This research's focus was to build a prototype of a computerized liquid dispensing system. This liquid metering system is based on the concept of altering the representative volume to account for temperature changes in the liquid to be dispensed. This is actualized by using a measuring tank and a temperature compensating displacement plunger. By constantly monitoring the temperature of the liquid, the plunger can be used to increase or decrease the specified volume to more accurately dispense liquid with a specified mass. In order to put the device being developed into proper engineering perspective, an extensive literature review was undertaken on all areas of industrial metering of liquids with an emphasis on gravimetric methods.

This research`s focus was to build a prototype of a computerized liquid dispensing system. This liquid metering system is based on the concept of altering the representative volume to account for temperature changes in the liquid to be dispensed. This is actualized by using a measuring tank and a temperature compensating displacement plunger. By constantly monitoring the temperature of the liquid, the plunger can be used to increase or decrease the specified volume to more accurately dispense liquid with a specified mass. In order to put the device being developed into proper engineering perspective, an extensive literature review was undertaken on all areas of industrial metering of liquids with an emphasis on gravimetric methods.

The demands for structural systems to perform reliably under severe temperatures and load conditions continue to increase. These demands will continue with the development of advanced power generation methods and for future aerospace applications. An understanding of the hightemperature creep crack growth process, which is a frequent failure mechanism in these structures, is important. Many investigations which have appeared to date are concerned with creep crack growth which occurs under a constant load and temperature. However, most structural components experience complicated load histories. The history of degradation and damage which accumulates at the crack tip is greatly influenced by these transients. This program aims at gaining an understanding of the history-dependent high temperature failure process through a combined experimental and analytical effort. Development of a useful predictive methodology fbr characterizing this process is being undertaken.

The demands for structural systems to perform reliably under severe temperatures and load conditions continue to increase. These demands will continue with the development of advanced power generation methods and for future aerospace applications. An understanding of the hightemperature creep crack growth process, which is a frequent failure mechanism in these structures, is important. Many investigations which have appeared to date are concerned with creep crack growth which occurs under a constant load and temperature. However, most structural components experience complicated load histories. The history of degradation and damage which accumulates at the crack tip is greatly influenced by these transients. This program aims at gaining an understanding of the history-dependent high temperature failure process through a combined experimental and analytical effort. Development of a useful predictive methodology fbr characterizing this process is being undertaken.

MARKAL-MACRO is an experiment in model linkage. This new tool is intended as an improvement over existing methods for energy policy assessment. It is designed specifically for estimating the costs and analyzing alternative technologies and policies proposed for reducing environmental risks such as global climate change or regional air pollution. The greenhouse gas debate illustrates the usefulness of linked energy-economy models. A central issue is the coupling between economic growth, the level of energy demands, and the evolution of an energy system to supply these demands. The debate is often connected with alternative modeling approaches. The competing philosophies may be labeled [open quotes]top-down macroeconomic[close quotes] and [open quotes]bottom-up engineering[close quotes] perspectives. Do macroeconomic models, with their descriptions of effects within the total economy but few technical details on the energy system, tend to overestimate future energy demands Conversely, do engineering models, ignoring feedbacks to the general economy and non-technical market factors but containing rich descriptions of technology options, tend to take too optimistic a view of conservation and the use of renewable energy sources Or is the principal difference that the engineering models ignore new sources of energy demands, and that the macroeconomic models ignore saturation effects for old categories …

MARKAL-MACRO is an experiment in model linkage. This new tool is intended as an improvement over existing methods for energy policy assessment. It is designed specifically for estimating the costs and analyzing alternative technologies and policies proposed for reducing environmental risks such as global climate change or regional air pollution. The greenhouse gas debate illustrates the usefulness of linked energy-economy models. A central issue is the coupling between economic growth, the level of energy demands, and the evolution of an energy system to supply these demands. The debate is often connected with alternative modeling approaches. The competing philosophies may be labeled {open_quotes}top-down macroeconomic{close_quotes} and {open_quotes}bottom-up engineering{close_quotes} perspectives. Do macroeconomic models, with their descriptions of effects within the total economy but few technical details on the energy system, tend to overestimate future energy demands? Conversely, do engineering models, ignoring feedbacks to the general economy and non-technical market factors but containing rich descriptions of technology options, tend to take too optimistic a view of conservation and the use of renewable energy sources? Or is the principal difference that the engineering models ignore new sources of energy demands, and that the macroeconomic models ignore saturation effects for old categories of demands? An efficient …

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Hydrogen production from radiolysis of aqueous solutions can create a safety hazard since hydrogen is flammable. At times this production can be significant, especially in HB line where nitric acid solutions containing high concentrations of Pu-238, an intense alpha emitter, are processed. The hydrogen production rates from these solutions are necessary for safety analyses of these process systems. The methods and conclusions of hydrogen production rate tests are provided in this report.

The study of high pressure lubricooling jet injection into tool/chip interface showed good results by decreasing friction, tool forces, and temperature at tool/chip interface. Tool wear vs time using different cooling conditions at 1.52 mm depth of cut is shown. Surface roughness generated is in lower range for water jet assisted tool. A test chart is given for visualization of chip formation.

