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European Union Enlargement: A Status Report on Turkey's Accession Negotiations (open access)

European Union Enlargement: A Status Report on Turkey's Accession Negotiations

This report provides a brief overview of the European Union's (EU) accession process and Turkey's path to EU membership.
Date: March 15, 2012
Creator: Morelli, Vincent
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law (open access)

Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law

Crime is ordinarily proscribed, tried, and punished according to the laws of the place where it occurs. American criminal law applies beyond the geographical confines of the United States, however, under certain limited circumstances. A surprising number of federal criminal statutes have extraterritorial application, but prosecutions have been few. This may be because when extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction does exist, practical and legal complications, and sometimes diplomatic considerations, may counsel against its exercise.
Date: February 15, 2012
Creator: Doyle, Charles
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. National Science Foundation: An Overview (open access)

U.S. National Science Foundation: An Overview

The National Science Foundation (NSF) was created by the National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended (P.L.81-507). The NSF has the broad mission of supporting science and engineering in general and funding basic research across many disciplines. The agency provides support for investigator-initiated, merit-reviewed, competitively selected awards, state-of-the-art tools, and instrumentation and facilities. The majority of the research supported by the NSF is conducted at U.S. colleges and universities. The Administration's FY2013 budget request for NSF is $7,373.1 million, 4.8% above the FY2012 estimated level of $7,033.1 million.
Date: March 15, 2012
Creator: Matthews, Christine M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Resistance to impact criteria can lead to a tightening of the accountability noose (open access)

Resistance to impact criteria can lead to a tightening of the accountability noose

Article discussing research on how the resistance to impact criteria can lead to a tightening of the accountability noose.
Date: March 15, 2012
Creator: Holbrook, J. Britt & Frodeman, Robert
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Immigration Provisions of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) (open access)

Immigration Provisions of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)

This report discusses the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA, P.L. 103-322) that congress passed in 1994. This legislation created new programs within the Departments of Justice and Health and Human Services that aimed to both reduce domestic violence and improve response to and recovery from domestic violence incidents.
Date: May 15, 2012
Creator: Kandel, William A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Domestic Terrorist Threat: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

The Domestic Terrorist Threat: Background and Issues for Congress

In the last decade, domestic terrorists-people who commit crimes within the homeland and draw inspiration from U.S.-based extremist ideologies and movements-have killed American citizens and damaged property across the country. Not all of these criminals have been prosecuted under terrorism statutes. This report discusses domestic terrorism's significance to policymakers per five topics: level of activity, use of nontraditional tactics, exploitation of the internet, decentralized nature of the threat, and prison radicalization. The report also discusses three areas that Congress may consider the federal role of combating such activities: the issue of definitions, adequacy of domestic terrorism intelligence collection efforts, and the value of community outreach driven efforts to quell terrorism related radicalization in the United States.
Date: May 15, 2012
Creator: Bjelopera, Jerome P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Canadian Oil Sands: Life-Cycle Assessments of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (open access)

Canadian Oil Sands: Life-Cycle Assessments of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Recent congressional interest in U.S. energy policy has focused in part on ways through which the United States could secure more economical and reliable crude oil resources both domestically and internationally. Many forecasters identify petroleum refined from Canadian oil sands as one possible solution. This report discusses conclusions revealed from a survey of available literature on the matter, particularly in regards to Greenhouse Gas and Well-to-Tank emissions.
Date: May 15, 2012
Creator: Lattanzio, Richard K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy

This report discusses the current state of Bahrain, which has undergone substantial political reforms since the late 1990s, but which still suffers from tension between the Shiite majority and the Sunni-led government. This report focuses particularly on Bahrain's relationship with Iran and Bahrain's relationship with the United States.
Date: March 15, 2012
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Identity Theft: Trends and Issues (open access)

