25 Year Lifetime for Flexible Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics (open access)

25 Year Lifetime for Flexible Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics

Although preliminary proof-of-principle of the efficacy of barrier materials and processes, first developed by Battelle at PNNL and commercialized by Vitex, has been demonstrated at the laboratory scale, there are several challenges to the practical commercial implementation of these developments in the Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market. Two important issues that are addressed in this project are identifying a low cost substrate material that can survive in the outside environment (rain, heat, dust, hail, etc.) for 25 years and developing an encapsulation method for the photovoltaic (PV) cells that can meet the required barrier performance without driving the cost of the total barrier package out of range (remaining below $3.00/Wp). Without these solutions, current encapsulation technologies will limit the use of PV for BIPV applications. Flexible, light-weight packaging that can withstand 25 years in the field is required for a totally flexible integrated PV package. The benefit of this research is to make substantial progress in the development of a cost-effective, viable thin film barrier package which will be a critical enabling technology to meet the Solar America Initiative cost and device reliability goals, and to make photovoltaics (PV) more cost-competitive with electricity generated using fossil fuels. Increased PV installations …
Date: July 10, 2010
Creator: Gross, Mark E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
317/319 Phytoremediation site monitoring report - 2009 growing season : final report. (open access)

317/319 Phytoremediation site monitoring report - 2009 growing season : final report.

In 1999, Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) designed and installed a series of engineered plantings consisting of a vegetative cover system and approximately 800 hybrid poplars and willows rooting at various predetermined depths. The plants were installed using various methods including Applied Natural Science's TreeWell{reg_sign} system. The goal of the installation was to protect downgradient surface and groundwater by intercepting the contaminated groundwater with the tree roots, removing moisture from the upgradient soil area, reducing water infiltration, preventing soil erosion, degrading and/or transpiring the residual volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and removing tritium from the subsoil and groundwater. This report presents the results of the monitoring activities conducted by Argonne's Energy Systems (ES) Division in the growing season of 2009. Monitoring of the planted trees began soon after the trees were installed in 1999 and has been conducted every summer since then. As the trees grew and consolidated their growth into the contaminated soil and groundwater, their exposure to the contaminants was progressively shown through tissue sampling. During the 2009 sampling campaign, VOC concentrations found in the French Drain area were in general consistent with or slightly lower than the 2008 results. Additionally, closely repeated, stand wide analyses showed contaminant fluctuations that …
Date: February 10, 2010
Creator: Negri, C .N.; Benda, P. L.; Gopalakrishnan, G. & Systems, Energy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
4w Thomson Scattering Probe for High-density Measurements at Titan (open access)

4w Thomson Scattering Probe for High-density Measurements at Titan

None
Date: May 10, 2010
Creator: Ross, J. S.; Kline, J. L.; Yang, S.; Henesian, M.; Weiland, T.; Price, D. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ab initio Based Modeling of Radiation Effects in Multi-Component Alloys:  Final Scientific/Technical Report (open access)

Ab initio Based Modeling of Radiation Effects in Multi-Component Alloys: Final Scientific/Technical Report

The project began March 13, 2006, allocated for three years, and received a one year extension from March 13, 2009 to March 12, 2010. It has now completed 48 of 48 total months. The project was focused on using ab initio methods to gain insights into radiation induced segregation (RIS) in Ni-Fe-Cr alloys. The project had the following key accomplishments • Development of a large database of ab initio energetics that can be used by many researchers in the future for increased understanding of this system. For example, we have the first calculations showing a dramatic stabilization effect of Cr-Cr interstitial dumbbells in Ni. • Prediction of both vacancy and interstitial diffusion constants for Ni-Cr and Ni-Fe for dilute Cr and Fe. This work included generalization of widely used multifrequency models to make use of ab initio derived energetics and thermodynamics. • Prediction of qualitative trends of RIS from vacancy and interstitial mechanisms, suggesting the two types of defect fluxes drive Cr RIS in opposite directions. • Detailed kinetic Monte Carlo modeling of diffusion by vacancy mechanism in Ni-Cr as a function of Cr concentration. The results demonstrate that Cr content can have a significant effect on RIS. • Development …
Date: June 10, 2010
Creator: Morgan, Dane
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advances in Modeling Exploding Bridgewire Initiation (open access)

