618-10 Burial Ground VPU Nonintrusive Characterization Process and Data Collection Workshop (open access)

618-10 Burial Ground VPU Nonintrusive Characterization Process and Data Collection Workshop

This report presents the nonintrusive characterization measurement results for the 618-10 Burial Ground and provides a general assessment of the estimated dose, isotopic concentrations, and bounding transuranic radionuclide inventories for the 618-10 vertical pipe units and trenches, based on interpretation of data from a system of in situ radiological multi-detector probes.
Date: December 21, 2010
Creator: Khabir, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2009 Hanford Site Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Report (open access)

2009 Hanford Site Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Report

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) commitment to assuring the health and safety of its workers includes the conduct of epidemiologic surveillance activities that provide an early warning system for health problems among workers. The Illness and Injury Surveillance Program monitors illnesses and health conditions that result in an absence of workdays, occupational injuries and illnesses, and disabilities and deaths among current workers.
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: United States. Department of Energy. Office of Illness and Injury Prevention Programs.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2009 Pantex Plant Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance (open access)

2009 Pantex Plant Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) commitment to assuring the health and safety of its workers includes the conduct of epidemiologic surveillance activities that provide an early warning system for health problems among workers. The Illness and Injury Surveillance Program monitors illnesses and health conditions that result in an absence of workdays, occupational injuries and illnesses, and disabilities and deaths among current workers.
Date: December 15, 2010
Creator: United States. Department of Energy. Office of Illness and Injury Prevention Programs.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2010 Solar Program Peer Review Report: An Independent Evaluation of Program Activities for FY2009 and FY2010 (open access)

2010 Solar Program Peer Review Report: An Independent Evaluation of Program Activities for FY2009 and FY2010

This document summarizes the recommendations and evaluations provided by an independent external panel of experts at the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program's 2010 Program Review meeting, held on May 24?27, 2010, in Washington, D.C.
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: Program, DOE Solar Energy Technologies
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
229Th the Bridge Between Nuclear and Atomic Interactions (open access)

229Th the Bridge Between Nuclear and Atomic Interactions

The precise measurement of time has been a goal of physicists for centuries. With every new increase in our ability to measure time we have discovered new phenomena. The most advanced clocks available to us currently are atomic clocks that use electronic transitions to track the passage of time. In this proposal, I put forward the framework for the first nuclear clock estimated to be 1000 to 10000 times more precise than the current atomic clocks. This research will explore in detail the atomic nuclear interactions and help perfect and refine current atomic-nuclear interaction models. The realization of a {sup 229}Th nuclear clock will allow tests of cosmology by measuring the change of the fine structure constant as a function of time. The results of these experiments could dramatically alter our view of the universe, its past and future evolution. Precision clocks - with fundamental physics applications - require a long-lived quantum transition (two-level system) that is immune to external perturbations. Nuclear transitions would be better suited than atomic transitions for these applications except that nuclear transitions are typically much higher in energy and therefore cannot be accessed with table-top lasers. There is, however, one promising nuclear transition: the doublet …
Date: December 2, 2010
Creator: Burke, J T; Casperson, R J; Swanberg, E L & Thomas, D
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
3HE RECOVERY FROM A TRITIUM-AGED LANA75 SAMPLE (open access)

3HE RECOVERY FROM A TRITIUM-AGED LANA75 SAMPLE

{sup 3}He recovery is a topic of recent interest. One potential recovery source is from metal hydride materials once used to store tritium, as the decay product, {sup 3}He, is primarily trapped in the metal lattice, usually in bubbles, with such materials. In 2001, a Tritium Exposure Program (TEP) sample known as LANA75-SP1 was retired and the material was removed from the test cell and stored. Subsequently scoping temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted on that material to see what it might take to drive out He and residual H isotopes (the heel). Two experiments consisted of heating the sample in the presence of an excess of tin (the so-called Sn fusion experiment), and one was a simple TPD with no additives. Prior data on the so-called '21-month bed' material in the 1980's had produced {approx}21 cc of gas per gram of a LANA30 material (LaNi4.7Al0.3), with approximately 67% of that being {sup 3}He and the rest being D{sub 2} (Fig.3). However, the material had to be heated in excess of 850 C to obtain that level. Heating to less produced approximately half that amount of gas. The data also showed that {sup 3}He was released at different temperatures …
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: Shanahan, K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Abiotic Degradation Rates for Carbon Tetrachloride and Chloroform: Progress in FY 2010 (open access)

