Advances in electrochemical engineering are reviewed and the methodology of analysis of electrochemical systems outlined. Examples illustrative of current research concern simultaneous reactions for flow-through porous electrodes and the more fundamental system of a rotating-disk electrode. Here the undesirable side reaction is the formation of dissolved hydrogen, and the main reaction is the deposition of copper from sulfuric acid solutions. Distributions of reaction rate, concentration, and potential describe the detailed system behavior. The side reaction is responsible for the poorly defined limiting-current plateau on the disk electrode and provides a limit for the maximum flow rate at which good recovery can be achieved with the porous electrode. 16 figures.

Volume II of the report comprises copies of the slides from the talks presented at the second session of the National Waste Terminal Storage Program information meeting. This session was devoted to geologic studies. (LK)

A SOC one-dimensional calculation of an underground nuclear test is presented to exemplify the shock propagation and spall phenomenology commonly predicted. Then to examine the effects of spherical divergence on spall, a series of SOC calculations, at different radii of curvature, are conducted and prediction of depth and velocity for the first spall zone are compared with predictions from simple analytic theory. The excellent agreement in this comparison verifies that the SOC code accurately represents the physics of spalling. This study also indicates that the total spall depth is independent of divergence because of the compensating effect that subsequent convergence has on the reflected wave. The latter result implies that the total depth of spall calculated for each underground nuclear tests must be critically examined and evaluated. Finally, SOC calculations for nuclear detonations in tuff and granite are performed to demonstrate the significant effect that variations in material response under shock loading have on shock propagation and spall.

The high-pressure safety program at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore, California, has been successful in preventing lost-time high-pressure accidents over the past 12 years. Program organization, personnel training and qualification, pressure vessel design criteria and documentation, and pressure testing and inspection are discussed.

This report presents the conceptual design and preliminary feasibility assessment for the hybrid blanket and power conversion system of the Mirror Hybrid Fusion-Fission Reactor. Existing gas-cooled fission reactor technology is directly applicable to the Mirror Hybrid Reactor. There are a number of aspects of the present conceptual design that require further design and analysis effort. The blanket and power conversion system operating parameters have not been optimized. The method of supporting the blanket modules and the interface between these modules and the primary loop helium ducting will require further design work. The means of support and containment of the primary loop components must be studied. Nevertheless, in general, the conceptual design appears quite feasible.

The object of this program is to demonstrate that large single-crystal ingots can be economically cast by the Heat Exchanger Method (HEM) and economically sliced into thin sheets with a multi-wafer slicer. An experimental program is described which is designed to demonstrate the potential and isolate the limiting parameters for crystal casting and slicing with the Heat Exchanger Method (HEM) and the multi-wafer slicer. (WDM)

This paper reports results of 2XIIB neutral-beam injection experiments with plasma-stream stabilization. The plasma stream is provided either by a pulsed plasma generator located on the field lines outside the plasma region or by ionization of neutral gas introduced at the mirror throat. In the latter case, the gas is ionized by the normal particle flux through the magnetic mirror. A method of plasma startup and sustenance in a steady-state magnetic field is reported in which the plasma stream from the pulsed plasma generator serves as the initial target for the neutral beams. After an energetic plasma of sufficient density is established, the plasma generator stream is replaced by the gas-fed stream. Lifetimes of the stabilized plasma increase with plasma temperature in agreement with the plasma stabilization of the drift-cyclotron loss-cone mode. The following plasma parameters are attained using the pulsed plasma generator for stabilization: n approximately 5 x 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/, anti W/sub i/ approximately 13 keV, T/sub e/ = 140 eV, and ntau/sub p/ approximately 7 x 10/sup 10/ cm/sup -3/.s. With the gas feed, the mean deuterium ion energy is 9 keV and the peak density n approximately 10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/. In the latter case, …

An investigation of the nuclear explosions at shallow depth is made. A combination of an explosion code and an effects code proves to be an excellent tool for this study. A numerical simulation of ''Johnie Boy'' shows that the energy coupling to the air takes place in two stages; first by a rising mound, and then by a vented source. The thermal effects are examined for a 1 kt source at three depths of burial. The ''mushroom effect'' leaves a hot radiative plasma in the upper level and cold materials in the lower region of the debris. The temperature and the energy density of the debris can give an upper limit on the thermal output.

Annual surveys of fall chinook salmon in the Hanford section (Ringold to Priest Rapids) of the Columbia River have been conducted annually since 1947. Estimates of the relative numbers of fall chinook spawning in this section of the river are obtained through several aerial surveys made each fall. The possible relationships of environmental factors to the size of the local salmon population have been reported for the period 1947 to 1969 (Watson 1970) and each year's survey results are summarized in Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Reports to USERDA (formerly USAEC) Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research. This report was prepared to provide more detailed information than is available in previous reports on the timing of spawning in the principal breeding areas during recent years.

Theoretical ideas about the new particle spectrum and dynamics are compared with the experimental data for the radiative transitions and decays of psi' and psi.

A high-intensity subkilovolt x-ray calibration source utilizing proton-induced inner-shell atomic fluorescence of low-Z elements is described. The high photon yields and low bremsstrahlung background associated with this phenomenon are ideally suited to provide intense, nearly monoenergetic x-ray beams. The proton accelerator is a 3 mA, 300 kV Cockroft-Walton using a conventional rf hydrogen ion source. Seven remotely-selectable targets capable of heat dissipation of 5 kW/cm/sup 2/ are used to provide characteristic x-rays with energies between 100 and 1000 eV. Source strengths are of the order of 10/sup 13/ to 10/sup 14/ photons/sec. Methods of reducing spectral contamination due to hydrocarbon build-up on the target are discussed. Typical x-ray spectra (Cu-L, C-K and B-K) are shown.

A computerized data base of atomic energy levels and atomic transition data has been developed from data published by the National Bureau of Standards. These data are of potential use for laser application. The MASTER CONTROL data-base management system is used. These computerized data can be requested from the ERDA Computer Program Exchange and Information Center of the Argonne National Laboratory or from the National Technical Information Service of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

A general method for determining the branching ratio for an optical transition in neutral atom atomic beams is described. By utilizing the value of the branching ratio obtained, and the lifetime of the upper level, high precision absolute cross sections can be determined.

None

The purpose of this report is to identify, assess, and document the hazards which are associated with the existence of The Special Metallurgical (SM) building at Mound Laboratory. This report is not intended to be as comprehensive as a formal Safety Analysis Report (SAR), although the same systematic approach used to analyze hazards in SARs was utilized to develop this document. Details of the Mound Laboratory site and the approach used to evaluate hazards can be found in other reports which are documented in this report.

Based on the decision to concentrate on the fluidized-bed reduction of silicon tetrachloride as a candidate process for production of low-cost solar-grade silicon, work during the current quarter was directed toward: (1) evaluation of the economic effects of operating at Zn/SiCl/sub 4/ feed ratios other than the stoichiometric 2/1; (2) design, construction, and exploratory operation of the ''miniplant'' designed to ultimately yield over 200 g hr/sup -1/ silicon for runs of 4 to 6 hr duration. It was concluded that no significant economic advantages exist in operating at Zn/SiCl/sub 4/ ratios on either side of the stoichiometric 2/1. Further, if advantages in reaction kinetics, or in product form or quality can be obtained by off-stoichiometry operation, these advantages might be obtained at only a modest increase in product cost. During the current quarter, design criteria for the miniplant were established, equipment was designed and constructed, and a number of shakedown runs were made which led to equipment modifications for improved operability.