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Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Urban Heat-island Effects: Findings from an India Experiment (open access)

Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Urban Heat-island Effects: Findings from an India Experiment

Cool roofs, cool pavements, and urban vegetation reduce energy use in buildings, lower local air pollutant concentrations, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions from urban areas. This report summarizes the results of a detailed monitoring project in India and related simulations of meteorology and air quality in three developing countries. The field results quantified direct energy savings from installation of cool roofs on individual commercial buildings. The measured annual energy savings potential from roof-whitening of previously black roofs ranged from 20-22 kWh/m2 of roof area, corresponding to an air-conditioning energy use reduction of 14-26% in commercial buildings. The study estimated that typical annual savings of 13-14 kWh/m2 of roof area could be achieved by applying white coating to uncoated concrete roofs on commercial buildings in the Metropolitan Hyderabad region, corresponding to cooling energy savings of 10-19%. With the assumption of an annual increase of 100,000 square meters of new roof construction for the next 10 years in the Metropolitan Hyderabad region, the annual cooling energy savings due to whitening concrete roof would be 13-14 GWh of electricity in year ten alone, with cumulative 10-year cooling energy savings of 73-79 GWh for the region. The estimated savings for the entire country would …
Date: May 25, 2011
Creator: Akbari, Hashem; Xu, Tengfang; Taha, Haider; Wray, Craig; Sathaye, Jayant; Garg, Vishal et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DISTRIBUTION COEFICIENTS (KD) GENERATED FROM A CORE SAMPLE COLLECTED FROM THE SALTSTONE DISPOSAL FACILITY (open access)

DISTRIBUTION COEFICIENTS (KD) GENERATED FROM A CORE SAMPLE COLLECTED FROM THE SALTSTONE DISPOSAL FACILITY

Core samples originating from Vault 4, Cell E of the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF) were collected in September of 2008 (Hansen and Crawford 2009, Smith 2008) and sent to SRNL to measure chemical and physical properties of the material including visual uniformity, mineralogy, microstructure, density, porosity, distribution coefficients (K{sub d}), and chemical composition. Some data from these experiments have been reported (Cozzi and Duncan 2010). In this study, leaching experiments were conducted with a single core sample under conditions that are representative of saltstone performance. In separate experiments, reducing and oxidizing environments were targeted to obtain solubility and Kd values from the measurable species identified in the solid and aqueous leachate. This study was designed to provide insight into how readily species immobilized in saltstone will leach from the saltstone under oxidizing conditions simulating the edge of a saltstone monolith and under reducing conditions, targeting conditions within the saltstone monolith. Core samples were taken from saltstone poured in December of 2007 giving a cure time of nine months in the cell and a total of thirty months before leaching experiments began in June 2010. The saltstone from Vault 4, Cell E is comprised of blast furnace slag, class F fly …
Date: April 25, 2011
Creator: Almond, P. & Kaplan, D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Embodied Energy and Off-Grid Lighting (open access)

Embodied Energy and Off-Grid Lighting

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fuel-based lighting are substantial given the paltry levels of lighting service provided to users, leading to a great opportunity for GHG mitigation byencouraging the switch from fuel-based to rechargeable LED lighting. However, as with most new energy technology, switching to efficient lighting requires an up-front investment of energy(and GHGs) embedded in the manufacture of replacement components. We studied a population of off-grid lighting users in 2008-2009 in Kenya who were given the opportunity to adopt LEDlighting. Based on their use patterns with the LED lights and the levels of kerosene offset we observed, we found that the embodied energy of the LED lamp was"paid for" in only one month for grid charged products and two months for solar charged products. Furthermore, the energyreturn-on investment-ratio (energy produced or offset over the product's service life divided by energy embedded) for off-grid LED lighting ranges from 12 to 24, which is on par with on-gridsolar and large-scale wind energy. We also found that the energy embodied in the manufacture of a typical hurricane lantern is about one-half to one-sixth of that embodied in the particular LEDlights that we evaluated, indicating that the energy payback time would be …
Date: January 25, 2011
Creator: Alstone, Peter; Mills, Evan & Jacobson, Arne
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Senegal: Background and U.S. Relations (open access)