Abiotic Degradation Rates for Carbon Tetrachloride and Chloroform: Progress in FY 2010

This report documents the progress made through FY 2010 on a project initiated in FY 2006 to help address uncertainties related to the rates of hydrolysis in groundwater at the Hanford Site for carbon tetrachloride (CT) and chloroform (CF). The study also explores the possible effects of contact with minerals and sediment (i.e., heterogeneous hydrolysis) on these rates. The research was initiated to decrease the uncertainties in abiotic degradation rates of CT and chloroform CF associated with temperature and possible heterogeneous effects. After 2 years of data collection, the first evidence for heterogeneous effects was identified for hydrolysis of CT, and preliminary evidence for the effects of different mineral types on CF hydrolysis rates also was reported. The CT data showed no difference among mineral types, whereas significant differences were seen in the CF results, perhaps due to the fact that CF hydrolyzes by both neutral and base-catalyzed mechanisms whereas CT follows only the neutral hydrolysis path. In this report, we review the project objectives, organization, and technical approaches taken, update the status and results of the hydrolysis-rate experiments after 4 years of experimentation (i.e., through FY 2010), and provide a brief discussion of how these results add to scientific …
Date: December 8, 2010
Creator: Amonette, James E.; Jeffers, Peter M.; Qafoku, Odeta; Russell, Colleen K.; Humphrys, Daniel R.; Wietsma, Thomas W. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Absorbed XFEL Dose in the Components of the LCLS X-Ray Optics (open access)

Absorbed XFEL Dose in the Components of the LCLS X-Ray Optics

There is great concern that the short, intense XFEL pulse of the LCLS will damage the optics that will be placed into the beam. We have analyzed the extent of the problem by considering the anticipated materials and position of the optical components in the beam path, calculated the absorbed dose as a function of photon energy, and compared these doses with the expected doses required (i) to observe rapid degradation due to thermal fatigue, (ii) to reach the melting temperature, or (iii) to actually melt the material. We list the materials that are anticipated to be placed into the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam line, their positions, and the absorbed dose, and compare this dose with anticipated damage thresholds.
Date: December 3, 2010
Creator: Hau-Riege, Stefan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator Challenges and Opportunities for Future Neutrino Experiments (open access)

Accelerator Challenges and Opportunities for Future Neutrino Experiments

There are three types of future neutrino facilities currently under study, one based on decays of stored beta-unstable ion beams (?Beta Beams?), one based on decays of stored muon beams (?Neutrino Factory?), and one based on the decays of an intense pion beam (?Superbeam?). In this paper we discuss the challenges each design team must face and the R&D being carried out to turn those challenges into technical opportunities. A new program, the Muon Accelerator Program, has begun in the U.S. to carry out the R&D for muon-based facilities, including both the Neutrino Factory and, as its ultimate goal, a Muon Collider. The goals of this program will be briefly described.
Date: December 24, 2010
Creator: Zisman, Michael S
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adaptation of a cubic smoothing spline algortihm for multi-channel data stitching at the National Ignition Facility (open access)

Adaptation of a cubic smoothing spline algortihm for multi-channel data stitching at the National Ignition Facility

Some diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), including the Gamma Reaction History (GRH) diagnostic, require multiple channels of data to achieve the required dynamic range. These channels need to be stitched together into a single time series, and they may have non-uniform and redundant time samples. We chose to apply the popular cubic smoothing spline technique to our stitching problem because we needed a general non-parametric method. We adapted one of the algorithms in the literature, by Hutchinson and deHoog, to our needs. The modified algorithm and the resulting code perform a cubic smoothing spline fit to multiple data channels with redundant time samples and missing data points. The data channels can have different, time-varying, zero-mean white noise characteristics. The method we employ automatically determines an optimal smoothing level by minimizing the Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) score. In order to automatically validate the smoothing level selection, the Weighted Sum-Squared Residual (WSSR) and zero-mean tests are performed on the residuals. Further, confidence intervals, both analytical and Monte Carlo, are also calculated. In this paper, we describe the derivation of our cubic smoothing spline algorithm. We outline the algorithm and test it with simulated and experimental data.
Date: December 28, 2010
Creator: Brown, C; Adcock, A; Azevedo, S; Liebman, J & Bond, E
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adjoint-Based Implicit Uncertainty Analysis for Figures of Merit in a Laser Inertial Fusion Engine (open access)

