the Mo-50 wt % Re and the /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/. The intermetallic layer was promoted by the iron impurity in the /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/.

The Tritium System Test Assembly (TSTA), at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, is intended to demonstrate realistic fuel supply and cleanup scenarios for future fusion reactors. The vacuum pumps must be capable of handling large quantities of reactor exhaust gases consisting largely of mixtures of hydrogen and helium isotopes. Cryocondensing pumps will not pump helium at 4.2 K; while cryosorption pumps using molecular sieves or charcoal have good helium pumping speed, the adsorbent clogs with condensed hydrogen while pumping mixtures of both. A solution to this problem is a compound design whereby the first stage condenses the hydrogen and the second, or sorption, stage pumps the helium. The TSTA pump designed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory uses argon gas to cryotrap the helium in the helium-hydrogen mixture. The argon is sprayed directly onto the 4.2 K surface at a rate proportional to the helium flow rate, permitting continuous pumping of the helium-hydrogen mixtures in a single-stage pump. However, the possibility of differential desorption as a first stage in the TSTA gas separation cycle required the inclusion of a first-stage hydrogen isotope condenser. The design, performance, and operating characteristics are discussed.

Zinc electrowinning data, obtained with hydrogen depolarized anodes operating in a plant feed electrolyte at 55/sup 0/C, are presented in this quarterly report for investigations involving the following: performance of an anode containing a low platinum loading, i.e. 0.09 mg/cm/sup 2/ instead of the typical 0.33 mg/cm/sup 2/, and an anode catalyzed with palladium instead of platinum; establishment of a feed and bleed system to maintain a constant electrolyte composition; exploratory experiments on the effect of the rate and mode of electrolyte flow on the quality of the zinc plate at high current densities; performance of the anode with feeds of varying degrees of purification pre-treatment, and containing either 50 or 150 g/l Zn/sup + +/; the effect upon cell voltage of decreasing the hydrogen flowrate to the anode by dilution of the feed gas with nitrogen; the effect upon cell voltage of increasing the back pressure of the hydrogen gas fed to the anode; the effect upon energy consumption and current efficiency of varying the current density and the Zn/sup + +/ concentration; trace elemental analysis of a cathodic zinc plate of commercial-size thickness, as produced using the catalytic H/sub 2/ anode; further comparison of the effects of feed …

A perspective on geothermal energy's development and potential and a discussion of Federal actions needed to help accelerate geothermal development and use are included. (MHR)

This study addresses the technical feasibility of solar energy in industrial process heat (IPH) applications in Mid-America. The study was one of two contracted efforts covering the MASEC 12-state region comprised of: Illinois, Michigan, North Dakota, Indiana, Minnesota, Ohio, Iowa, Missouri, South Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska, Wisconsin. The results of our study are encouraging to the potential future role of solar energy in supplying process heat to a varied range of industries and applications. We identified and developed Case Study documentation of twenty feasible solar IPH applications covering eight major SIC groups within the Mid-American region. The geographical distribution of these applications for the existing range of solar insolation levels are shown and the characteristics of the applications are summarized. The results of the study include process identification, analysis of process heat requirements, selection of preliminary solar system characteristics, and estimation of system performance and cost. These are included in each of the 20 Case Studies. The body of the report is divided into two primary discussion sections dealing with the Study Methodology employed in the effort and the Follow-On Potential of the identified applications with regard to possible demonstration projects. The 20 applications are rated with respect to their relative …

Monitoring of power system performance data for Pioneer 10 and Pioneer Saturn spacecrafts continued through the reporting period. The net power output for either system at the end of October 1980 was 113 watts. Pioneer 10 degradation has been nearly linear at a rate of 0.130 watts/1000 generator hours, while the Pioneer Saturn power degradation is slightly higher at 0.135 watts/1000 generator hours.

Simulated radioactive waste solidification by a lower temperature ceramic (cement) process is being investigated. The monazite component (simulated by NdPO/sub 4/) of supercalcine-ceramic has been solidified in cement and found to generate a solid form with low leachability. Several types of commercial cements and modifications thereof were used. No detectable release of Nd or P was found through characterizing the products of accelerated hydrothermal leaching at 473/sup 0/K (200/sup 0/C) and 30.4 MPa (300 bars) pressure.