Senegal: Background and U.S. Relations

This report covers the background, recent politics, governant, and economy of Senegal. It also looks at security and human rights issues and Senegal's ties with France and the Middle East. It ends with a look at U.S. - Senegal relations.
Date: March 25, 2011
Creator: Arieff, Alexis
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Treasury Securities and the U.S. Sovereign Credit Default Swap Market (open access)

Treasury Securities and the U.S. Sovereign Credit Default Swap Market

This report explains how the sovereign credit default swap (CDS) market works and how such CDS price trends may illuminate fiscal stresses facing sovereign governments. Although CDS prices may be imperfect measures of the federal government's fiscal condition, some investors may try to glean information from those price trends. CDS prices have been playing an important role in the European government debt markets and could potentially affect U.S debt markets in the future. European policymakers have debated certain restrictions on types of sovereign CDS trading, and such calls for reform may be of interest to U.S. lawmakers.
Date: July 25, 2011
Creator: Austin, D. Andrew & Miller, Rena S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Validation of Numerical Two-Fluid and Kinetic Plasma Models (open access)

Validation of Numerical Two-Fluid and Kinetic Plasma Models

This was a four year grant commencing October 1, 2003 and finishing September 30, 2007. The funding was primarily used to support the work of the Principal Investigator, who collaborated with Profs. Scott Parker and John Cary at U. Colorado, and with two students, N. Xiang and J. Cheng also of U. Colorado. The technical accomplishments of this grant can be found in the publications listed in the final Section here. The main accomplishments of the grant work were: (1) Development and implementation of time-implicit two-fluid simulation methods in collaboration with the NIMROD team; and (2) Development and testing of a new time-implicit delta-f, energy-conserving method The basic two-fluid method, with many improvements is used in present NIMROD calculations. The energy-conserving delta-f method is under continuing development under contract between Coronado Consulting, a New Mexico sole proprietorship and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Date: March 25, 2011
Creator: Barnes, Daniel
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicaid and CHIP Maintenance of Effort (MOE): Requirements and Responses (open access)

Medicaid and CHIP Maintenance of Effort (MOE): Requirements and Responses

This report summarizes the MOE requirements enacted under American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as modified by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 and what these requirements have meant for states in terms of their actions to restrict Medicaid and/or CHIP eligibility. It also summarizes recent legislative activity to repeal the MOE requirements.
Date: May 25, 2011
Creator: Baumrucker, Evelyne P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The I=2 pi-pi S-wave Scattering Phase Shift from Lattice QCD (open access)

The I=2 pi-pi S-wave Scattering Phase Shift from Lattice QCD

None
Date: July 25, 2011
Creator: Beane, S.; Chang, E.; Detmold, W.; Lin, H. W.; Luu, T.; Orginos, K. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy and Water Development: FY2011 Appropriations (open access)

Energy and Water Development: FY2011 Appropriations

This report discusses key budgetary issues for FY2011 involving the Energy and Water Development appropriations bill, which provides funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation, the Department of Energy, and a number of independent agencies.
Date: February 25, 2011
Creator: Behrens, Carl E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Survey of SRF guns (open access)

Survey of SRF guns

Developing Superconducting RF (SRF) electron guns is an active field with several laboratories working on different gun designs. While the first guns were based on elliptic cavity geometries, Quarter Wave Resonator (QWR) option is gaining popularity. QWRs are especially well suited for producing beams with high charge per bunch. In this talk we will describe recent progress in developing both types of SRF guns. SRF guns made excellent progress in the last two years. Several guns generated beams and one, at HZDR, injected beam into an accelerator. By accomplishing this, HZDR/ELBE gun demonstrated feasibility of the SRF gun concept with a normal-conducting Cs{sub 2}Te cathode. The cathode demonstrated very good performance with the lifetime of {approx}1 year. However, for high average current/high bunch charge operation CsK{sub 2}Sb is preferred as it needs green lasers, unlike UV laser for the Cs{sub 2}Te, which makes it easier to build laser/optics systems. Other high QE photocathodes are being developed for SRF guns, most notably diamond-amplified photocathode. Several QWR guns are under development with one producing beam already. They are very promising for high bunch charge operation. The field is very active and we should expect more good results soon.
Date: July 25, 2011
Creator: Belomestnykh, S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Superconducting 112 MHz QWR electron gun (open access)