Adjoint-Based Implicit Uncertainty Analysis for Figures of Merit in a Laser Inertial Fusion Engine

A primary purpose of computational models is to inform design decisions and, in order to make those decisions reliably, the confidence in the results of such models must be estimated. Monte Carlo neutron transport models are common tools for reactor designers. These types of models contain several sources of uncertainty that propagate onto the model predictions. Two uncertainties worthy of note are (1) experimental and evaluation uncertainties of nuclear data that inform all neutron transport models and (2) statistical counting precision, which all results of a Monte Carlo codes contain. Adjoint-based implicit uncertainty analyses allow for the consideration of any number of uncertain input quantities and their effects upon the confidence of figures of merit with only a handful of forward and adjoint transport calculations. When considering a rich set of uncertain inputs, adjoint-based methods remain hundreds of times more computationally efficient than Direct Monte-Carlo methods. The LIFE (Laser Inertial Fusion Energy) engine is a concept being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Various options exist for the LIFE blanket, depending on the mission of the design. The depleted uranium hybrid LIFE blanket design strives to close the fission fuel cycle without enrichment or reprocessing, while simultaneously achieving high discharge …
Date: December 3, 2010
Creator: Seifried, J. E.; Fratoni, M.; Kramer, K. J.; Latkowski, J. F.; Peterson, P. F.; Powers, J. J. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced atom chips with two metal layers. (open access)

Advanced atom chips with two metal layers.

A design concept, device layout, and monolithic microfabrication processing sequence have been developed for a dual-metal layer atom chip for next-generation positional control of ultracold ensembles of trapped atoms. Atom chips are intriguing systems for precision metrology and quantum information that use ultracold atoms on microfabricated chips. Using magnetic fields generated by current carrying wires, atoms are confined via the Zeeman effect and controllably positioned near optical resonators. Current state-of-the-art atom chips are single-layer or hybrid-integrated multilayer devices with limited flexibility and repeatability. An attractive feature of multi-level metallization is the ability to construct more complicated conductor patterns and thereby realize the complex magnetic potentials necessary for the more precise spatial and temporal control of atoms that is required. Here, we have designed a true, monolithically integrated, planarized, multi-metal-layer atom chip for demonstrating crossed-wire conductor patterns that trap and controllably transport atoms across the chip surface to targets of interest.
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: Stevens, James E.; Blain, Matthew Glenn; Benito, Francisco M. & Biedermann, Grant
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Condenser Boosts Geothermal Power Plant Output (Fact Sheet), The Spectrum of Clean Energy Innovation (open access)

Advanced Condenser Boosts Geothermal Power Plant Output (Fact Sheet), The Spectrum of Clean Energy Innovation

When power production at The Geysers geothermal power complex began to falter, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) stepped in, developing advanced condensing technology that dramatically boosted production efficiency - and making a major contribution to the effective use of geothermal power. NREL developed advanced direct-contact condenser (ADCC) technology to condense spent steam more effectively, improving power production efficiency in Unit 11 by 5%.
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Fuels Campaign FY 2010 Accomplishments Report (open access)

Advanced Fuels Campaign FY 2010 Accomplishments Report

The Fuel Cycle Research and Development (FCRD) Advanced Fuels Campaign (AFC) Accomplishment Report documents the high-level research and development results achieved in fiscal year 2010. The AFC program has been given responsibility to develop advanced fuel technologies for the Department of Energy (DOE) using a science-based approach focusing on developing a microstructural understanding of nuclear fuels and materials. The science-based approach combines theory, experiments, and multi-scale modeling and simulation aimed at a fundamental understanding of the fuel fabrication processes and fuel and clad performance under irradiation. The scope of the AFC includes evaluation and development of multiple fuel forms to support the three fuel cycle options described in the Sustainable Fuel Cycle Implementation Plan4: Once-Through Cycle, Modified-Open Cycle, and Continuous Recycle. The word “fuel” is used generically to include fuels, targets, and their associated cladding materials. This document includes a brief overview of the management and integration activities; but is primarily focused on the technical accomplishments for FY-10. Each technical section provides a high level overview of the activity, results, technical points of contact, and applicable references.
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: Braase, Lori
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Wind Turbine Drivetrain Concepts: Workshop Report, June 29-30, 2010 (open access)

