Resource Type

TRANSIENT RADIATION EFFECTS IN CAPACITORS AND DIELECTRIC MATERIALS (open access)

TRANSIENT RADIATION EFFECTS IN CAPACITORS AND DIELECTRIC MATERIALS

Measurements of dielectric leakage, capacitance, electric strength, andd charge scattering phenomena were performed at the Kukla and Godiva III critical assemblies for tantalum and aluminum electrolytic, wax- and oilimpregnated paper, mylar, mica, and ceramic capacitors, and for mylar and Vitamin B-impregnated paper. Leakage data indicate that gamma induced conductivity in capacitor dielectric varies directly with gamma DELTA , where gamma is the gamma radiation rate and DELTA is 0.9 for mylar, 0.7 for Vitamin Q-impregnated paper, and approximately 1.0 for the other dielectrics. A small portion of the tantalum oxide conductivity induced by gamma radiation exhibited a recovery time of approximately 150 mu s. Transient capacitance changes due to radiation were non- existent within plus or minus 0.1% for mica and Vitamin Q capacitors. Transient charging of tantalum capacitors was noted during irradiation with no applied voltage. No drastic changes in electric strength were noted during irradiation of mylar and Vitamin Q-impregnated paper. Results are compared with a summary of data previously collected by others. The use of test data in parametric form as a tool for predicting transient radiation effects is discussed. (auth)
Date: August 15, 1961
Creator: Wicklein, H. W. & Dickhaut, R. H.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental impact report (draft) (open access)

Environmental impact report (draft)

The three projects as proposed by Pacific Gas and Electric Company and the environmental analysis of the projects are discussed. Sections on the natural and social environments of the proposed projects and their surrounding areas consist of descriptions of the setting, discussions of the adverse and beneficial consequences of the project, and potential mitigation measures to reduce the effects of adverse impacts. The Environmental Impact Report includes discussions of unavoidable adverse effects, irreversible changes, long-term and cumulative impacts, growth-inducing effects, and feasible alternatives to the project. (MHR)
Date: May 1, 1980
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Supercritical wing sections II. A handbook (open access)

Supercritical wing sections II. A handbook

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Bauer, F.; Garabedian, P.; Korn, D. & Jameson, A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Benefits of stimulating geothermal energy development with tax and research subsidies (open access)

Benefits of stimulating geothermal energy development with tax and research subsidies

A technique is demonstrated for evaluating benefits of subsidies and examples are given for using it to determine the cost-benefit ratio. Examples use two preferential tax treatments as opposed to direct research grants for the high-temperature, low-salinity hydrothermal resources. Results are compared and some conclusions are given. (PCS)
Date: January 1, 1976
Creator: Knutsen, C. A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal energy exploitation in New Zealand (open access)

Geothermal energy exploitation in New Zealand

The essential factors, human and technical, which control the operation of geothermal systems, particularly those which allow prediction of behavior during and after exploitation, are sketched. The strategy and co-ordination involved in using New Zealand's geothermal resources for power production are considered. The broader aspects of the technical matters involved in the design of the parasitic plant reservoir system are described. (MHR)
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Elder, J. W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drilling for geothermal resources: rules and regulations and minimum well construction standards (open access)

Drilling for geothermal resources: rules and regulations and minimum well construction standards

The following geothermal rules and regulations are presented: authority; policy; definitions; drilling; records; blow out prevention; injection wells; abandonment; maintenance; hearings; notice procedures; hearings on refused, limited, or conditioned permit; appeals; penalties; and forms;
Date: June 1, 1978
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drilling and Operating Geothermal Wells in California (open access)

Drilling and Operating Geothermal Wells in California

The following procedural points for geothermal well drilling and operation are presented: geothermal operators, definitions, geothermal unit, agent, notice of intention, fees, report on proposed operations, bonds, well name and number, well and property sale on transfer, well records, and other agencies. (MHR)
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geology and geothermal potential of Susanville, Lassen County, California (open access)

Geology and geothermal potential of Susanville, Lassen County, California

Detailed geologic mapping is described in, and immediately surrounding, the City of Susanville in order to determine the pattern of complex faulting controlling the subsurface hydrologic character of the area, and to explore for hot springs or areas of hydrothermal mineral alteration, which might suggest additional geothermal systems. (MHR)
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Rudser, R. J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tests on cores from the Wairakei Geothermal Project, Wairakei, New Zealand (open access)

