Water and acid absorption tests of samples of a proposed replacement to current polyethylene foam used as fill material on the FB-Line cation columns have been completed. Water and nitric acid solution absorption of up to 4 volume percent was observed over approximately a 4 month period of time. Because of the nuclear safety implications, liquid absorption of a replacement fill material must be low. EthafoaM[trademark] 220 extruded polyethylene, a product available from Dow Chemical Company appears to be a good candidate material for replacement of the existing fill material. Establishment of 5 volume percent solution absorption specification appears to be both reasonable and achievable for a replacement foam, provided it is acceptable to nuclear safety personnel.

Water and acid absorption tests of samples of a proposed replacement to current polyethylene foam used as fill material on the FB-Line cation columns have been completed. Water and nitric acid solution absorption of up to 4 volume percent was observed over approximately a 4 month period of time. Because of the nuclear safety implications, liquid absorption of a replacement fill material must be low. EthafoaM{trademark} 220 extruded polyethylene, a product available from Dow Chemical Company appears to be a good candidate material for replacement of the existing fill material. Establishment of 5 volume percent solution absorption specification appears to be both reasonable and achievable for a replacement foam, provided it is acceptable to nuclear safety personnel.

A plasma thruster operating at high specific impulse ({ge} 3500 s) has been proposed to be based on electron-cyclotron resonance heating of whistler waves propagating on a plasma column on a magnetic hill. Calculations using a particle-in-cell code demonstrate that the distortion of the electron velocity distribution by the heating significantly reduces the flow of plasma up the field, greatly improving efficiency and reducing material interactions relative to a thermal plasma. These and other calculations are presented together with initial experiments on the plasma generated in the proposed device. The experiments are conducted in a magnetic field (3.3 {times} 10{sup {minus}2} T at resonance) and a magnetic mirror ratio of 5. Microwaves (0.915 GHz, <20 kW) are coupled to the plasma with a helical antenna. Vacuum field measurements are in good agreement with prediction. The desired plasma spatial distribution has not yet been achieved.

Samples were collected during the A/M Area Crouch Branch (Cretaceous) Aquifer Characterization (Phase I) Program. The samples were analyzed for chlorinated VOCs by the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) and MicroSeeps Ltd. All samples were sealed in the field immediately upon retrieval of the core and subsampling. A total of 113 samples locations were selected for analysis. The Environmental Sciences Section (ESS) of SRTC analyzed all locations in duplicate (226 samples). MicroSeeps Ltd was selected as the quality assurance (QA) check laboratory. MicroSeeps Ltd analyzed 40 locations with 4 duplicates (44 samples). The samples were collected from seven boreholes in A/M Area in the interval from 200 feet deep to the total depth of the boring (360 feet deep nominal); samples were collected every 10 feet within this interval. The sampling zone corresponds approximately to the Crouch Branch Aquifer in A/M Area. The overall A/M Area Crouch Branch Aquifer characterization objectives, a brief description of A/M Area geology and hydrology, and the sample locations, field notes, driller lithologic logs, and required procedural documentation are presented in WSRC (1993).

This report summarizes the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) cultural resource studies that were undertaken in support of the DOE`s Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project in the state of Colorado for the period of October 1, 1991, through September 30, 1992. This report fulfills the DOE`s obligation to provide an annual report to the state of Colorado on the status and results of cultural resource studies conducted during the above period of record. This requirement is stated in a programmatic memorandum of agreement executed between the DOE, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and the Colorado State Historic Preservation Officer in December 1984. Previous reports were based on a calendar year reporting period. However, in order to be more consistent with the programmatic memorandum of agreement, the period of record for this and subsequent annual reports has been changed to the Federal fiscal year. The current status and summaries of 1992 cultural resource surveys are provided for all UMTRA Project sites in Colorado. The sites are Durango, Grand Junction, Gunnison, Maybell, Naturita, Rifle, and Slick Rock.