The study of high pressure lubricooling jet injection into tool/chip interface showed good results by decreasing friction, tool forces, and temperature at tool/chip interface. Tool wear vs time using different cooling conditions at 1.52 mm depth of cut is shown. Surface roughness generated is in lower range for water jet assisted tool. A test chart is given for visualization of chip formation.

Two systems for monitoring benzene in aqueous streams have been designed and assembled by the Savannah River Technology Center, Analytical Development Section (ADS). These systems were used at TNX to support sampling studies of the full-scale {open_quotes}SRAT/SME/PR{close_quotes} and to provide real-time measurements of benzene in Precipitate Hydrolysis Aqueous (PHA) simulant. This report describes the two ADS Benzene Monitor System (BMS) configurations, provides data on system operation, and reviews the results of scoping tests conducted at TNX. These scoping tests will allow comparison with other benzene measurement options being considered for use in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) laboratory. A report detailing the preferred BMS configuration statistical performance during recent tests has been issued under separate title: Statistical Analyses of the At-line Benzene Monitor Study, SCS-ASG-92-066. The current BMS design, called the At-line Benzene Monitor (ALBM), allows remote measurement of benzene in PHA solutions. The authors have demonstrated the ability to calibrate and operate this system using peanut vials from a standard Hydragard{trademark} sampler. The equipment and materials used to construct the ALBM are similar to those already used in other applications by the DWPF lab. The precision of this system ({+-}0.5% Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) at 1 sigma) is …

The nozzle installed in the circulating fluidized bed absorber (CFBA) was slightly modified because of a technical difficulty in making the small holes less than 100 {mu}m. The holes were punctured with a very tiny drill bits in diameter of 275 {mu}m, and the number of holes were adjusted. The 951 TGA (Du Pont Co.) was also modified for the kinetic information on the hydration and sulfation of limes under low temperatures. The modified thermalgravimetric analyzer (TGA) includes a syringe in order to simulate the water sprayings in a CFBA. Water droplets through the needle attached to the syringe are added onto the lime sample in a TGA. Two discrete ranges of Dravo limes were prepared as solid sorbents for sulfation tests. One ranged between 1095 {mu}m (16 mesh) and 2380 {mu}m (8 mesh) in diameter and the other ranged between 595 {mu}m (30 mesh) and 1095 {mu}m (16 mesh). The experimental methods for kinetic studies with TGA and for CFBA operation were established through the pre-operation of CFBA.

This report discusses the following topics on research of microwave amplifiers for linear colliders: Context in current microwave technology development; gated field emission for microwave cathodes; cathode fabrication and tests; microwave cathode design using field emitters; and microwave localization.

This report discusses the following topics on research of microwave amplifiers for linear colliders: Context in current microwave technology development; gated field emission for microwave cathodes; cathode fabrication and tests; microwave cathode design using field emitters; and microwave localization.

In 1991, Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) implemented a Department of Energy grant to conduct a small commercial energy conservation project. The small commercial Mom, and Pop'' grocery stores within WEC's service territory were selected as the target market for the project. Energy Solid Waste Consultant's (E SWC) Impact Evaluation is documented here. The evaluation was based on data gathered from a variety of sources, including load profile metering, kWh submeters, elapsed time indicators, and billing histories. Five stores were selected to receive measures under this program: Waits River General Store, Joe's Pond Store, Hastings Store, Walden General Store, and Adamant Cooperative. Specific measures installed in each store and description of each are included.

In 1991, Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) implemented a Department of Energy grant to conduct a small commercial energy conservation project. The small commercial ``Mom, and Pop`` grocery stores within WEC`s service territory were selected as the target market for the project. Energy & Solid Waste Consultant`s (E&SWC) Impact Evaluation is documented here. The evaluation was based on data gathered from a variety of sources, including load profile metering, kWh submeters, elapsed time indicators, and billing histories. Five stores were selected to receive measures under this program: Waits River General Store, Joe`s Pond Store, Hastings Store, Walden General Store, and Adamant Cooperative. Specific measures installed in each store and description of each are included.

The major emphasis of this project continues to be on fundamental symmetries and parameters of the Standard Model. A test of a quark model prediction was also done. The projects in the current period have been the following: LSND, a neutrino oscillation experiment at LAMPF; E791, a search for the decays K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}e and K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} ee; E871, tests and preparations for an upgrade proposal; and E888, a search for the H dibaryon. The LSND (Large Scintillator Neutrino Detector) is under construction at this time. Progress in the construction schedule has been accelerated with the expectation of being ready to accept beam in March 1993. The automated system for testing photomultiplier tubes is in full production, and should be able to certify a fun complement of tubes for installation by October 1992. Results of an earlier LAMPF experiment, E764, on the interaction of muon neutrinos with carbon nuclei have been submitted for publication. A thorough `blind` analysis of the E791 data set has just been brought to completion. Final results for the upper limits (90% C.L.) on the branching ratios for the decays K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}e and K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} ee are …