Advances in Modeling Exploding Bridgewire Initiation

There is great interest in applying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation techniques to the designs of electrical high explosive (HE) initiators, for the purpose of better understanding a design's sensitivities, optimizing its performance, and/or predicting its useful lifetime. Two MHD-capable LLNL codes, CALE and ALE3D, are being used to simulate the process of ohmic heating, vaporization, and plasma formation in exploding bridgewires (EBW). Initiation of the HE is simulated using Ignition & Growth reactive flow models. 1-D, 2-D and 3-D models have been constructed and studied. The models provide some intuitive explanation of the initiation process and are useful for evaluating the potential impact of identified aging mechanisms (such as the growth of intermetallic compounds or powder sintering). The end product of this work is a simulation capability for evaluating margin in proposed, modified or aged initiation system designs.
Date: March 10, 2010
Creator: Hrousis, C A & Christensen, J S
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The AIG Rescue, Its Impact on Markets, and the Government's Exit Strategy (open access)

The AIG Rescue, Its Impact on Markets, and the Government's Exit Strategy

June report of the U.S. Congressional Oversight Panel describing their activities and findings regarding the impact of the 2007-2008 financial crisis on American International Group (AIG) and the subsequent rescue of the firm by the financial assistance received from the federal government.
Date: June 10, 2010
Creator: United States. Congressional Oversight Panel.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aircraft Field Exercise to Develop Multi-Spectral and Infrared Imaging for CTBT On-Site Inspections (open access)

Aircraft Field Exercise to Develop Multi-Spectral and Infrared Imaging for CTBT On-Site Inspections

None
Date: September 10, 2010
Creator: Henderson, J. R.; Smith, M. O. & Zelinski, M. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ammonia Absorption Technologies Development for Air Conditioning, Heat Pumping and Refrigeration (open access)

Ammonia Absorption Technologies Development for Air Conditioning, Heat Pumping and Refrigeration

The project management task under the project was completed and related to the development of a plan for the implementation of the project and is thus not relevant to final report. For this reason it is not included.
Date: March 10, 2010
Creator: Rocky Research
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Application of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation to the Space Surveillance Network (open access)

Application of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation to the Space Surveillance Network

None
Date: September 10, 2010
Creator: Jefferson, D R & Leek, J
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the Potential for Hydrogen Generation During Deactivation and Decommissioning of Reactor Vessels at the Savannah River Site (open access)

Assessment of the Potential for Hydrogen Generation During Deactivation and Decommissioning of Reactor Vessels at the Savannah River Site

The R- and P-reactor vessels at the Savannah River Site (SRS) are being prepared for deactivation and decommissioning (D&D). D&D activities will consist primarily of physically isolating and stabilizing the reactor vessel by filling it with a grout material. The reactor vessels contain aluminum alloy materials, which pose a concern in that aluminum corrodes rapidly when it comes in contact with the alkaline grout. A product of the corrosion reaction is hydrogen gas and therefore potential flammability issues were assessed. A model was developed to calculate the hydrogen generation rate as the reactor is being filled with the grout material. Three options existed for the type of grout material for D&D of the reactor vessels. The grout formulation options included ceramicrete (pH 6-8), a calcium aluminate sulfate (CAS) based cement (pH 10), or Portland cement grout (pH 12.4). Corrosion data for aluminum in concrete were utilized as input for the model. The calculations considered such factors as the surface area of the aluminum components, the open cross-sectional area of the reactor vessel, the rate at which the grout is added to the reactor vessel, and temperature. Given the hydrogen generation rate, the hydrogen concentration in the vapor space of the …
Date: November 10, 2010
Creator: Wiersma, B.; Serrato, M. & Langton, C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Axions from cosmic string and wall decay (open access)

