Inorganic analysis of solid, liquid and gaseous samples from the Paraho Semiworks Retort was completed using a multitechnique approach. The data were statistically analyzed to determine both the precision of each method and to see how closely the various techniques compared. The data were also used to determine the redistribution of 31 trace and major elements in the various effluents, including the offgas for the Paraho Retort operating in the direct mode. The computed mass balances show that approximately 1% or greater fractions of the As, Co, Hg, N, Ni, S and Se are released during retorting and redistributed to the product shale oil, retort water or product offgas. The fraction for these seven elements ranged from almost 1% for Co and Ni to 50 to 60% for Hg and N. Approximately 20% of the S and 5% of the As and Se are released. The mass balance redistribution during retorting for Al, Fe, Mg, V and Zn was observed to be no greater than .05%. These redistribution figures are generally in agreement with previous mass balance studies made for a limited number of elements on laboratory or smaller scale pilot retorts. 7 tables.

Heat engine/electric hybrid vehicles offer the potential of greatly reduced petroleum consumption, compared to conventional vehicles, without the disadvantages of limited performance and operating range associated with pure electric vehicles. This report documents a hybrid vehicle design approach which is aimed at the development of the technology required to achieve this potential, in such a way that it is transferable to the auto industry in the near term. The development of this design approach constituted Phase I of the Near-Term Hybrid Vehicle Program. The major tasks in this program were: mission analysis and performance specification studies; design tradeoff studies; and preliminary design. Detailed reports covering each of these tasks are included as appendices to this report. A fourth task, sensitivity studies, is also included in the report on the design tradeoff studies. Because of the detail with which these appendices cover methodology and results, the body of this report has been prepared as a brief executive summary of the program activities and results, with appropriate references to the detailed material in the appendices.

This report documents the results and conclusions of the PDS II, Phase I, preliminary design of a 10 MWe OTEC power system, using enhanced plate type heat exchangers, and of representative 0.2 MWe test articles. It further provides the documentation (specifications, drawings, trade studies, etc.) resulting from the design activities. The data and discussions of the technical concepts are organized to respond to the PDS II, Phase II proposal evaluation criteria. This volume, which specifically addresses the three evaluation categories (heat exchangers, rotating machinery, and power system configuration and performance) is an integral part of the Phase II plans (proposal) which describe the technical approach to delivering test articles to OTEC-1. In addition, there is a section which addresses power system cost and net energy analysis and another which discusses the results of stainless steel feasibility studies. Supporting documentation is contained in two appendix volumes.

This volume contains the specifications and drawings prepared in support of the preliminary design of a 10MWe OTEC power system using enhanced plate type heat exchangers. Included are: (1) the specification tree; (2) system specification; (3) 10 MWe heat exchangers; (4) nitrogen storage, conditioning and supply subsystem specification; (5) ammonia storage, conditioning and supply specification; (6) electrical power distribution and control subsystem specification; (7) equipment valves, instruments and live lists and specifications; (8) drawing tree; (9) drawing package; and (10) 0.2 MWe test articles procurement specifications. (WHK)

The trade studies, calculations, and reports which provide the rationale for design conclusions for the 10 MWe OTEC power system are presented in this volume. These appendices include: (1) system design and optimization model; (2) system off-design performance computer model; (3) seawater system dynamics; (4) system mechanical design studies; (5) electrical design studies; (6) structural design studies; (7) tube cleaner design report and proposed brush test program; (8) heat exchangers: mechanical design; (9) heat exchangers: thermal hydraulic computer model; (10) heat exchangers: manufacturing flow plan; (11) heat exchangers: installation and removal procedures; (12) heat exchangers: stainless steel conceptual design; (13) heat exchangers: cost studies; (14)heat exchangers: materials selection and corrosion; and (15) heat exchangers: quality assurance. (WHK)