The major emphasis of this project continues to be on fundamental symmetries and parameters of the Standard Model. A test of a quark model prediction was also done. The projects in the current period have been the following: LSND, a neutrino oscillation experiment at LAMPF; E791, a search for the decays K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}e and K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} ee; E871, tests and preparations for an upgrade proposal; and E888, a search for the H dibaryon. The LSND (Large Scintillator Neutrino Detector) is under construction at this time. Progress in the construction schedule has been accelerated with the expectation of being ready to accept beam in March 1993. The automated system for testing photomultiplier tubes is in full production, and should be able to certify a fun complement of tubes for installation by October 1992. Results of an earlier LAMPF experiment, E764, on the interaction of muon neutrinos with carbon nuclei have been submitted for publication. A thorough 'blind' analysis of the E791 data set has just been brought to completion. Final results for the upper limits (90% C.L.) on the branching ratios for the decays K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}e and K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} ee are …

The objective of the proposed research is to characterize the function and regulation of a set of embryonic genes which are expressed in the embryos, not in the plants. 22 cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library we constructed using mRNAS of -carrot somatic embryos. These cDNA clones identified mRNA species that are present in the somatic and zygotic embryos, but not in adult plants. The sequence of all 22cDNA clones were determined; genomic clones for three cDNA clones, DC8, DC59, and DC49 were isolated and gene sequences determined. DC8, DC49, and several other genes identified by the cDNA sequences belong to the category of late embryogenesis abundant protein genes, Lea. The function of these gens have not yet been determined, but they share common structural features, are regulated by ABA and are speculated to play a role in seed desiccation.

The objective of the proposed research is to characterize the function and regulation of a set of embryonic genes which are expressed in the embryos, not in the plants. 22 cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library we constructed using mRNAS of -carrot somatic embryos. These cDNA clones identified mRNA species that are present in the somatic and zygotic embryos, but not in adult plants. The sequence of all 22cDNA clones were determined; genomic clones for three cDNA clones, DC8, DC59, and DC49 were isolated and gene sequences determined. DC8, DC49, and several other genes identified by the cDNA sequences belong to the category of late embryogenesis abundant protein genes, Lea. The function of these gens have not yet been determined, but they share common structural features, are regulated by ABA and are speculated to play a role in seed desiccation.

The subject invention, ``A Pipe Cleaning Machine,`` known as ``Buffy,`` is a device that strips pipeline of its coating down to the metal. The apparatus consists of a series of motor-driven metal brushes mounted on a ring structure that fits the around the pipe`s circumference. Once stripped, the pipeline may or may not be abrasive-blasted, but is then coated and wrapped, and the trench is back-filled. Present models of the Buffy can be used on pipe up to 36`` in diameter. One of the device`s unique features is its ability to operate while the pipeline remains in service.

The Tritium Migration Analysis Program, Version 4 (TMAP4) has been developed by the Fusion Safety Program at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) as a safety analysis code, mainly to analyze tritium retention and loss in fusion reactor structures and systems during normal operation and accident conditions. TMAP4 incorporates one-dimensional thermal- and mass-diffusive transport and trapping calculations through structures and zero dimensional fluid transport between enclosures and across the interface between enclosures and structures. A key feature is the ability to input problem definition parameters as constants, interpolation tables, or FORTRAN equations. The code is specifically intended for use under a DOS operating system on PC-type mini-computers, but it has also been run successfully on workstations and mainframe computer systems. Use of the equation-input feature requires access to a FORTRAN-77 compiler and a linker program.

The Tritium Migration Analysis Program, Version 4 (TMAP4) has been developed by the Fusion Safety Program at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) as a safety analysis code, mainly to analyze tritium retention and loss in fusion reactor structures and systems during normal operation and accident conditions. TMAP4 incorporates one-dimensional thermal- and mass-diffusive transport and trapping calculations through structures and zero dimensional fluid transport between enclosures and across the interface between enclosures and structures. A key feature is the ability to input problem definition parameters as constants, interpolation tables, or FORTRAN equations. The code is specifically intended for use under a DOS operating system on PC-type mini-computers, but it has also been run successfully on workstations and mainframe computer systems. Use of the equation-input feature requires access to a FORTRAN-77 compiler and a linker program.

This report contains the original University of New Mexico inputs to various aspects of LANL`s Probabilistic Risk Assessment of K Reactor. Most of this input was ultimately incorporated into one of the two referenced reports. Since the work summarized in the attached sheets was preliminary in nature and later revised under Subcontract 9-X60-D1200-1, Task 46, the following reports should be consulted for more current technical information: J.L. Darby, D.V. Rao, B.E. Simpkins, and F.E. Haskin, Savannah River Site K Reactor Filter Heatup Model, SEA Report No. 90-500-007-A-1, July 31, 1991 and D.W. Stack et al, Electrical Systems` Contribution to K Reactor Accident Sequence Frequency, LANL Report LA-CP-01-415, February 1992.