Axions from cosmic string and wall decay

If inflation occurred with a reheat temperature > T{sub PQ}, axions from the decay of global axion strings and domain walls would make an important contribution to the cosmological energy density, comparable to that from vacuum misalignment. Several groups have numerically studied the evolution of axion strings and walls in the past, however substantial uncertainties remain in their contribution to the present density {Omega}{sub a,string+wall} {approx} 1-100 (f{sub a}/10{sup 12} GeV){sup 7/6}, where f{sub a} is the axion decay constant. I will describe the numerical methods used in our simulations and show results for several string and wall configurations.
Date: March 10, 2010
Creator: Hagmann, C A
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Beam Fields and Energy Dissipation Inside the the BE Beam Pipe of the Super-B Detector (open access)

Beam Fields and Energy Dissipation Inside the the BE Beam Pipe of the Super-B Detector

We study the bunch field diffusion and energy dissipation in the beam pipe of the Super-B detector, which consists of two coaxial Be thin pipes (half a millimeter). Cooling water will run between these two pipes. Gold and nickel will be sputtered (several microns) onto the beryllium pipe at different sides. The Maxwell equations for the beam fields in these thin layers are solved numerically for the case of infinite pipes. We also calculate the amplitude of the electromagnetic fields outside the beam pipe, which may be noticeable as the beam current can reach 4 A in each beam. Results of simulations are used for the design of this central part of the Super-B detector.
Date: September 10, 2010
Creator: Novokhatski, Alexander & Sullivan, Michael
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Beam Fields in an Integrated Cavity, Coupler and Window Configuration (open access)

Beam Fields in an Integrated Cavity, Coupler and Window Configuration

In a multi-bunch high current storage ring, beam generated fields couple strongly into the RF cavity coupler structure when beam arrival times are in resonance with cavity fields. In this study the integrated effect of beam fields over several thousand RF periods is simulated for the complete cavity, coupler, window and waveguide system of the PEP-II B-factory storage ring collider. We show that the beam generated fields at frequencies corresponding to several bunch spacings for this case gives rise to high field strength near the ceramic window which could limit the performance of future high current storage rings such as PEP-X or Super B-factories.
Date: February 10, 2010
Creator: Weathersby, Stephen & Novokhatski, Alexander
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Biological Laboratories: Design and Implementation Considerations for Safety Reporting Systems (open access)

Biological Laboratories: Design and Implementation Considerations for Safety Reporting Systems

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "As the number of biological labs increases, so too do the safety risks for lab workers. Data on these risks--collected through a safety reporting system (SRS) from reports of hazards, incidents, and accidents--can support safety efforts. However, no such system exists for all biological labs, and a limited system--managed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)--applies to only a subset of these labs. While a national SRS has been proposed, design and implementation are complex. In this context, GAO was asked to identify lessons from (1) the literature and (2) case studies; and to apply those lessons to (3) assess CDC and APHIS's theft, loss, or release (TLR) system for select agents, such as anthrax, and (4) suggest design and implementation considerations for a labwide SRS. To do its work, GAO analyzed SRS literature; conducted case studies of SRSs in aviation, commercial nuclear, and health care industries; and interviewed agency officials and biosafety specialists."
Date: September 10, 2010
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

Biological Systems for Hydrogen Photoproduction

This presentation summarizes biological systems for hydrogen photoproduction.
Date: June 10, 2010
Creator: Ghirardi, M.
Object Type: Presentation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Biotechnology in Animal Agriculture: Status and Current Issues (open access)

Biotechnology in Animal Agriculture: Status and Current Issues

This report mainly focus on the Status and Current Issues Biotechnology in Animal Agriculture which is rapidly advancing in Biotechnology.
Date: September 10, 2010
Creator: Cowan, Tadlock
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
BPM Breakdown Potential in the PEP-II B-factory Storage Ring Collider (open access)

