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International Trade: Rules of Origin (open access)

International Trade: Rules of Origin

This report deals with Rules of origin (ROO) in three parts. First, we describe in more detail the reasons that country of origin rules are important and briefly describe U.S. laws and methods that provide direction in making these determinations. Second, we discuss briefly some of the more controversial issues involving rules of origin, including the apparently subjective nature of some CBP origin determinations, and the effects of the global manufacturing process on ROO. Third, we conclude with some alternatives and options that Congress could consider that might assist in simplifying the process.
Date: January 5, 2012
Creator: Jones, Vivian C. & Martin, Michael F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Western Sahara (open access)

Western Sahara

This report discusses how Morocco and the independence-seeking Popular Front for the Liberation of Saqiat al Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario) have been vying for control of the Western Sahara, a former Spanish territory, since the 1970s. The report discusses recent settlement attempts, as well as how the Western Sahara issue has affected Algerian-Moroccan bilaterial relations, Moroccan relations with the African Union, and regional cooperation on economic and security issues. The report also discusses the United States' involvement in and stance on the issue.
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: Arieff, Alexis
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Spectrum Policy in the Age of Broadband: Issues for Congress (open access)

Spectrum Policy in the Age of Broadband: Issues for Congress

This report discusses key spectrum policy provisions in the bills, as well as other spectrum policy issues that are being considered in the 112th Congress, such as the role of wholesale networks like that being deployed by LightSquared.
Date: January 5, 2012
Creator: Moore, Linda K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Navy Ohio Replacement (SSBN[X]) Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Navy Ohio Replacement (SSBN[X]) Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress

This report discusses the Navy's plan to develop and design a class of 12 next-generation ballistic missile submarines, or SSBN(X)s, as replacements for the 14 Ohio class SSBNs currently in operation. The report explores certain related issues for Congress, including the affordability of the project and its potential impact on other Navy shipbuilding programs, alternatives to the program, and which shipyard or shipyards will build the proposed ships.
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Response to the Global Threat of Tuberculosis: Basic Facts (open access)

U.S. Response to the Global Threat of Tuberculosis: Basic Facts

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most widespread infectious diseases in the world, infecting an average of 9 million people annually. Although TB is curable, more than 1 million TB-related deaths occur each year. Due in part to a growing global response to TB, progress has been made in combating the disease. Globally, new TB infection rates have begun to slowly decline and TB mortality rates have decreased significantly since 1990. At the same time, absolute numbers of people infected with TB, particularly in Asia and Africa, continue to rise. Congress has recognized TB as an important humanitarian issue and increasingly as a potential threat to global security. In its second session, the 112th Congress will likely debate the appropriate funding levels and optimum strategy for addressing the continued challenge of global TB.
Date: January 5, 2012
Creator: Kendal, Alexandra E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Funding Emergency Communications: Technology and Policy Considerations (open access)

Funding Emergency Communications: Technology and Policy Considerations

This report identifies areas where changes in existing policies and practices may facilitate achievement of the important goals for emergency communications that Congress and others have identified. Why these goals have become important, and recent planning efforts to achieve these goals, is discussed first. Next, possible barriers to achieving these goals are identified and described. The conclusion revisits key options presently under consideration by Congress.
Date: January 5, 2012
Creator: Moore, Linda K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY2012 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues (open access)

FY2012 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues

This report focuses exclusively on the annual defense authorization process. It does not include language concerning appropriations, veterans' affairs, tax implications of policy choices, or any discussion of separately introduced legislation.
Date: January 5, 2012
Creator: Burrelli, David F.; Henning, Charles A.; Jansen, Don J. & Kapp, Lawrence
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell": Issues for Congress (open access)

The Repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell": Issues for Congress

On December 22, 2010, President Obama signed into law legislation calling for the repeal of the existing law barring open homosexuality in the military by prescribing a series of steps that must take place before repeal occurs. One step was fulfilled on July 22, 2011, when the President signed the certification of the process ending the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy, which was repealed on September 20, 2011. This report considers issues that Congress may wish to consider as the repeal process proceeds.
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: Burrelli, David F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Women in Combat: Issues for Congress (open access)

Women in Combat: Issues for Congress

This report looks at the history of women in US military roles and combat since the 1990's. It also discusses critic's views of exclusionary policy as a civil rights issue.
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: Burrelli, David F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Aid Conditions, Restrictions, and Reporting Requirements (open access)

Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Aid Conditions, Restrictions, and Reporting Requirements

This report provides a comprehensive list of existing laws and pending legislation containing conditions, limitations, and reporting requirements for U.S. foreign assistance to Pakistan. It will track the debate on this topic and resulting changes.
Date: January 5, 2012
Creator: Epstein, Susan B. & Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview (open access)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview

