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The First Day of a New Congress: A Guide to Proceedings on the Senate Floor (open access)

The First Day of a New Congress: A Guide to Proceedings on the Senate Floor

This report describes the well-established routine that occurs on the opening day of a new Congress.
Date: February 26, 2014
Creator: Koempel, Michael L.; Schneider, Judy & Wu, Christina
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy (open access)

Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy

This report looks at how free trade areas (FTAs) affect U.S. trade policy, specifically tariffs. It looks closely at the Bush Administration's Trade Promotion Policy, and pending FTAs leftover from this administration. Additionally, it looks at the Obama Administration's work in the prospective Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP).
Date: February 26, 2014
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy (open access)

Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy

This report offers background information on Ukraine's current political and economic situation, foreign policy towards NATO, the European Union, and Russia. It also discusses U.S. policy, U.S. aid to Ukraine, the congressional response, and other legislation.
Date: February 26, 2014
Creator: Woehrel, Steven
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drought in the United States: Causes and Current Understanding (open access)

Drought in the United States: Causes and Current Understanding

This report discusses how drought is defined (e.g., why drought in one region of the country is different from drought in another region) and why drought occurs in the United States. It briefly describes periods of drought in the country's past that equaled or exceeded drought conditions experienced during the 20th century. This is followed by a discussion of the nature and extent of recent droughts that affected Texas and the U.S. midcontinent, and the current drought in California. Lastly, the report discusses future prospects for a climate in the western United States that might be drier than the average 20th-century climate and the possible influence of human-induced climate change.
Date: February 26, 2014
Creator: Folger, Peter & Cody, Betsy A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trade Adjustment Assistance for Farmers (open access)

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Farmers

This report discusses the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) program for firms (TAAF). The TAAF program provides technical assistance to trade-affected firms to help them develop strategies and make other adjustments to remain competitive in the changing international economy.
Date: March 26, 2014
Creator: Jurenas, Remy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Water Assistance During Drought: Federal Non-Agricultural Programs (open access)

Emergency Water Assistance During Drought: Federal Non-Agricultural Programs

This report discusses droughts in relation to several issues for Congress, including how to measure and predict drought, how to prepare, and how to coordinate federal agency actions responding to drought.
Date: February 26, 2014
Creator: Carter, Nicole T.; Cowan, Tadlock & Barrett, Joanna
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Crude Oil Export Policy: Background and Considerations (open access)

U.S. Crude Oil Export Policy: Background and Considerations

This report provides background and context about the crude oil legal and regulatory framework, discusses motivations that underlie the desire to export U.S. crude oil, and presents analysis of issues that Congress may choose to consider during debate about U.S. crude oil export policy.
Date: March 26, 2014
Creator: Brown, Phillip; Pirog, Robert; Vann, Adam; Fergusson, Ian F.; Ratner, Michael & Ramseur, Jonathan L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Worker Participation in Employer-Sponsored Pensions: A Fact Sheet (open access)

Worker Participation in Employer-Sponsored Pensions: A Fact Sheet

The main part of this report is a fact sheet that provides data on the percentage of American workers who have access to and who participate in employer-sponsored pension plans. The data was collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) through the National Compensation Survey (NCS).
Date: March 26, 2014
Creator: Topoleski, John J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Critical Infrastructure Protection: Observations on Key Factors in DHS's Implementation of Its Partnership Approach (open access)

Critical Infrastructure Protection: Observations on Key Factors in DHS's Implementation of Its Partnership Approach

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "GAO's prior work has identified several key factors that are important for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to implement its partnership approach with industry to protect critical infrastructure. DHS has made some progress in implementing its partnership approach, but has also experienced challenges coordinating with industry partners that own most of the critical infrastructure."
Date: March 26, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
International Food Aid: Better Agency Collaboration Needed to Assess and Improve Emergency Food Aid Procurement System (open access)

International Food Aid: Better Agency Collaboration Needed to Assess and Improve Emergency Food Aid Procurement System

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Although the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) jointly manage international emergency food aid procurement, the agencies disagree about the usefulness of the Web Based Supply Chain Management system (WBSCM) to manage the entire process. WBSCM had significant deficiencies when it was implemented in April 2011, which led USAID to discontinue using it to procure ocean freight for bulk commodities, manage prepositioned or stockpiled commodity inventory, and track food aid shipments. For example, WBSCM was slow and time consuming to use and its process to procure ocean freight for bulk commodities was not compatible with USAID's process to negotiate contracts with ocean freight vendors. USDA currently uses WBSCM to procure food aid commodities, while USAID procures ocean freight using other systems not connected to WBSCM. Since March 2012, USDA has made changes to WBSCM, and USDA officials assert that these changes address some of the problems that led to USAID's decision to discontinue use of the system."
Date: March 26, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Spectrum Management: FCC's Use and Enforcement of Buildout Requirements (open access)