The YMCA Geothermal Heating project proposes to obtain approximately 57% of the total facility energy usage through direct application of the Klamath Falls KGRA. This will be accomplished through the design and construction of a retrofit and injection system for the utilization of an existing 110/sup 0/F geothermal energy source at the project site. The existing 2016 foot well will be outfitted with a turbine pump with variable speed drive. The well head will be enclosed by a 10' x 10' building. The geothermal fluid, pumped at a peak rate of 350 gpm will be transported to the YMCA Facility through 5'' diameter schedule 40 black iron pipe fitted with victaulic couplings for expansion. All underground supply pipes will be equipped with magnesium anodes for galvaic protection and will be insulted with 1'' thick calcium silicate insulation, with two layers of 45 number roofing felt applied with asphaltic compound. All supply lines within the building will be insulated with 1'' fiberglass insulation material with a cloth jacket. The fluids will pass through a heating coil and heat exchanger system to provide heat for the 30,000 square foot YMCA facility as well as for the 90,000 gallon swimming pool. The spent …

A thorough account is given of a solar pond study underway at the University of New Mexico since 1975. This report consists of the Ph.D. dissertation of Federica Zangrando entitled Observation and Analysis of a Full-Scale Experimental Salt Gradient Solar Pond. The stability condition for a non-constant gradient, doubly-diffusive system is derived and a prescription for the routine detection of potential instabilities is presented. Techniques for handling unstable regions are described. Conclusions so far strongly support the viability of the solar pond concept. Salt gradient ponds appear to have a very definite niche in the ecology of energy production.

This report, designed for use within the utility community, offers informative descriptions of some of the more relevant organizations engaged in providing information concerned with utility rate regulation. Eighteen information profiles are structured to include the name, address, and telephone number of each of the organizations, and where appropriate, personnel who should be contacted for assistance. A brief synopsis of relevant data indicates type of information and services available to users.

This report provides test results on the thermal performance of an Owens-Illinois Sunpak liquid, evacuated tube, solar collector under simulated conditions. The test was conducted using the Marshall Space Flight Center Solar Simulator in accordance with the test requirements specified in ASHRAE 93-77 (Method of Testing to Determine the Thermal Performance of Solar Collectors) and the procedures contained in MTCP-FA-SHAC-400 (Procedure for Operation of the MSFC Solar Simulator Facility). The tests were performed on a module used on the early demonstration projects. A current production module is undergoing tests with results to be in a subsequent report.

Data taken from the Avco 200 kw Arc Coal Reactor facility provides increasing optimism for this acetylene producing process. Continued improvements in the reactor design have been accomplished over the past three months. These improvements result in data which, when reduced and analyzed, yield SER's well below 5.0. Further, these SER values are an improvement over those of the comparable OCR program test data results under the same test conditions. The anode and cathode designed for this 200 kw Chemical Facilities have performed well with no visible degradation after minor adjustments in the geometry and operating procedures. The data taken to date, both with and without quench, within this facility underline the importance of commencing work on the 1 Mw Arc Coal Acetylene PDU where SER values between 3.5 and 4.0 are a clear probability. With values of SER in this range, the arc coal process is economically attractive as a competitor to the ethylene process for manufacturing vinyl chloride monomer and vinyl acetate monomer. A summary of the 200 kw facility test results in Appendix A is a synopsis of a Topical Technical Report submitted earlier.

The work to be performed by The Aerospace Corporation for the DOE/TEC is confined to the following basic task areas: (1) technical support of ongoing research and development programs in energy efficient transportation systems; (2) analysis for the future commercialization of transportation technologies; (3) new concept evaluation program support; (4) technical evaluation of new concepts, inventions, and ideas; (5) assessment of technological and other factors on the implementation and utilization of transportation in the United States; and (6) program planning analysis and documentation. Brief summaries of status and progress are given for those support activities in progress through June 30, 1979. (WHK)

Studies of technical issues relating to nuclear waste management are described. It supplements previous TASC reports on this topic. Volume 1 addresses events occurring before emplacement of the waste in a repository. The subjects addressed are thermal analysis of interim storage accidents and doses to the worst-situated individual in all types of pre-emplacement accidents. Volume 2 deals with the possible release of waste from a geologic repository. Aspects of long-term repository performance which are discussed include water flow around shafts and boreholes and use of water from contaminated wells. New methods and results pertaining to the analysis of uncertainties in long-term risk predictions are also presented.