Advanced Wind Turbine Drivetrain Concepts: Workshop Report, June 29-30, 2010

This report presents key findings from the Department of Energy's Advanced Drivetrain Workshop, held on June 29-30, 2010 in Broomfield, Colorado, to assess different advanced drivetrain technologies, their relative potential to improve the state-of-the-art in wind turbine drivetrains, and the scope of research and development needed for their commercialization in wind turbine applications.
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: DOE, EERE
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advantages of a soft protective layer for good signal-to-noise ratio proton radiographs in high debris environments (open access)

Advantages of a soft protective layer for good signal-to-noise ratio proton radiographs in high debris environments

None
Date: December 21, 2010
Creator: Le Galloudec, N. R.; Cobble, J.; Nelson, S. L.; Merwin, A.; Paudel, Y.; Shrestha, I. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aerodynamic Design Criteria for Class 8 Heavy Vehicles Trailer Base Devices to Attain Optimum Performance (open access)

Aerodynamic Design Criteria for Class 8 Heavy Vehicles Trailer Base Devices to Attain Optimum Performance

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) as part of its Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), and Vehicle Technologies Program (VTP) effort has investigated class 8 tractor-trailer aerodynamics for many years. This effort has identified many drag producing flow structures around the heavy vehicles and also has designed and tested many new active and passive drag reduction techniques and concepts for significant on the road fuel economy improvements. As part of this effort a database of experimental, computational, and conceptual design for aerodynamic drag reduction devices has been established. The objective of this report is to provide design guidance for trailer base devices to improve their aerodynamic performance. These devices are commonly referred to as boattails, base flaps, tail devices, and etc. The information provided here is based on past research and our most recent full-scale experimental investigations in collaboration with Navistar Inc. Additional supporting data from LLNL/Navistar wind tunnel, track test, and on the road test will be published soon. The trailer base devices can be identified by 4 flat panels that are attached to the rear edges of the trailer base to form a closed cavity. These devices have been engineered in many different forms …
Date: December 13, 2010
Creator: Salari, K & Ortega, J
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
THE AFFECTS OF HALIDE MODIFIERS ON THE SORPTION KINETICS OF THE LI-MG-N-H SYSTEM (open access)

THE AFFECTS OF HALIDE MODIFIERS ON THE SORPTION KINETICS OF THE LI-MG-N-H SYSTEM

In this present work, the affects of different transition metal halides (TiCl{sub 3}, VCl{sub 3}, ScCl{sub 3} and NiCl{sub 2}) on the sorption properties of the 1:1 molar ratio of LiNH{sub 2} to MgH{sub 2} are investigated. The modified mixtures were found to contain LiNH{sub 2}, MgH{sub 2} and LiCl. TGA results showed that the hydrogen desorption temperature was reduced with the modifier addition in this order: TiCl{sub 3}>ScCl{sub 3}>VCl{sub 3}>NiCl{sub 2}. Ammonia release was not significantly reduced resulting in a weight loss greater than the theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of the material. The isothermal sorption kinetics of the modified systems showed little improvement after the first dehydrogenation cycle over the unmodified system but showed drastic improvement in rehydrogenation cycles. XRD and Raman spectroscopy identified the cycled material to be composed of LiH, MgH{sub 2}, Mg(NH{sub 2}){sub 2} and Mg{sub 3}N{sub 2}.
Date: December 16, 2010
Creator: Erdy, C.; Gray, J.; Lascola, R. & Anton, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
AFFECTS OF MECHANICAL MILLING AND METAL OXIDE ADDITIVES ON SORPTION KINETICS OF 1:1 LiNH2/MgH2 MIXTURE (open access)