Three components of the wind field, temperature and pressure were measured by means of tethered balloon-borne sondes from the surface to 175 m (577 ft) and by means of a nacelle mounted system, from the surface to hub height of 43 m (140 ft). Measurements were taken over a ten day period at the Mod-1 Site in Boone, NC. Composite wind profiles are presented for different flow and stability regimes. The most extreme shears, on the order of .3 s/sup -1/, were found between 10 m (33 ft) and hub height. Individual profiles of wind and temperature show the effect of nocturnal cooling and accompanying surface stratification on the intensity of thw wind shear. Gustiness measured in terms of departures of one and two standard deviations above and below the mean, occurs at all heights across the rotor of the Mod-1 machine. Most frequent gustiness, however, occurs at and below hub height with periods up to 8 secs. Similar fluctuations are observed in the vertical component of the velocity field and in the direction of the horizontal wind. The depth of the shearing layer is critically related to hub height and rotor radius. The depth of the shearing layer appears …

A program plan was prepared and submitted to the Department of Energy in November 1979. The criteria that must be satisfied by the host site for a successful demonstration of the Spectral Fuel Conservation System have been developed and are included in this report. The process of demonstration site selection is underway and is expected to be completed on schedule by March 31, 1980. Preliminary discussions with Union Carbide indicate that the coal-fired boilers at the company's specialty chemicals plant in Institute, West Virginia appear to satisfy all the major site criteria. Exchanges of drawings are now in progress for further evaluation prior to undertaking a site inspection visit. Finally, a literature search has been initiated to determine the distribution by size and type of coal-fired boilers in the industrial sector as background to the energy savings analysis required in Task 11.

Superconducting magnets for fusion energy reactors require massive monolithic stainless steel weldments which must operate at extremely low temperatures under stresses approaching 100 ksi (700 MPa). A three-year study was conducted to determine the feasibility of producing heavy-section welds having usable levels of strength and toughness at 4.2/sup 0/K for fabrication of these structures in Type 304LN plate. Seven welding processes were evaluated. Test weldments in full-thickness plate were made under severe restraint to simulate that of actual structures. Type 316L filler metal was used for most welds. Welds deposited under some conditions and which solidify as primary austenite have exhibited intergranular embrittlement at 4.2/sup 0/K. This is believed to be associated with grain boundary metal carbides or carbonitrides precipitated during reheating of already deposited beads by subsequent passes. Weld deposits which solidify as primary delta ferrite appear immune. Through use of fully austenitic filler metals of low nitrogen content under controlled shielded metal arc welding conditions, and through use of filler metals solidifying as primary delta ferrite where only minimum residuals remain to room temperature, welds of Type 316L composition have been made with 4.2K yield strength matching that of Type 304LN plate and acceptable levels of soundness, ductility …

A review was conducted of currently available information relating to adverse effects to the health and safety that SPS space workers may experience. Currently available information on the responses of humans to space flight is somewhat limited and was obtained under conditions which are grossly different from conditions to be experienced by future space workers. The limitations in information and differences in conditions have been considered in the assessment of potential health and safety hazards to the SPS space workers. The study did not disclose any adverse effects that would result in long term deviations to the medical or physiological health of space workers so long as proper preventive or ameleorating actions were taken.

The Tandem-Mirror-Next-Step (TMNS) facility is designed to demonstrate the engineering feasibility of a tandem-mirror reactor. The facility is based on a deuterium-tritium (D-T) burning, tandem-mirror device with a fusion power output of 245 MW. The fusion power density in the central cell is 2.1 MW/m/sup 3/, with a resultant neutron wall loading of 0.5 MW/m/sup 2/. Overall machine length is 116 m, and the effective central-cell length is 50.9 m. The magnet system includes end cells with yin-yang magnets to provide magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability and thermal-barrier cells to help achieve a plasma Q of 4.7 (where Q = fusion power/injected power). Neutral beams at energies up to 200 keV are used for plasma heating, fueling, and barrier pumping. Electron cyclotron resonant heating at 50 and 100 GHz is used to control the electron temperature in the barriers. Based on the resulting engineering design, the overall cost of the facility is estimated to be just under $1 billion. Unresolved physics issues include central-cell ..beta..-limits against MHD ballooning modes (the assumed reference value of ..beta.. exceeds the current theory-derived limit), and the removal of thermalized ..cap alpha..-particles from the plasma.