Identity Theft: Trends and Issues

In 2010, about 8.1 million Americans were reportedly victims of identity fraud, and the average identity fraud victim incurred a mean of $631 in costs as a result of the fraud—the highest level since 2007. Identity theft is often committed to facilitate other crimes such as credit card fraud, document fraud, or employment fraud, which in turn can affect not only the nation's economy but its security. Consequently, in securing the nation and its economic health, policy makers are also tasked with reducing identity theft and its impact.
Date: February 15, 2012
Creator: Finklea, Kristin M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria: Issues for Congress and U.S. Contributions from FY2001 to FY2013 (open access)

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria: Issues for Congress and U.S. Contributions from FY2001 to FY2013

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (Global Fund, or the Fund) was established in 2002 as a public-private partnership that could provide significant financial support for global responses to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria. In November 2011, the Global Fund Board announced that due to inadequate resources from donors, it would cancel its 11th round of funding, but would maintain support for existing activities to avoid disruptions in ongoing services. Global health advocates urge Congress to meet the President's FY2013 request for the Fund in order to support the sustainability of its activities and to encourage continued contributions from other donors. Although Congress has traditionally been a strong supporter of the Fund, several issues may affect congressional views about the Fund in the future, which are discussed in this report.
Date: May 15, 2012
Creator: Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji & Kendall, Alexandra E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Global Climate Change Initiative (GCCI): Budget Authority and Request, FY2010-FY2013 (open access)

The Global Climate Change Initiative (GCCI): Budget Authority and Request, FY2010-FY2013

The United States supports international financial assistance for global climate change initiatives in developing countries. The Global Climate Change Initiative (GCCI) aims to integrate climate change considerations into U.S. foreign assistance through a full range of bilateral, multilateral, and private sector mechanisms to foster low-carbon growth, promote sustainable and climate-resilient societies, and reduce emissions from deforestation and land degradation. The GCCI is implemented through programs at three "core" agencies—the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)—and is funded through the Administration's Executive Budget, Function 150 account, for State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs. As Congress considers potential authorizations and/or appropriations for activities administered through the GCCI, it may have questions concerning U.S. agency initiatives and current bilateral and multilateral programs that address global climate change.
Date: March 15, 2012
Creator: Lattanzio, Richard K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Interplay of Borders, Turf, Cyberspace, and Jurisdiction: Issues Confronting U.S. Law Enforcement (open access)

The Interplay of Borders, Turf, Cyberspace, and Jurisdiction: Issues Confronting U.S. Law Enforcement

Globalization and technological innovation have fostered the expansion of both legitimate and criminal operations across physical borders as well as throughout cyberspace. U.S. law enforcement has increasingly relied on intelligence-led policing, enhanced interagency cooperation, and technological implementation to confront 21st century crime. Issues for Congress are how it can leverage its legislative and oversight roles to bolster U.S. law enforcement's abilities to confront modern-day crime. It may also examine whether federal law enforcement is utilizing existing mechanisms to effectively coordinate investigations and share information.
Date: February 15, 2012
Creator: Finklea, Kristin M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA): What Is It, and How Has It Been Utilized? (open access)

Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA): What Is It, and How Has It Been Utilized?

The deadly attacks on Afghan civilians allegedly by a U.S. service member have raised questions regarding the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) in place between the United States and Afghanistan that would govern whether Afghan law would apply in this circumstance. In the case of Afghanistan, the SOFA, in force since 2003, provides that U.S. Department of Defense military and civilian personnel are to be accorded status equivalent to that of U.S. Embassy administrative and technical staff under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic relations of 1961. Accordingly, U.S. personnel are immune from criminal prosecution by Afghan authorities and are immune from civil and administrative jurisdiction except with respect to acts performed outside the course of their duties. Under the existing SOFA, the United States would have jurisdiction over the prosecution of the service member who allegedly attacked the Afghan civilians.
Date: March 15, 2012
Creator: Mason, R. Chuck
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Previewing the Next Farm Bill (open access)