Designers, implementers, and marketers of data analysis tools typically have different perspectives than users. Consequently, data analysis often find themselves using tools focused on graphics and programming concepts rather than concepts which reflect their own domain and the context of their work. Some user studies focus on usability tests late in development; others observe work activity, but fail to show how to apply that knowledge in design. This paper describes a methodology for applying observations of data analysis work activity in prototype tool design. The approach can be used both in designing improved data analysis tools, and customizing visualization environments to specific applications. We present an example of user-centered design for a prototype tool to cull large data sets. We revisit the typical graphical approach of animating a large data set from the point of view of an analysis who is culling data. Field evaluations using the prototype tool not only revealed valuable usability information, but initiated in-depth discussions about user`s work, tools, technology, and requirements.

Models that address the impacts to forests of climate change are reviewed by four levels of biological organization: global, regional or landscape, community, and tree. The models are compared as to their ability to assess changes in greenhouse gas flux, land use, maps of forest type or species composition, forest resource productivity, forest health, biodiversity, and wildlife habitat. No one model can address all of these impacts, but landscape transition models and regional vegetation and land-use models consider the largest number of impacts. Developing landscape vegetation dynamics models of functional groups is suggested as a means to integrate the theory of both landscape ecology and individual tree responses to climate change. Risk assessment methodologies can be adapted to deal with the impacts of climate change at various spatial and temporal scales. Four areas of research development are identified: (1) linking socioeconomic and ecologic models, (2) interfacing forest models at different scales, (3) obtaining data on susceptibility of trees and forest to changes in climate and disturbance regimes, and (4) relating information from different scales.

This paper presents an idea for a magnet system that could be used to advantage in tokamaks and other fusion engineering devices. Higher performance designs, specifically newer tokamaks such as those for the international Tokamak Engineering Reactor (ITER) and Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) use Cable in Conduit Conductor (CICC) forced flow coils to advantage to meet field and current density requirements. Pool boiling magnets lack structural integrity to resist high magnetic forces since helium cooling areas must surround each conductor. A second problem is that any leak can threaten the voltage standoff integrity of the magnet system. This is because a leak can result in low-pressure helium gas becoming trapped by limited conductance in the magnet bundle and low-pressure helium has poor dielectric strength. The system proposed here is basically a CICC system, with it`s inherent advantages, but bathed in higher pressure supercritical helium to eliminate the leak and voltage break-down problems. Schemes to simplify helium coolant plumbing with the proposed system are discussed. A brief historical review of related magnet systems is included. The advantages and disadvantages of using higher pressure, supercritical helium in combination with solid electrical insulation in a CICC system are discussed. Related electrical data from …

Work this quarter included equipment installation, shakedown testing, and the beginning of the detailed testing program. With the exception of ongoing Task 4: Sample Characterization, Tasks 1 through 8 are now complete. Task 10: Detailed Testing and Task 12: Sample Analysis began this quarter and will consume all available time during the 5th quarter. Installation and testing of the process equipment, mechanical systems, as well as the electrical systems were completed. The shakedown process uncovered several necessary modifications to the circuit which were subsequently completed. Most of the changes concerned piping and valving modifications which allowed for better material flow and sampling. The circuit was operated with coal to determine the time for each unit to reach steady state. The primary objective of the proposed work is to design, install, and operate an advanced fine coal processing circuit combining the Microcel{trademark} and Multi-Gravity-Separator (MGS) technologies. Both of these processes have specific advantages as stand-alone units. For example, the Microcel column effectively removes ash-bearing mineral matter, while the MGS efficiently removes coal-pyrite composites.

The presence of potassium or calcium in sol gel catalysts increase the production of C{sub 4} hydrocarbon and that of methane while maintaining high activities. Characterization of catalysts using temperature programmed desorption of carbon dioxide indicates that activity and product distribution over an isosynthesis catalyst depend on its acid-base properties. Low activity was observed for catalysts with very weak basicity, and high oxygenate production for catalysts with strong basicity. An optimum strength of basic sites is crucial to achieve high activity while minimizing the amount of oxygenates. A kinetic model was developed based on the reaction mechanisms, and the simulation from the model produces reasonable fit with the experimental data.