Progress is reported in the following areas of study: spent fuel characterization equipment; spent fuel characterization; and spent fuel/package performance. Some of the highlights are: calorimetry of Turkey Point Assembly D04 subsequently emplaced in the Climax-Spent Fuel Test (C-SFT) was completed; all data from the destructive examination of five fuel rods pulled from the C-SFT assemblies are being reduced and analyzed to provide a description of the pre-test condition for the C-SFT; work is continuing on the development of a one-dimensional fuel assembly structural analyses code; sensitivity studies of fuel assembly response to grid spacer moment shear coupling terms and guide tube locations and quantity were completed; verification of STAFF-5, the two-dimensional heat transfer-fluid flow-stress model of a spent fuel assembly in a canister is continuing; Whole Rod Tests 1 at 950/sup 0/F and 2b at 1060/sup 0/F continue to operate without cladding breach; destructive examination and fission gas analyses on the two rods removed from Test 2b were completed; evaluation of the spent fuel filler materials thermal performance was completed; the metal alloys and graphite offered the most favorable heat transfer characteristics; both thermal gradient and differential thermal expansion effects on the mechanical behavior of the spent fuel filler …

The ion ring project objective is to trap a ring of high energy, axis-encircling ions in a magnetic mirror. The number of ring ions should be such as to produce deltaB/B on the ring axis of order 10%. The second experiment, LONGSHOT, is directed to producing a long pulse ion beam source so that the total number of protons required for an ion ring can be provided a lower diode power and, hence, at much less cost than that of 100 nsec pulsed power generators like the NRL GAMBLE II. A detailed report of the progress on IREX and LONGSHOT is given. (MOW)

The Sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering convened at Stanford University on December 16, 1980. As with previous Workshops the attendance was around 100 with a significant participation from countries other than the United States (18 attendees from 6 countries). In addition, there were a number of papers from foreign contributors not able to attend. Because of the success of all the earlier workshops there was only one format change, a new scheduling of Tuesday to Thursday rather than the earlier Wednesday through Friday. This change was in general considered for the better and will be retained for the Seventh Workshop. Papers were presented on two and a half of the three days, the panel session, this year on thenumerical modeling intercomparison study sponsored by the Department of Energy, being held on the second afternoon. This panel discussion is described in a separate Stanford Geothermal Program Report (SGP-TR42). This year there was a shift in subject of the papers. There was a reduction in the number of papers offered on pressure transients and well testing and an introduction of several new subjects. After overviews by Bob Gray of the Department of Energy and Jack Howard of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, we …

This paper is devoted t o predicting and quantitatively estimating geopressured fluid behavior during sampling of reservoirs in their natural, unperturbed conditions. Both the fluid in the sampler and the wellbore fluid are considered. To that end, I have developed a simple model ( an ''equation of state") t o estimate thermophysical properties of geopressured fluids. This model is briefly described. The "equation of state" is applied to compute and discuss fluid properties associated with the different stages of the sampling process. Questions explored include: the probable range of CH4 content of the samples; pressure, phase transitions, fraction of total volume corresponding to each phase, and composition of each phase present in the sample, over the expected range of temperatures; whether and under what conditions the fluid collected at wellhead in a flowing w e l l provides a representative sample of the bottomhole fluid composition; the expected range of fluid pressures in the lubricator; and the expected range of differential stresses on the sampler. Bottomhole temperatures and pressures generally increase with depth in the geopressured formations of the Gulf Coast (e.g., Dorfman and Fisher, 1979). Thus, two well depths, representing approximatley the top and the bottom of the geopressured …

Alaska has a significant geothermal potential. While other sources of energy such as petroleum and coal are in abundance, there has been a definite move towards geothermal exploitation. The State has recognized the opportunity cost of petroleum as a source of materials and has expressed interest in the development of geothermal energy as a desirable and alternative resource. More than 11 million acres have been identified as potential geothermal reservoirs capable of producing electric power as well as direct heating. Reservoirs of the latter type are found in the interior of the state. Considering the winter temperatures of these regions (at times dipping to -60{degree}F) direct utilization is attractive. A comprehensive reservoir engineering proposal is presented to better assess the extent and potential of the geothermal areas in Alaska. The purpose of this paper is to acquaint the participants of the Stanford Geothermal Workshop with the enormous potential, as yet untapped, of the State of Alaska.

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, STANFORD GEOTHERMAL PROGRAM Henry J. Ramey, Jr., and Paul Kruger Co-Principal Investigators Ian G. Donaldson Program Manager Stanford Geothermal Program The Sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering convened at Stanford University on December 16, 1980. As with previous Workshops the attendance was around 100 with a significant participation from countries other than the United States (18 attendees from 6 countries). In addition, there were a number of papers from foreign contributors not able to attend. Because of the success of all the earlier workshops there was only one format change, a new scheduling of Tuesday to Thursday rather than the earlier Wednesday through Friday. This change was in general considered for the better and will be retained for the Seventh Workshop. Papers were presented on two and a half of the three days, the panel session, this year on the numerical modeling intercomparison study sponsored by the Department of Energy, being held on the second afternoon. This panel discussion is described in a separate Stanford Geothermal Program Report (SGP-TR42). This year there was a shift in subject of the papers. There was a reduction in the number of papers …