This report is a look at the funding for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a laboratory of the Department of Commerce. NIST is mandated to provide technical services to facilitate the competitiveness of U.S. industry. In 2007, the Advanced Technology Program (ATP) was terminated and replaced by the Technology Innovation Program (TIP). However, no funding was appropriated for TIP in the FY2012 appropriations legislation and NIST is "...currently taking the necessary actions for an orderly shutdown." In April 2009, the current President stated his decision to double the budget of key science agencies, including NIST, over the next 10 years. While additional funding has been forthcoming, it remains to be seen how support for internal R&D at NIST will evolve and how this might affect financing of extramural efforts such as MEP. The dispensation of funding for NIST programs may influence the way by which the federal government supports technology development for commercial application.
Date: March 5, 2012
Creator: Schacht, Wendy H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Internships, Fellowships, and Other Work Experience Opportunities in the Federal Government (open access)

Internships, Fellowships, and Other Work Experience Opportunities in the Federal Government

This report describes Internet resources on major internship, fellowship, and work experience programs within the federal government. It is intended as a selective guide for students of all levels: high school, undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate.
Date: January 5, 2012
Creator: Manning, Jennifer E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA): A Summary (open access)

The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA): A Summary

This report summarizes the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and the major regulatory programs that mandate reporting by industrial facilities of releases of potentially hazardous chemicals to the environment, as well as local planning to respond in the event of significant, accidental releases.
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: Schierow, Linda-Jo
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests (open access)

The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests

The United States and the Republic of the Philippines maintain close ties stemming from the U.S. colonial period, the bilateral security alliance, extensive military cooperation, and common strategic and economic interests. Although the United States closed its military bases in the Philippines in 1992, the two treaty allies have continued joint military activities related to counterterrorism and maritime security. This report looks at the U.S. foreign policy towards the Philippines.
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: Lum, Thomas
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Questions and Answers (open access)

The European Union: Questions and Answers

This report provides a brief overview of the European Union (EU), an economic and political partnership between 27 sovereign member states. The report describes the formation of the EU, the three main institutions of the EU, and the EU's relationship with the United States.
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Educating the Community: Preserving Tomorrow's Treasures Today (open access)

Educating the Community: Preserving Tomorrow's Treasures Today

This book chapter discusses educating communities. and preserving tomorrow's treasures today. Librarians, curators, archivists, and volunteers work hard to conserve and preserve materials as they are added to their collections, insuring that the materials can be safely used. However, not all genealogical and historical information is held in cultural institutions; unknown numbers of valuable information sources reside with individuals and in residences. By educating the community today on how to protect the treasures in their care, we have the potential to minimize the repairs needed for these items in the future.
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: Phillips, Jessica
Object Type: Book Chapter
System: The UNT Digital Library
Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress

The Department of Defense (DOD) spends billions of dollars per year on fuel, and is pursuing numerous initiatives for reducing its fuel needs and changing the mix of energy sources that it uses. DOD's energy initiatives pose several potential oversight issues for Congress, and have been topics of discussion and debate at hearings on DOD's proposed FY2013 budget.
Date: June 5, 2012
Creator: Schwartz, Moshe; Blakeley, Katherine & O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Health Care Flexible Spending Accounts (open access)

Health Care Flexible Spending Accounts

Health care Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs) are benefit plans established by employers to reimburse employees for health care expenses such as deductibles and copayments. FSAs are usually funded by employees through salary reduction agreements, although employers are permitted to contribute as well. The contributions to and withdrawals from FSAs are tax-exempt. This report discusses two recent bills, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the Health Care Cost Reduction Act of 2012, both of which limits contributions to FSAs and redefines over the counter (OTC) drugs,
Date: June 5, 2012
Creator: Mulvey, Janemarie
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
International Trade: Rules of Origin (open access)

International Trade: Rules of Origin

This report deals with rules of origin (ROO) in three parts. First, we describe in more detail the reasons that country of origin rules are important and briefly describe U.S. laws and methods that provide direction in making these determinations. Second, we discuss briefly some of the more controversial issues involving rules of origin, including the apparently subjective nature of some CBP origin determinations, and the effects of the global manufacturing process on ROO. Third, we conclude with some alternatives and options that Congress could consider that might assist in simplifying the process.
Date: January 5, 2012
Creator: Jones, Vivian C. & Martin, Michael F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Latin America: Terrorism Issues (open access)

Latin America: Terrorism Issues

U.S. attention to terrorism in Latin America intensified in the aftermath of the September 2001 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, with an increase in bilateral and regional cooperation. Over the past several years, policymakers have been concerned about Iran's increasing activities in Latin America, particularly its relations with Venezuela, although there has been disagreement over the extent and significance of Iran's relations with the region. In the 112th Congress, several initiatives have been introduced related to terrorism issues in the Western Hemisphere regarding Mexico, Venezuela, and the activities of Iran and Hezbollah, and several oversight hearings have been held.
Date: January 5, 2012
Creator: Sullivan, Mark P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 016, Ed. 1 Sunday, February 5, 2012 (open access)

Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 016, Ed. 1 Sunday, February 5, 2012

Daily newspaper from Sweetwater, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 5, 2012
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 041, Ed. 1 Monday, March 5, 2012 (open access)

Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 041, Ed. 1 Monday, March 5, 2012

Daily newspaper from Sweetwater, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 5, 2012
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 068, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 5, 2012 (open access)

Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 068, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 5, 2012

Daily newspaper from Sweetwater, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 351, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 5, 2012 (open access)

Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 351, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 5, 2012

Daily newspaper from Sweetwater, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 5, 2012
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History