AFFECTS OF MECHANICAL MILLING AND METAL OXIDE ADDITIVES ON SORPTION KINETICS OF 1:1 LiNH2/MgH2 MIXTURE

The destabilized complex hydride system composed of LiNH{sub 2}:MgH{sub 2} (1:1 molar ratio) is one of the leading candidates of hydrogen storage with a reversible hydrogen storage capacity of 8.1 wt%. A low sorption enthalpy of {approx}32 kJ/mole H{sub 2} was first predicted by Alapati et al. utilizing first principle density function theory (DFT) calculations and has been subsequently confirmed empirically by Lu et al. through differential thermal analysis (DTA). This enthalpy suggests that favorable sorption kinetics should be obtainable at temperatures in the range of 160 C to 200 C. Preliminary experiments reported in the literature indicate that sorption kinetics are substantially lower than expected in this temperature range despite favorable thermodynamics. Systematic isothermal and isobaric sorption experiments were performed using a Sievert's apparatus to form a baseline data set by which to compare kinetic results over the pressure and temperature range anticipated for use of this material as a hydrogen storage media. Various material preparation methods and compositional modifications were performed in attempts to increase the kinetics while lowering the sorption temperatures. This paper outlines the results of these systematic tests and describes a number of beneficial additions which influence kinetics as well as NH{sub 3} formation.
Date: December 8, 2010
Creator: Erdy, C.; Anton, D. & Gray, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Air-Cooled Electric Chillers, Purchasing Specifications for Energy-Efficient Products (Fact Sheet) (open access)

Air-Cooled Electric Chillers, Purchasing Specifications for Energy-Efficient Products (Fact Sheet)

Energy efficiency purchasing specifications for federal procurements of air-cooled electric chillers.
Date: December 2010
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Air Temperature in the Undulator Hall (open access)

Air Temperature in the Undulator Hall

Various analyses have been performed recently to estimate the performance of the air conditioning (HVAC) system planned for the Undulator Hall. This reports summarizes the results and provides an upgrade plan to be used if new requirements are needed in the future. The estimates predict that with the planned loads the tunnel air temperature will be well within the allowed tolerance during normal operation.
Date: December 7, 2010
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Algorithms to Automate LCLS Undulator Tuning (open access)

Algorithms to Automate LCLS Undulator Tuning

Automation of the LCLS undulator tuning offers many advantages to the project. Automation can make a substantial reduction in the amount of time the tuning takes. Undulator tuning is fairly complex and automation can make the final tuning less dependent on the skill of the operator. Also, algorithms are fixed and can be scrutinized and reviewed, as opposed to an individual doing the tuning by hand. This note presents algorithms implemented in a computer program written for LCLS undulator tuning. The LCLS undulators must meet the following specifications. The maximum trajectory walkoff must be less than 5 {micro}m over 10 m. The first field integral must be below 40 x 10{sup -6} Tm. The second field integral must be below 50 x 10{sup -6} Tm{sup 2}. The phase error between the electron motion and the radiation field must be less than 10 degrees in an undulator. The K parameter must have the value of 3.5000 {+-} 0.0005. The phase matching from the break regions into the undulator must be accurate to better than 10 degrees. A phase change of 113 x 2{pi} must take place over a distance of 3.656 m centered on the undulator. Achieving these requirements is the …
Date: December 3, 2010
Creator: Wolf, Zachary
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aliovalent titanium substitution in layered mixed Li Ni-Mn-Co oxides for lithium battery applications (open access)

Aliovalent titanium substitution in layered mixed Li Ni-Mn-Co oxides for lithium battery applications

Improved electrochemical characteristics are observed for Li[Ni1/3Co1/3-yMyMn1/3]O2 cathode materials when M=Ti and y<0.07, compared to the baseline material, with up to 15percent increased discharge capacity.
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: Kam, Kinson & Doeff, Marca M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ammonia Process by Pressure Swing Adsorption (open access)

Ammonia Process by Pressure Swing Adsorption

The overall objective of the project is to design, develop and demonstrate a technically feasible and commercially viable system to produce ammonia along with recovery of the products by adsorption separation methods and significantly decrease the energy requirement in ammonia production. This is achieved through a significantly more efficient ammonia psa recovery system. The new ammonia recovery system receives the reactor effluents and achieves complete ammonia recovery, (which completely eliminates the energy intensive refrigeration and condensation system currently used in ammonia production). It also recovers the unused reactants and recycles them back to the reactor, free of potential reactor contaminants, and without the need for re-compression and re-heat of recycle stream thereby further saving more energy. The result is a significantly lower energy consumption, along with capital cost savings.
Date: December 27, 2010
Creator: Jegede, Felix
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library