Spectrum Management: FCC's Use and Enforcement of Buildout Requirements

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has established buildout requirements—which require a licensee to build the necessary infrastructure and put the assigned spectrum to use within a set amount of time—for most wireless services, including cellular and personal communication services. FCC tailors the buildout requirements it sets for a wireless service based on the physical characteristics of the relevant spectrum and comments of stakeholders, among other factors. Therefore, buildout requirements vary across wireless services. For example, a buildout requirement can set the percentage of a license's population or geographic area that must be covered by service or can describe the required level of service in narrative terms rather than numeric benchmarks. Buildout requirements also vary by how much time a licensee has to meet a requirement and whether it has to meet one requirement or multiple requirements in stages."
Date: February 26, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
USDA Litigation: Limited Data Available on USDA Attorney Fee Claims and Payments (open access)

USDA Litigation: Limited Data Available on USDA Attorney Fee Claims and Payments

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In April 2012, GAO found that the Department of Agriculture (USDA) did not report any aggregated data on attorney fee claims and payments made under the Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA) and other fee-shifting statutes for fiscal years 2000 through 2010, but USDA and other key departments involved—the Departments of the Treasury and Justice—maintained certain data on individual cases or payments in several internal agency databases. However, collectively, these data did not capture all claims and payments. USDA officials stated at the time that given the decentralized nature of the department and the absence of an external requirement to track or report on attorney fee information, the information was not centrally tracked and decisions about whether to track attorney fee data and the manner in which to do so were best handled at the agency level. Officials from 29 of the 33 USDA agencies GAO contacted for its April 2012 report stated that they did not track or could not readily provide GAO with this information. The remaining 4 USDA agencies had mechanisms to track information on attorney fees, were able to compile this information manually, or …
Date: March 26, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Contracting: Noncompetitive Contracts Based on Urgency Need Additional Oversight (open access)

Federal Contracting: Noncompetitive Contracts Based on Urgency Need Additional Oversight

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Departments of Defense (DOD) and State and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) used the urgency exception to a limited extent, but the reliability of some federal procurement data elements is questionable. For fiscal years 2010 through 2012, obligations reported under urgent noncompetitive contracts ranged from less than 1 percent to about 12 percent of all noncompetitive contract obligations. During that time, DOD obligated $12.5 billion noncompetitively to procure goods and services using the urgency exception, while State and USAID obligated $582 million and about $20 million respectively, almost exclusively to procure services. Among the items procured were personal armor, guard services and communications equipment to support missions in Afghanistan and Iraq. GAO found coding errors that raise concerns about the reliability of federal procurement data on the use of the urgency exception. Nearly half—28 of the 62 contracts in GAO's sample—were incorrectly coded as having used the urgency exception when they did not. GAO found that 20 of the 28 miscoded contracts were awarded using procedures that are more simple and separate from the requirements related to the use of the urgency exception. …
Date: March 26, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Health System: Sustained Senior Leadership Needed to Fully Develop Plans for Achieving Cost Savings (open access)

Military Health System: Sustained Senior Leadership Needed to Fully Develop Plans for Achieving Cost Savings

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Department of Defense (DOD) senior leadership has demonstrated a commitment to oversee implementation of its military health system’s (MHS) reform and has taken a number of actions to enhance the reform efforts. For example, in March 2013, DOD chartered the MHS Governance Transition Organization to provide oversight, management, and support for the implementation. This entity is chartered to exist until October 2015, when the Defense Health Agency (DHA) is expected to reach full operating capability. Formation of this entity addresses an issue GAO reported on in April 2012—that DOD did not form such a team to oversee its 2006 MHS reform effort."
Date: February 26, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
F-35 Joint Strike Fighter: Slower Than Expected Progress in Software Testing May Limit Initial Warfighting Capabilities (open access)

F-35 Joint Strike Fighter: Slower Than Expected Progress in Software Testing May Limit Initial Warfighting Capabilities