The work to be performed by The Aerospace Corporation for the DOE/TEC is confined to the following basic task areas: (1) technical support of ongoing research and development programs in energy efficient transportation systems; (2) analysis for the future commercialization of transportation technologies; (3) new concept evaluation program support; (4) technical evaluation of new concepts, inventions, and ideas; (5) assessment of technological and other factors on the implementation and utilization of transportation in the United States; and (6) program planning analysis and documentation. The status of achieved progress through the period ending March 31, 1979, is presented, and the expenditure status is summarized. (WHK)

Recycle preparation methods were evaluated for secondary aqueous waste streams likely to be produced during reactor fuel fabrication and reprocessing. Adsorption, reverse osmosis, and ozonization methods were evaluated on a laboratory scale for their application to the treatment of wastewater. Activated carbon, macroreticular resins, and polyurethanes were tested to determine their relative capabilities for removing detergents and corrosive anions from wastewater. Conceptual flow sheets were constructed for purifying wastewater by reverse osmosis. In addition, the application of ozonization techniques for water recycle preparation was examined briefly.

The flash-steam conversion cycle is most suitable for electric power production at the SSGF. However, large-scale development of the SSGF may require use of makeup water supplements to injected brine for a viable reservoir pressure maintenance program. Since steam condensate will probably be required to satisfy power plant cooling needs, local surface waters have been evaluated for their potential use as sources of injection makeup. It was found that direct injection of untreated makeup water is not feasible because of high suspended solids loading and potential incompatability problems. However, mixtures of ambient temperature makeup water and higher temperature (80 to 90/sup 0/C) brine effluent, in a 1:4 mass ratio, are potentially injectable following processing by reaction clarification and granular media filtration.

This report reviews results from early electron-beam heating experiments and more recent basic beam-plasma physics experiments as well as present theoretical understanding. We find tha rather simple electron-beams could be employed on the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory to carry out electron heating experiments.

The EQ3/EQ6 software package contains two computer codes (EQ3 and EQ6) and data files which form a useful tool in modeling precipitation from geothermal fluids caused by heating or cooling. The data files contain information on 140 aqueous species and nearly 150 minerals, and permit calculations over the temperature interval 0 to 350/sup 0/C. Assumption of homogeneous thermodynamic equilibrium in aqueous solution permits calculation of the driving forces for precipitation as measured by the affinity (log Q/K) for each such reaction. Further assumption of precipitation and heterogeneous equilibrium for any mineral whose affinity would otherwise exceed a value of zero permits determination of the identity of the precipitates, their masses and volumes, and the temperature ranges in which they form. The EQ3/EQ6 capability was used to determine the effects of temperature increase on formation of precipitates form Salton Sea water.

A laboratory stainless steel reactor has been constructed and installed to study the hydrogenation of SiCl/sub 4/, 3 SiCl/sub 4/ + 2 H/sub 2/ + Si in equilibrium 4 SiHCl/sub 3/. The pressure reactor is designed to operate at pressures up to 500 psig and at temperatures up to 600/sup 0/C. After pressure and leak tests, the apparatus was started-up for the hydrogenation experiments. Temperature and flowrate measurements were calibrated. A safety review showed that the apparatus functioned smoothly and satisfactorily as designed. Experiments on the hydrogenation of SiCl/sub 4/ were carrried out during the last two weeks of September. A series of experiments on the hydrogenation of SiCl/sub 4/ was carried out at reactor pressure of 300 psig and 500 psig. Reaction temperature varies from 450/sup 0/C to 550/sup 0/C. Some preliminary reaction kinetic data and equilibrium data were collected. More hydrogenation experiments are in progress.