BPM Breakdown Potential in the PEP-II B-factory Storage Ring Collider

High current B-Factory BPM designs incorporate a button type electrode which introduces a small gap between the button and the beam chamber. For achievable currents and bunch lengths, simulations indicate that electric potentials can be induced in this gap which are comparable to the breakdown voltage. This study characterizes beam induced voltages in the existing PEP-II storage ring collider BPM as a function of bunch length and beam current.
Date: February 10, 2010
Creator: Weathersby, Stephen & Novokhatski, Alexander
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Burma's 2010 Elections: Implications of the New Constitution and Election Laws (open access)

Burma's 2010 Elections: Implications of the New Constitution and Election Laws

This report discusses Burma first parliamentary elections in 20 years. The elections are to be held under a new constitution, supposedly approved in a national referendum held in 2008 in the immediate aftermath of the widespread destruction caused by Cyclone Nargis.
Date: May 10, 2010
Creator: Martin, Michael F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Bush Tax Cuts and the Economy (open access)

The Bush Tax Cuts and the Economy

The George W. Bush Administration enacted a series of tax cuts through the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. This report examines these tax cuts within the context of the current and long-term economic environment.
Date: November 10, 2010
Creator: Hungerford, Thomas L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Bush Tax Cuts and the Economy (open access)

The Bush Tax Cuts and the Economy

The George W. Bush Administration enacted a series of tax cuts through the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. This report examines these tax cuts within the context of the current and long-term economic environment.
Date: December 10, 2010
Creator: Hungerford, Thomas L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Business Systems Modernization: Internal Revenue Service's Fiscal Year 2010 Expenditure Plan (open access)

Business Systems Modernization: Internal Revenue Service's Fiscal Year 2010 Expenditure Plan

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) Business Systems Modernization (BSM) program is a multi-billion dollar, high risk, highly complex effort that involves the development and delivery of a number of modernized systems that are intended to replace the agency's aging business and tax processing systems. As required, IRS submitted its fiscal year 2010 expenditure plan in November 2009 to the House and Senate appropriations committees, requesting approximately $254 million from the BSM account. GAO's objectives in reviewing the expenditure plan were to (1) determine whether it satisfies the applicable legislative conditions, (2) determine IRS's progress in implementing prior expenditure plan review recommendations, and (3) provide additional observations about the plan and the BSM program. To accomplish the objectives, GAO analyzed the plan, reviewed related documentation, and interviewed IRS officials."
Date: May 10, 2010
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests (open access)

Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests

This report discusses the current status of Central Asian states and U.S. policy, which has been aimed at facilitating their cooperation with U.S. and NATO stabilization efforts in Afghanistan and their efforts to combat terrorism, proliferation, and trafficking in arms, drugs, and persons. Congress will be considering an increase in support for the programs in Central Asia.
Date: August 10, 2010
Creator: Nichol, Jim
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The CGC and the Glasma: Two Lectures at the Yukawa Institute (open access)

The CGC and the Glasma: Two Lectures at the Yukawa Institute

These lectures present the theory of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) and the Glasma in an elementary and intuitive manner. This matter controls the high energy limit of QCD. The CGC is the universal limit for the components of a hadron wavefunction important for high energy scattering processes. It is a highly coherent, extremely high energy density ensemble of gluon states. The Glasma is matter produced in the collision of CGCs of two hadrons. It has properties much different from those of the CGC, and is produced in a very short time after the collision. It eventually evolves from the the Color Glass Condensate initial conditions into a Quark Gluon Plasma. We can visualize the collision of two high energy hadrons as shown in Fig. 1. Before the collision, two hadrons appear as Lorentz contracted sheets approaching one another at near light speed. These we will later describe as two sheets of Colored Glass. In a very short time, the sheets of Color Glass interpenetrate one another. This we think of as the initial singularity for the collision. This is of course not a real singularity for finite collision energy, but we will see it becomes one in the limit …
Date: August 10, 2010
Creator: McLerran, L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
CHASM Challenge Problem: Lagrangian Hydrodynamics (open access)

CHASM Challenge Problem: Lagrangian Hydrodynamics

None
Date: September 10, 2010
Creator: Hornung, R.; Keasler, J. & Gokhale, M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library