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Delays in developmental flight testing of the F-35's critical software may hinder delivery of the warfighting capabilities the military services expect. F-35 developmental flight testing comprises two key areas: mission systems and flight sciences. Mission systems testing verifies that the software-intensive systems that provide critical warfighting capabilities function properly and meet requirements, while flight sciences testing verifies the aircraft's basic flying capabilities. Challenges in development and testing of mission systems software continued through 2013, due largely to delays in software delivery, limited capability in the software when delivered, and the need to fix problems and retest multiple software versions. The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E) predicts delivery of warfighting capabilities could be delayed by as much as 13 months. Delays of this magnitude will likely limit the warfighting capabilities that are delivered to support the military services' initial operational capabilities—the first of which is scheduled for July 2015—and at this time it is not clear what those specific capabilities will be because testing is still ongoing. In addition, delays could increase the already significant concurrency between testing and aircraft procurement and result in additional cost growth. …
Date: March 26, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Certain Physician Feedback Reporting Practices of Private Entities Could Improve CMS's Efforts (open access)

Medicare: Certain Physician Feedback Reporting Practices of Private Entities Could Improve CMS's Efforts

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Private entities GAO reviewed for this study selected a range of measures and benchmarks to assess physician group performance, and provided feedback reports to physicians more than once a year. Private entities almost exclusively focused their feedback efforts on primary care physician groups participating in medical homes and accountable care organizations, which hold physicians responsible for the quality and cost of all services provided. They limited their feedback reporting to those with a sufficient number of enrollees to ensure the reliability of reported measures. The entities decided on the number and type of measures for their reports, and compared each group's performance to multiple benchmarks, including peer group averages or past performance. All the entities used quality measures, and some also used utilization or cost measures. Because of the variety of quality measures and benchmarks, feedback report content differed across the entities. Some entities noted that in addition to national benchmarks, they compared results to state or regional level rates to reflect local patterns of care which may be more relevant to their physicians. Most health insurers spent from 4 to 6 months to generate their …
Date: March 26, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Information Technology: Leveraging Best Practices and Reform Initiatives Can Help Defense Manage Major Investments (open access)

Information Technology: Leveraging Best Practices and Reform Initiatives Can Help Defense Manage Major Investments

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Information technology (IT) acquisition best practices have been developed by both industry and the federal government to help guide the successful acquisition of investments. For example, GAO recently reported on nine factors that were considered as critical to successful acquisitions (see table)."
Date: February 26, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Countering Overseas Threats: DOD and State Need to Address Gaps in Monitoring of Security Equipment Transferred to Lebanon (open access)

Countering Overseas Threats: DOD and State Need to Address Gaps in Monitoring of Security Equipment Transferred to Lebanon

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The United States allocated $671 million for Lebanese security forces from fiscal year 2009 through fiscal year 2013. Of these total allocated funds, $477 million, or 71 percent, had been disbursed or committed by the end of fiscal year 2013. Nearly all of the allocations made in fiscal years 2009 through 2011 had been disbursed or committed. For the largest program, Foreign Military Financing, the Department of Defense (DOD) had committed about $352 million of the $481 million allocated in fiscal years 2009 through 2013."
Date: February 26, 2014
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Sun, Natural Selection, and Skin Color (open access)

The Sun, Natural Selection, and Skin Color

Lesson plan containing a collection of activities and resources regarding the sun, natural selection, and skin color that meet state education standards and national sustainability standards for the 8th grade level.
Date: June 26, 2014
Creator: Rodriguez, Kathia
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Renewable Energy Sources (open access)

Renewable Energy Sources

Lesson plan containing a collection of activities and resources regarding renewable energy sources that meet state education standards and national sustainability standards for the 8th grade level.
Date: June 26, 2014
Creator: Rodriguez, Kathia
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Study of Systems (open access)

The Study of Systems

Lesson plan containing a collection of activities and resources regarding the study of systems that meet state education standards and national sustainability standards for the 8th grade level.
Date: June 26, 2014
Creator: Rodriguez, Kathia
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Study of Systems (open access)

The Study of Systems

Lesson plan containing a collection of activities and resources regarding the study of systems and that meet state education standards and national sustainability standards for the 5th grade level.
Date: June 26, 2014
Creator: Ibarra, Vanessa
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Importance of Relationships (open access)

Importance of Relationships

Lesson plan containing a collection of activities and resources regarding the importance of relationships that meet state education standards and national sustainability standards for the kindergarten grade level.
Date: June 26, 2014
Creator: Ibarra, Vanessa
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Plants, Animals, and Habitats (open access)

Plants, Animals, and Habitats

Lesson plan containing a collection of activities and resources regarding plants, animals, and habitats that meet state education standards and national sustainability standards for the 1st grade level.
Date: June 26, 2014
Creator: Rodriguez, Kathia
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library