Tests on cores from the Wairakei Geothermal Project, Wairakei, New Zealand

A series of tests on ckres taken from the Wairakei geothermal site in New Zealand are reported. The cores tests are representative of each of the four basic rock types significant to the functioning of the site. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were made for each rock type tk determine elastic moduli under simulated in situ conditions. Hydrostatic and triaxial deformation tests were performed on three samples of the aquifer rock to determine the effect of in situ stress on the elastic deformation moduli. Thermal conductivity was measured on all four rock types. Tabulation and graphical representation of the measured properties are included. All test procedures and apparatuses are described in detal. (MHR)
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Hendrickson, R. R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Minutes of the Geothermal Resources Board meeting, Santa Rosa, California, August 9, 1974 (open access)

Minutes of the Geothermal Resources Board meeting, Santa Rosa, California, August 9, 1974

Discussion summaries are included for the following agenda items: update on State of California geothermal programs, county geothermal regulatory programs, and environmental and institutional problems in The Geysers Geothermal Area. (MHR)
Date: January 1, 1974
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Exosporium of B.cereus Contains a Binding Site for gC1qR/p33: Implication in Spore Attachment and/or Entry (open access)

The Exosporium of B.cereus Contains a Binding Site for gC1qR/p33: Implication in Spore Attachment and/or Entry

B. cereus, is a member of a genus of aerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod-like bacilli, which includes the deadly, B. anthracis. Preliminary experiments have shown that gC1qR binds to B.cereus spores that have been attached to microtiter plates. The present studies were therefore undertaken, to examine if cell surface gC1qR plays a role in B.cereus spore attachment and/or entry. Monolayers of human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) and lung cells were grown to confluency on 6 mm coverslips in shell vials with gentle swirling in a shaker incubator. Then, 2 {micro}l of a suspension of strain SB460 B.cereus spores (3x10{sup 8}/ml, in sterile water), were added and incubated (1-4 h; 36{sup 0} C) in the presence or absence of anti-gC1qR mAb-carbon nanoloops. Examination of these cells by EM revealed that: (1) When B. cereus endospores contacted the apical Caco-2 cell surface, or lung cells, gClqR was simultaneously detectable, indicating upregulation of the molecule. (2) In areas showing spore contact with the cell surface, gClqR expression was often adjacent to the spores in association with microvilli (Caco-2 cells) or cytoskeletal projections (lung cells). (3) Furthermore, the exosporia of the activated and germinating spores were often decorated with mAb-nanoloops. These observations were further corroborated by …
Date: January 1, 2008
Creator: Ghebrehiwet, Berhane; Tantral, Lee; Titmus, Matthew A.; Panessa-Warren, Barbara J.; Tortora, George T.; Wong, Stanislaus S. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
MSTD 2007 Publications and Patents (open access)

MSTD 2007 Publications and Patents

The Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD) supports the central scientific and technological missions of the Laboratory, and at the same time, executes world-class, fundamental research and novel technological development over a wide range of disciplines. Our organization is driven by the institutional needs in nuclear weapons stockpile science, high-energy-density science, nuclear reactor science, and energy and environment science and technology. We maintain expertise and capabilities in many diverse areas, including actinide science, electron microscopy, laser-materials interactions, materials theory, simulation and modeling, materials synthesis and processing, materials science under extreme conditions, ultrafast materials science, metallurgy, nanoscience and technology, nuclear fuels and energy security, optical materials science, and surface science. MSTD scientists play leadership roles in the scientific community in these key and emerging areas.
Date: April 1, 2008
Creator: King, W. E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Three-Dimensional Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy for Biology (open access)

Three-Dimensional Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy for Biology

Recent instrumental developments have enabled greatly improved resolution of scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) through aberration correction. An additional and previously unanticipated advantage of aberration correction is the greatly improved depth sensitivity that has led to the reconstruction of a three-dimensional (3D) image from a focal series. In this chapter the potential of aberration-corrected 3D STEM to provide major improvements in the imaging capabilities for biological samples will be discussed. This chapter contains a brief overview ofthe various high-resolution 3D imaging techniques, a historical perspective of the development of STEM, first estimates of the dose-limited axial and lateral resolution on biological samples and initial experiments on stained thin sections.
Date: January 1, 2007
Creator: De Jonge, Niels; Sougrat, Rachid; Pennycook, Stephen J; Peckys, Diana B & Lupini, Andrew R
System: The UNT Digital Library
Topics in the Physics of Particle Accelerators (open access)