Superconducting 112 MHz QWR electron gun

Brookhaven National Laboratory and Niowave, Inc. have designed and fabricated a superconducting 112 MHz quarter-wave resonator (QWR) electron gun. The first cold test of the QWR cryomodule has been completed at Niowave. The paper describes the cryomodule design, presents the cold test results, and outline plans to upgrade the cryomodule. Future experiments include studies of different photocathodes and use for the coherent electron cooling proof-of-principle experiment. Two cathode stalk options, one for multi-alkali photocathodes and the other one for a diamond-amplified photocathode, are discussed. A quarter-wave resonator concept of superconducting RF (SRF) electron gun was proposed at BNL for electron cooling hadron beams in RHIC. QWRs can be made sufficiently compact even at low RF frequencies (long wavelengths). The long wavelength allows to produce long electron bunches, thus minimizing space charge effects and enabling high bunch charge. Also, such guns should be suitable for experiments requiring high average current electron beams. A 112 MHz QWR gun was designed, fabricated, and cold-tested in collaboration between BNL and Niowave. This is the lowest frequency SRF gun ever tested successfully. In this paper we describe the gun design and fabrication, present the cold test results, and outline our plans. This gun will also …
Date: July 25, 2011
Creator: Belomestnykh, S.; Ben-Zvi, Ilan; Boulware, C. H.; Chang, X.; Grimm, T. L.; Rao, T. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Libya: Unrest and U.S. Policy (open access)

Libya: Unrest and U.S. Policy

This report discusses the revolution and current conflict in Libya. The current crisis was triggered in mid-February 2011 by a chain of events in Benghazi and other eastern cities that quickly spiraled out of Qadhafi's control. Although Libyan opposition groups had called for a so-called "day of rage" on February 17 to commemorate protests that had occurred five years earlier, localized violence erupted prior to the planned national protests. As of April 25, U.S. and coalition officials stated that coalition military operations had destroyed the ability of the Libyan military to control Libyan airspace and had reduced the capability of Libyan ground forces by roughly 30%-40%.
Date: April 25, 2011
Creator: Blanchard, Christopher M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Libya: Background and U.S. Relations (open access)

Libya: Background and U.S. Relations

This report discusses the recent revolution in Libya, from its 2011 uprising to the end of the Qadhafi era. It specifically looks at Libya's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) disarmament, political reform and human rights, and energy as it relates to the Libyan economy.
Date: February 25, 2011
Creator: Blanchard, Christopher M. & Zanotti, Jim
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electronic Structure of CeFeAsO1-xFx (x=0, 0.11/x=0.12) compounds (open access)

Electronic Structure of CeFeAsO1-xFx (x=0, 0.11/x=0.12) compounds

We report an extensive study on the intrinsic bulk electronic structure of the high-temperature superconductor CeFeAsO{sub 0.89}F{sub 0.11} and its parent compound CeFeAsO by soft and hard x-ray photoemission, x-ray absorption and soft-x-ray emission spectroscopies. The complementary surface/bulk probing depth, and the elemental and chemical sensitivity of these techniques allows resolving the intrinsic electronic structure of each element and correlating it with the local structure, which has been probed by extended-x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The measurements indicate a predominant 4f{sup 1} (i.e. Ce{sup 3+}) initial state configuration for Cerium and an effective valence-band-to-4f charge-transfer screening of the core hole. The spectra also reveal the presence of a small Ce f{sup 0} initial state configuration, which we assign to the occurrence of an intermediate valence state. The data reveal a reasonably good agreement with the partial density of states as obtained in standard density functional calculations over a large energy range. Implications for the electronic structure of these materials are discussed.
Date: January 25, 2011
Creator: Bondino, F.; Magnano, E.; Booth, C. H.; Offi, F.; Panaccione, G.; Malvestuto, M. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intermediate-Valence Tautomerism in Decamethylytterbocene Complexes of Methyl-Substituted Bipyridines (open access)

Intermediate-Valence Tautomerism in Decamethylytterbocene Complexes of Methyl-Substituted Bipyridines