Previewing the Next Farm Bill

Congress periodically establishes agricultural and food policy in an omnibus farm bill. The 112th Congress faces reauthorization of the current five-year farm bill because many of its provisions expire in 2012. The 2008 farm bill contained 15 titles covering farm commodity support, horticulture, livestock, conservation, nutrition assistance, international food aid, trade, agricultural research, farm credit, rural development, bioenergy, and forestry, among others. Leaders of the House and Senate Agriculture Committees anticipate having a new farm bill completed before the end of this session. If the current farm bill expires without a new authorization or a temporary extension, it automatically would be replaced with permanent statutes for farm commodity support, which are not fully compatible with current national economic objectives, global trading rules, and federal budgetary or regulatory policies.
Date: February 15, 2012
Creator: Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Civilian Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act: Federal Contractor Criminal Liability Overseas (open access)

Civilian Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act: Federal Contractor Criminal Liability Overseas

The United States government uses hundreds of thousands of civilian contractors and employees overseas. They and their dependents are often subject to local prosecution for the crimes they commit abroad. Whether by agreement, practice, or circumstance—sometimes they are not. This report looks at two bills that would supplement the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (MEJA), which permits federal persecution of certain crimes commuted abroad by Defense Department civilian employees, contractors, or their dependents. These two bills are the Civilian Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (CEJA) and S.1145.
Date: February 15, 2012
Creator: Doyle, Charles
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aviation and the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme (open access)

Aviation and the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme

This report looks at how the European Union Emission Trading Scheme's coverage of carbon emission from commercial flights affects air carriers from the United States and other countries.
Date: May 15, 2012
Creator: Leggett, Jane A.; Elias, Bart & Shedd, Daniel T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current Issues (open access)

NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current Issues

This report gives an overview of the feasibility of burdensharing amongst North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states due to the global financial crisis and defense budget cuts in many of the contributing nations.
Date: February 15, 2012
Creator: Ek, Carl
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Legislative Considerations (open access)

Congressional Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Legislative Considerations

This report provides an overview and analysis of congressional advisory commissions, information on the general statutory structure of a congressional commission, and a catalog of congressional commissions created since the 101st Congress.
Date: February 15, 2012
Creator: Glassman, Matthew Eric & Straus, Jacob R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Resolutions of Inquiry: An Analysis of Their Use in the House, 1947-2011 (open access)

Resolutions of Inquiry: An Analysis of Their Use in the House, 1947-2011

A resolution of inquiry is a simple resolution making a direct request or demand of the President or the head of an executive department to furnish the House with specific factual information in the Administration's possession. Under the rules and precedents of the U.S. House of Representatives, such resolutions, if properly drafted, are given a privileged parliamentary status. This means that, under certain circumstances, a resolution of inquiry can be brought up on the House floor even if the committee to which it was referred has not reported it and the majority party leadership has not scheduled it for consideration. This report discusses the background, purpose, and efficiency of these inquiries.
Date: May 15, 2012
Creator: Davis, Christopher M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reducing the Budget Deficit: Policy Issues (open access)

Reducing the Budget Deficit: Policy Issues

This report discusses why the federal government's fiscal path is unsustainable and provides an overview of proposals of selected groups that have published detailed recommendations on how to return the federal budget to a sustainable course.
Date: February 15, 2012
Creator: Labonte, Marc
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 025, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 15, 2012 (open access)

Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 025, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 15, 2012

Daily newspaper from Sweetwater, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 15, 2012
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 050, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 15, 2012 (open access)

Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 050, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 15, 2012

Daily newspaper from Sweetwater, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 15, 2012
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 076, Ed. 1 Sunday, April 15, 2012 (open access)

Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 076, Ed. 1 Sunday, April 15, 2012

Daily newspaper from Sweetwater, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: April 15, 2012
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 359, Ed. 1 Sunday, January 15, 2012 (open access)

Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 359, Ed. 1 Sunday, January 15, 2012

Daily newspaper from Sweetwater, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 15, 2012
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History