Topics in the Physics of Particle Accelerators

High energy physics, perhaps more than any other branch of science, is driven by technology. It is not the development of theory, or consideration of what measurements to make, which are the driving elements in our science. Rather it is the development of new technology which is the pacing item. Thus it is the development of new techniques, new computers, and new materials which allows one to develop new detectors and new particle-handling devices. It is the latter, the accelerators, which are at the heart of the science. Without particle accelerators there would be, essentially, no high energy physics. In fact. the advances in high energy physics can be directly tied to the advances in particle accelerators. Looking terribly briefly, and restricting one's self to recent history, the Bevatron made possible the discovery of the anti-proton and many of the resonances, on the AGS was found the {mu}-neutrino, the J-particle and time reversal non-invariance, on Spear was found the {psi}-particle, and, within the last year the Z{sub 0} and W{sup {+-}} were seen on the CERN SPS p-{bar p} collider. Of course one could, and should, go on in much more detail with this survey, but I think there is …
Date: July 1, 1984
Creator: Sessler, Andrew M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Opportunities for Saving Energy and Improving Air Quality in Urban Heat Islands (open access)

Opportunities for Saving Energy and Improving Air Quality in Urban Heat Islands

World energy use is the main contributor to atmospheric CO2. In 2002, about 7.0 giga metric tons of carbon (GtC) were emitted internationally by combustion of gas, liquid, and solid fuels (CDIAC, 2006), 2 to 5 times the amount contributed by deforestation (Brown et al., 1988). The share of atmospheric carbon emissions for the United States from fossil fuel combustion was 1.6 GtC. Increasing use of fossil fuel and deforestation together have raised atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration some 25% over the last 150 years. According to global climate models and preliminary measurements, these changes in the composition of the atmosphere have already begun raising the Earth's average temperature. If current energy trends continue, these changes could drastically alter the Earth's temperature, with unknown but potentially catastrophic physical and political consequences. During the last three decades, increased energy awareness has led to conservation efforts and leveling of energy consumption in the industrialized countries. An important byproduct of this reduced energy use is the lowering of CO{sub 2} emissions. Of all electricity generated in the United States, about one-sixth is used to air-condition buildings. The air-conditioning use is about 400 tera-watt-hours (TWh), equivalent to about 80 million metric tons of carbon (MtC) …
Date: July 1, 2007
Creator: Akbari, Hashem
System: The UNT Digital Library
Theoretical Studies in Heterogenous Catalysis: Towards a Rational Design of Novel Catalysts for Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrogen Production (open access)

Theoretical Studies in Heterogenous Catalysis: Towards a Rational Design of Novel Catalysts for Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrogen Production

Traditionally, knowledge in heterogeneous catalysis has come through empirical research. Nowadays, there is a clear interest to change this since millions of dollars in products are generated every year in the chemical and petrochemical industries through catalytic processes. To obtain a fundamental knowledge of the factors that determine the activity of heterogeneous catalysts is a challenge for modern science since many of these systems are very complex in nature. In principle, when a molecule adsorbs on the surface of a heterogeneous catalyst, it can interact with a large number of bonding sites. It is known that the chemical properties of these bonding sites depend strongly on the chemical environment around them. Thus, there can be big variations in chemical reactivity when going from one region to another in the surface of a heterogeneous catalyst. A main objective is to understand how the structural and electronic properties of a surface affect the energetics for adsorption processes and the paths for dissociation and chemical reactions. In recent years, advances in instrumentation and experimental procedures have allowed a large series of detailed works on the surface chemistry of heterogeneous catalysts. In many cases, these experimental studies have shown interesting and unique phenomena. Theory …
Date: October 1, 2008
Creator: Rodriguez,J.A. & Liu, P.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Laser Fusion: The First Ten Years 1962-1972 (open access)