Multiconfigurational, intermediate valent ground states are established in several methyl-substituted bipyridine complexes of bispentamethylcyclopentadienylytterbium, Cp*{sub 2} Yb(Me{sub x}-bipy). In contrast to Cp*{sub 2} Yb(bipy) and other substituted-bipy complexes, the nature of both the ground state and the first excited state are altered by changing the position of the methyl or dimethyl substitutions on the bipyridine rings. In particular, certain substitutions result in multiconfigurational, intermediate valent open-shell singlet states in both the ground state and the first excited state. These conclusions are reached after consideration of single-crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), the temperature dependence of x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS), and magnetic susceptibility data, and are supported by CASSCF-MP2 calculations. These results place the various Cp*{sub 2}Yb(bipy) complexes in a new tautomeric class, that is, intermediate-valence tautomers.
Date: January 25, 2011
Creator: Booth, Corwin H.; Kazhdan, Daniel; Werkema, Evan L.; Walter, Marc D.; Lukens, Wayne W.; Bauer, Eric D. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Is Biopower Carbon Neutral? (open access)

Is Biopower Carbon Neutral?

This report assesses the variables involved in determining whether or not biopower (i.e., electricity generated from biomass) is a carbon-neutral alternative to fossil fuels as a way to help meet meet U.S. energy demands and reduce U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It includes information about the biomass carbon cycle, GHG accounting for biopower production, recent developments affecting the assessment, and overview of whether or not it can be considered carbon neutral, and legislative implications.
Date: January 25, 2011
Creator: Bracmort, Kelsi
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

Doctoral Recital: 2011-04-25 - Lindsay Braun, clarinet

Recital presented at the UNT College of Music Recital Hall in partial fulfillment of the Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA) degree.
Date: April 25, 2011
Creator: Braun, Lindsay
Object Type: Sound
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of Simple Causal Message Logging for Large-Scale Fault Tolerant HPC Systems (open access)

Evaluation of Simple Causal Message Logging for Large-Scale Fault Tolerant HPC Systems

The era of petascale computing brought machines with hundreds of thousands of processors. The next generation of exascale supercomputers will make available clusters with millions of processors. In those machines, mean time between failures will range from a few minutes to few tens of minutes, making the crash of a processor the common case, instead of a rarity. Parallel applications running on those large machines will need to simultaneously survive crashes and maintain high productivity. To achieve that, fault tolerance techniques will have to go beyond checkpoint/restart, which requires all processors to roll back in case of a failure. Incorporating some form of message logging will provide a framework where only a subset of processors are rolled back after a crash. In this paper, we discuss why a simple causal message logging protocol seems a promising alternative to provide fault tolerance in large supercomputers. As opposed to pessimistic message logging, it has low latency overhead, especially in collective communication operations. Besides, it saves messages when more than one thread is running per processor. Finally, we demonstrate that a simple causal message logging protocol has a faster recovery and a low performance penalty when compared to checkpoint/restart. Running NAS Parallel Benchmarks …
Date: February 25, 2011
Creator: Bronevetsky, G.; Meneses, E. & Kale, L. V.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
MPO B593110 - Final Report (open access)

MPO B593110 - Final Report

National Security Technologies, LLC (NSTec) shall provide one (1) Mechanical Engineer to support the Linear Collider Subsystem Development Program at Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS). The NSTec Mechanical Engineer's efforts will include engineering, design, and drawing support for the Vacuum Seal Test. NSTec will also provide a final report of the setup and input to LLNL's project management on project status. The NSTec Mechanical Engineer's efforts will also include engineering, design, and drawing support to the conceptual design for manufacturing of the Flux Concentrator Magnet. NSTec will also contribute to LLNS's final report on the Flux Concentrator Magnet. The deliverables are drawings, sketches, engineering documents, and final reports delivered to the LLNS Technical Representative.
Date: July 25, 2011
Creator: Brooksby, C
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 119, No. 16, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 25, 2011 (open access)

Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 119, No. 16, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 25, 2011

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 25, 2011
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 119, No. 39, Ed. 1 Friday, February 25, 2011 (open access)

Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 119, No. 39, Ed. 1 Friday, February 25, 2011

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 25, 2011
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 119, No. 59, Ed. 1 Friday, March 25, 2011 (open access)

Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 119, No. 59, Ed. 1 Friday, March 25, 2011

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 25, 2011
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 119, No. 102, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 25, 2011 (open access)

Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 119, No. 102, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 25, 2011

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 25, 2011
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 119, No. 125, Ed. 1 Saturday, June 25, 2011 (open access)

Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 119, No. 125, Ed. 1 Saturday, June 25, 2011

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: June 25, 2011
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History