The conference began with an introductory lecture by Bunakov. It is very appropriate that this workshop be held in Dubna as Bunakov reminded us that the experiments that motivated the current interest in the study of symmetry violation with neutrons were started here at Dubna by Alfimenkov, Pikelner, and collaborators. Bunakov discussed the fact that is the complexity of the compound nucleus that leads to large enhancement of parity violation near P-resonances and to the possibility of using statistical models to relate the measured parity violation to more-fundamental quantities. He also pointed out that it is a rare case in which complexity aids us. Bunakov did not point out that this is an example of another rare phenomena -- where theory has predicted correctly in advance the parity violating effects seen near p-resonances. As long ago as 1969, Karmanov and Lobov first predicted an enhancement of {gamma}-ray circular polarization near p-resonances. Sushkov and Flambaum later predicted asymmetries P {approximately} 10{sup {minus}2} for p-resonances and suggested {sup 117}Sn, {sup 139}La, {sup 232}Th, and {sup 238}U for study. Bunakov and Gudkov developed a theory describing the energy dependence of parity-violating effects over a large energy range. This theory predicted random signs for …

This Procurement and Assistance Data System (PADS) lists awardees under the following column headings: Awardee name, bin, completion data, description of work, division, vendor ID, city, state, congressional district, contract value, obligations to date, and P/S.

This DOE Procurement and Assistance Data System (PADS) lists active awards by: awardee name, bin, completion data, description of work, division, vendor ID, city, state, congressional district, contract value, obligations to date, and P/S.

Progress is briefly presented on the research pertaining to insulated building blocks. Areas covered include development of a stuffing machine, fabrication, sound tests, and earthquake test design.

This directory contains descriptions about each model, including the title, acronym, purpose, followed by more detailed information on characteristics, uses, and requirements. Sources for additional information are identified. Included in this directory are 35 EIA models active as of May 1, 1993. Models that run on personal computers are identified by ``PC`` as part of the acronym. EIA is developing new models, a National Energy Modeling System (NEMS), and is making changes to existing models to include new technologies, environmental issues, conservation, and renewables, as well as extend forecast horizon. Other parts of the Department are involved in this modeling effort. A fully operational model is planned which will integrate completed segments of NEMS for its first official application--preparation of EIA`s Annual Energy Outlook 1994. Abstracts for the new models will be included in next year`s version of this directory.

Environmental projects, issues, and programs have become increasingly important to the Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) management and the Department of Energy (DOE). A compliance-tracking system has been developed to monitor environmental requirements and commitments because they have become increasingly complex and numerous. An Environmental Data Management (EDM) steering committee was formed in October 1987 to develop computer system solutions to environmental needs. The committee`s main objective is to coordinate, within SRS divisions, the separate efforts that have been or are being developed to meet regulatory requirements and specific programmatic goals. The Environmental and Graphical Information Systems (E&GIS) Program was recently developed to establish a more formal organizational structure and enhance the coordination of geographical information systems (GIS) and environmental data management (EDM) activities at SRS. The general strategy of the program is to establish a coordination focal point for GIS and EDM activities, to provide for the integration of the several environmental and graphical information systems which exist mostly in stand-alone arrangements, and to guide the development of data management and geographical information applications in order to achieve alignment with Site computing architecture and standards. The E&GIS Program will enhance the Site`s ability to respond to data requirements in …

Due to the commitment and participation of more than 100 professionals from site environmental coordinators, customer improvements and total quality are being incorporated into the Environmental Implementation Plan (EIP). The EIP is now a living document that communicates an overview of site environmental programs and the facility plans that are designed to protect the environment and meet changing regulatory requirements. Continuous improvement of environmental programs is enhanced through planned quarterly self-assessments during the {open_quotes}Reflections{close_quotes} process. Through the sharing of noteworthy practices, lessons learned, and ideas for improvement, the EIP provides a framework for environmental professionals to promote cost effective solutions and program improvements through teamwork and communication. These efforts were initiated by the Central Environmental Committee Executive Committee (CECEC) and developed and coordinated by the EIP subcommittee. The EIP revision process is the baseline for a continuous improvement cycle. Although the EIP is a Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) document, the environmental-planning process involves and will benefit all site contractors. Together, we are committed to a {open_quotes}Partnership in Environmental Excellence.{close_quotes}

The objective of this study is to determine, through the collection of grab sampling data, that an in-depth resuspension study should or should not be performed. Currently there is not enough data available to determine if a potential health hazard exists due to resuspended contamination in the tank farms. A detailed resuspension study is currently not justified, because the limited quantity of air sample data collected does not indicate the existence of a potential health hazard.