Laser Fusion: The First Ten Years 1962-1972

This account of the beginning of the program on laser fusion at Livermore in 1962, and its subsequent development during the decade ending in 1972, was originally prepared as a contribution to the January 1991 symposium 'Achievements in Physics' honoring Professor Keith Brueckner upon his retirement from the University of San Diego at La Jolla. It is a personal recollection of work at Livermore from my vantage point as its scientific leader, and of events elsewhere that I thought significant. This period was one of rapid growth in which the technology of high-power short-pulse lasers needed to drive the implosion of thermonuclear fuel to the temperature and density needed for ignition was developed, and in which the physics of the interaction of intense light with plasmas was explored both theoretically and experimentally.
Date: July 6, 2006
Creator: Kidder, R. E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The effect of temperature on the speciation of U(VI) in sulfate solutions (open access)

The effect of temperature on the speciation of U(VI) in sulfate solutions

Sulfate, one of the inorganic constituents that could be present in the nuclear waste repository, forms complexes with U(VI) and affects its migration in the environment. Results show that the complexation of U(VI) with sulfate is enhanced by the increase in temperature. The effect of temperature on the complexation and speciation of U(VI) in sulfate solutions is discussed.
Date: September 15, 2008
Creator: Rao, Linfeng & Tian, Guoxin
System: The UNT Digital Library
Macroscopic Modeling of Polymer-Electrolyte Membranes (open access)

Macroscopic Modeling of Polymer-Electrolyte Membranes

In this chapter, the various approaches for the macroscopic modeling of transport phenomena in polymer-electrolyte membranes are discussed. This includes general background and modeling methodologies, as well as exploration of the governing equations and some membrane-related topic of interest.
Date: April 1, 2007
Creator: Weber, A.Z. & Newman, J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aberration-Coreected Electron Microscopy at Brookhaven National Laboratory (open access)

Aberration-Coreected Electron Microscopy at Brookhaven National Laboratory

The last decade witnessed the rapid development and implementation of aberration correction in electron optics, realizing a more-than-70-year-old dream of aberration-free electron microscopy with a spatial resolution below one angstrom [1-9]. With sophisticated aberration correctors, modern electron microscopes now can reveal local structural information unavailable with neutrons and x-rays, such as the local arrangement of atoms, order/disorder, electronic inhomogeneity, bonding states, spin configuration, quantum confinement, and symmetry breaking [10-17]. Aberration correction through multipole-based correctors, as well as the associated improved stability in accelerating voltage, lens supplies, and goniometers in electron microscopes now enables medium-voltage (200-300kV) microscopes to achieve image resolution at or below 0.1nm. Aberration correction not only improves the instrument's spatial resolution but, equally importantly, allows larger objective lens pole-piece gaps to be employed thus realizing the potential of the instrument as a nanoscale property-measurement tool. That is, while retaining high spatial resolution, we can use various sample stages to observe the materials response under various temperature, electric- and magnetic- fields, and atmospheric environments. Such capabilities afford tremendous opportunities to tackle challenging science and technology issues in physics, chemistry, materials science, and biology. The research goal of the electron microscopy group at the Dept. of Condensed Matter Physics and …
Date: April 1, 2008
Creator: Zhu, Y. & Wall, J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Deformation Behavior of Nanoporous Metals (open access)

Deformation Behavior of Nanoporous Metals

Nanoporous open-cell foams are a rapidly growing class of high-porosity materials (porosity {ge} 70%). The research in this field is driven by the desire to create functional materials with unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties where the material properties emerge from both morphology and the material itself. An example is the development of nanoporous metallic materials for photonic and plasmonic applications which has recently attracted much interest. The general strategy is to take advantage of various size effects to introduce novel properties. These size effects arise from confinement of the material by pores and ligaments, and can range from electromagnetic resonances to length scale effects in plasticity. In this chapter we will focus on the mechanical properties of low density nanoporous metals and how these properties are affected by length scale effects and bonding characteristics. A thorough understanding of the mechanical behavior will open the door to further improve and fine-tune the mechanical properties of these sometimes very delicate materials, and thus will be crucial for integrating nanoporous metals into products. Cellular solids with pore sizes above 1 micron have been the subject of intense research for many years, and various scaling relations describing the mechanical properties have been developed.[4] …
Date: November 28, 2007
Creator: Biener, J.; Hodge, A. M. & Hamza, A. V.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chapter 3: Evaluating the impacts of carbonaceous aerosols on clouds and climate (open access)