Results of the previous one-dimensional thermal analysis of interim storage accidents are confirmed by more detailed two-dimensional calculations. Waste temperatures calculated for interim storage accidents are moderately sensitive to assumptions concerning canister spacing and are much less sensitive to boundary conditions at the canister top. For an individual 100 m from a transportation accident involving solidified high-level waste, the expected dose from gamma radiation is on the order of or smaller than the other possible exposures in the same accident. For the calculation of expected doses to the worst-situated individual in accidents: Expected population dose should remain the primary measure of pre-emplacement risk in order to maintain comparability of consequences of different types of accidents.

The economic performance of Trombe wall and direct gain passive solar heating designs are evaluated using the LASL/UNM solar economic performance code. Both designs are integrated into a ranch style tract home concept thereby facilitating intra-regional comparison. The economic performance of these systems is evaluated for 15 sites in the Northwest region. Space heating loads have been locally specified. System sizes have been optimized against the natural gas and electric resistance heating alternatives, the current price and future escalation of which is established for each locale. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the maximum competitive add-on costs for each system under a specified set of energy price, solar performance and economic conditions.

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) vacuum chamber cover is sealed by 0-rings without the aid of mechanical fasteners. Under vacuum loading and component weights, the edges lifted no more than 0.005 in. (by a SAP4 computer code analysis). This report explains the model used for this investigation and, in addition, shows the maximum deflection expected at the center of the cover is less than 0.047 in. Also, no stresses are expected to exceed 13,700 psi.

Data are presented for investigations involving air cathodes in caustic half cells and hydrogen depolarized anodes for metal electrowinning (acid electrolytes). Studies with air depolarized Pt cathodes in caustic hardware include: progress of the RA19 type air diffusion electrode. Reference data has been obtained with this 10,500 hour old electrode; cathode performance (Reference) vs time for a standard 0.33 mg/cm/sup 2/ cathode; electrode-current collector evaluation; electrode-current collector data as a function of cell temperature; and electrode-current collector data as a function of CO/sub 2/ free air efficiency. Zinc electrowinning data have been obtained for tests involving: current density vs power consumption; current efficiency over the temperature range of from 55 to 80/sup 0/C; and the presence of Co, Fe, Cu, Ge, and Pt impurities in the electrolyte.

The amount of tritium released when a commercially available getter-pump cartridge was exposed to moist air at ambient temperatures was measured. The cartridge consisted of Zr-Al powder pressed onto an iron substrate, which is the type of cartridge proposed for use in the Tokomak Fusion Test Reactor. While the initial release of tritium was rapid the total activity released was lss than 0.005% of the cartridge loading. Of this amount, at least 80% was released as tritiated water. 8 figures.

The operation of the emergency core cooling system and its related steam-binding problems in pressurized water reactors are the subject of a cooperative study by the United States, Germany, and Japan. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and EG and G, Inc., San Ramon Operations, are responsible for the design, hardware, and software of the 80.8-mm and 113-mm spool piece measurement systems for the German Primarkreislauf (PKL) Test Facility at Kraftwerk Union in Erlangen, West Germany. Four PKL spool pieces each containing a flow turbine, drag screen, three-beam densitometer, and pressure and temperature probes were constructed and tested to measure single-phase and two-phase steam and water flow parameters. Individual phase velocities, mass flow rates, and densities were calculated from the analytical relationships presented. These calculated and measured parameters were compared to those parameters determined from the test facility instrumentation at Wyle Laboratories. Error analyses were performed, and individual test results were presented for both horizontal and vertical flows. The various flow regimes tested included annular mist, slug, froth, stratified wavy, and homogeneous flow of water or superheated steam.