This paper examines the factors that threaten the future of the Russian Federation (RF). The observations are based on a study that focused on eight republics: Mordova, Udmurtia, Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkortostan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Buryatia, and Altay Republic. These republics were selected for their geographic and economic significance to the RF. Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, and Mari El are located on important supply routes, such as the Volga River and the trans-Siberian railroad. Some of these republics are relatively wealthy, with natural resources such as oil (e.g., Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), and all eight republics play significant roles in the military-industrial complex. The importance of these republics to the RF contrasts to the relative insignificance of the independence-minded Northern Caucasus area. The author chose not to examine the Northern Caucasus region (except Kabardino-Balkaria) because these republics may have only a minor impact on the rest of the RF if they secede. Their impact would be minimized because they lie on the frontiers of the RF. Many Russians believe that {open_quotes}it might be best to let such a troublesome area secede.{close_quotes}

Measurements of the transverse dependence of the flux on the symmetry plane were obtained on a series of endpacks mounted on a Main Injector prototype dipole. From these flux measurements, we determined the endfield shape, expressed in terms of normal harmonics, up to 14-pole. We describe the measurement and analysis procedure, and present the results for all endpacks that were tested. The final endpack (number 10) has a sextupole, normalized to the body, of +0.167 [plus minus] .072 units, and the relative field shape deviates by [lt] 1.2 units relative to the on-axis field strength over the range [vert bar]x[vert bar] [lt] 2.0[double prime]. These measurements indicate that Endpack 10 meets the requirements for the Main Injector dipole.

Measurements of the transverse dependence of the flux on the symmetry plane were obtained on a series of endpacks mounted on a Main Injector prototype dipole. From these flux measurements, we determined the endfield shape, expressed in terms of normal harmonics, up to 14-pole. We describe the measurement and analysis procedure, and present the results for all endpacks that were tested. The final endpack (number 10) has a sextupole, normalized to the body, of +0.167 {plus_minus} .072 units, and the relative field shape deviates by {lt} 1.2 units relative to the on-axis field strength over the range {vert_bar}x{vert_bar} {lt} 2.0{double_prime}. These measurements indicate that Endpack 10 meets the requirements for the Main Injector dipole.

The assembly of photonics devices such as laser diodes, optical modulators, and opto-electronics multi-chip modules (OEMCM), usually requires the placement of micron size devices such as laser diodes, and sub-micron precision attachment between optical fibers and diodes or waveguide modulators (usually referred to as pigtailing). This is a very labor intensive process. Studies done by the opto-electronics (OE) industry have shown that 95% of the cost of a pigtailed photonic device is due to the use of manual alignment and bonding techniques, which is the current practice in industry. At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we are working to reduce the cost of packaging OE devices through the use of automation. Our efforts are concentrated on several areas that are directly related to an automated process. This paper will focus on our progress in two of those areas, in particular, an automated fiber pigtailing machine and silicon micro-bench technology compatible with an automated process.

Flow volumes are the volumetric equivalent of stream lines. They provide more information about the vector field being visualized than do stream lines or ribbons. Presented is an efficient method for producing flow volumes, composed of transparently rendered tetrahedra, for use in an interactive system. The problems of rendering, subdivision, sorting, rendering artifacts, and user interaction are dealt with.

The Interactive, Computer-Enhanced, Remote Viewing System (ICERVS) is designed to provide a reliable geometric description of a robotic task space in a fashion that enables robotic remediation to be carried out more efficiently and economically that with present systems. The key elements are a robust way to store empirical data and a friendly user interface that provides an operator with timely access to all that is known about a scene. ICERVS will help an operator to analyze a scene and generate additional geometric data for automating significant portions of the remediation activity. Features that enable this include the following: storage and display of empirical sensor data; ability to update segments of the geometric description of the task space; side-by-side comparisons of a live TV scene and a computer generated view of the same scene; ability to create and display computer models of perceived objects in the task space, together with textual comments; and easy export of data to robotic world models for robot guidance. Phase 1 of this project was essentially completed in the month of June. Phase 1 (Level III) of this project focuses on the development of the Data Library, which contains the geometric data about the task …