Chapter 3: Evaluating the impacts of carbonaceous aerosols on clouds and climate

Any attempt to reconcile observed surface temperature changes within the last 150 years to changes simulated by climate models that include various atmospheric forcings is sensitive to the changes attributed to aerosols and aerosol-cloud-climate interactions, which are the main contributors that may well balance the positive forcings associated with greenhouse gases, absorbing aerosols, ozone related changes, etc. These aerosol effects on climate, from various modeling studies discussed in Menon (2004), range from +0.8 to -2.4 W m{sup -2}, with an implied value of -1.0 W m{sup -2} (range from -0.5 to -4.5 W m{sup -2}) for the aerosol indirect effects. Quantifying the contribution of aerosols and aerosol-cloud interactions remain complicated for several reasons some of which are related to aerosol distributions and some to the processes used to represent their effects on clouds. Aerosol effects on low lying marine stratocumulus clouds that cover much of the Earth's surface (about 70%) have been the focus of most of prior aerosol-cloud interaction effect simulations. Since cumulus clouds (shallow and deep convective) are short lived and cover about 15 to 20% of the Earth's surface, they are not usually considered as radiatively important. However, the large amount of latent heat released from convective …
Date: September 3, 2007
Creator: Menon, Surabi & Del Genio, Anthony D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pestoides F, and Atypical Yersinia pestis Strain from the Former Soviet Union (open access)

Pestoides F, and Atypical Yersinia pestis Strain from the Former Soviet Union

Unlike the classical Yersinia pestis strains, members of an atypical group of Y. pestis from Central Asia, denominated Y. pestis subspecies caucasica (also known as one of several pestoides types), are distinguished by a number of characteristics including their ability to ferment rhamnose and melibiose, their lacking the small plasmid encoding the plasminogen activator (pla) and pesticin, and their exceptionally large variants of the virulence plasmid pMT (encoding murine toxin and capsular antigen). We have obtained the entire genome sequence of Y. pestis Pestoides F, an isolate from the former Soviet Union that has enabled us to carryout a comprehensive genome-wide comparison of this organism's genomic content against the six published sequences of Y. pestis and their Y. pseudotuberculosis ancestor. Based on classical glycerol fermentation (+ve) and nitrate reduction (+ve) Y. pestis Pestoides F is an isolate that belongs to the biovar antiqua. This strain is unusual in other characteristics such as the fact that it carries a non-consensus V antigen (lcrV) sequence, and that unlike other Pla{sup -} strains, Pestoides F retains virulence by the parenteral and aerosol routes. The chromosome of Pestoides F is 4,517,345 bp in size comprising some 3,936 predicted coding sequences, while its pCD and …
Date: January 5, 2007
Creator: Garcia, E.; Worsham, P.; Bearden, S.; Malfatti, S.; Lang, D.; Larimer, F. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Promoting electricity from renewable energy sources -- lessons learned from the EU, U.S. and Japan (open access)

Promoting electricity from renewable energy sources -- lessons learned from the EU, U.S. and Japan

The promotion of electricity generated from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has recently gained high priority in the energy policy strategies of many countries in response to concerns about global climate change, energy security and other reasons. This chapter compares and contrasts the experience of a number of countries in Europe, states in the US as well as Japan in promoting RES, identifying what appear to be the most successful policy measures. Clearly, a wide range of policy instruments have been tried and are in place in different parts of the world to promote renewable energy technologies. The design and performance of these schemes varies from place to place, requiring further research to determine their effectiveness in delivering the desired results. The main conclusions that can be drawn from the present analysis are: (1) Generally speaking, promotional schemes that are properly designed within a stable framework and offer long-term investment continuity produce better results. Credibility and continuity reduce risks thus leading to lower profit requirements by investors. (2) Despite their significant growth in absolute terms in a number of key markets, the near-term prognosis for renewables is one of modest success if measured in terms of the percentage of the total …
Date: June 1, 2007
Creator: Haas, Reinhard; Meyer, Niels I.; Held, Anne; Finon, Dominique; Lorenzoni, Arturo; Wiser, Ryan et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library