25 Year Lifetime for Flexible Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics (open access)

25 Year Lifetime for Flexible Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics

Although preliminary proof-of-principle of the efficacy of barrier materials and processes, first developed by Battelle at PNNL and commercialized by Vitex, has been demonstrated at the laboratory scale, there are several challenges to the practical commercial implementation of these developments in the Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market. Two important issues that are addressed in this project are identifying a low cost substrate material that can survive in the outside environment (rain, heat, dust, hail, etc.) for 25 years and developing an encapsulation method for the photovoltaic (PV) cells that can meet the required barrier performance without driving the cost of the total barrier package out of range (remaining below $3.00/Wp). Without these solutions, current encapsulation technologies will limit the use of PV for BIPV applications. Flexible, light-weight packaging that can withstand 25 years in the field is required for a totally flexible integrated PV package. The benefit of this research is to make substantial progress in the development of a cost-effective, viable thin film barrier package which will be a critical enabling technology to meet the Solar America Initiative cost and device reliability goals, and to make photovoltaics (PV) more cost-competitive with electricity generated using fossil fuels. Increased PV installations …
Date: July 10, 2010
Creator: Gross, Mark E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
317/319 Phytoremediation site monitoring report - 2009 growing season : final report. (open access)

317/319 Phytoremediation site monitoring report - 2009 growing season : final report.

In 1999, Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) designed and installed a series of engineered plantings consisting of a vegetative cover system and approximately 800 hybrid poplars and willows rooting at various predetermined depths. The plants were installed using various methods including Applied Natural Science's TreeWell{reg_sign} system. The goal of the installation was to protect downgradient surface and groundwater by intercepting the contaminated groundwater with the tree roots, removing moisture from the upgradient soil area, reducing water infiltration, preventing soil erosion, degrading and/or transpiring the residual volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and removing tritium from the subsoil and groundwater. This report presents the results of the monitoring activities conducted by Argonne's Energy Systems (ES) Division in the growing season of 2009. Monitoring of the planted trees began soon after the trees were installed in 1999 and has been conducted every summer since then. As the trees grew and consolidated their growth into the contaminated soil and groundwater, their exposure to the contaminants was progressively shown through tissue sampling. During the 2009 sampling campaign, VOC concentrations found in the French Drain area were in general consistent with or slightly lower than the 2008 results. Additionally, closely repeated, stand wide analyses showed contaminant fluctuations that …
Date: February 10, 2010
Creator: Negri, C .N.; Benda, P. L.; Gopalakrishnan, G. & Systems, Energy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
4w Thomson Scattering Probe for High-density Measurements at Titan (open access)

4w Thomson Scattering Probe for High-density Measurements at Titan

None
Date: May 10, 2010
Creator: Ross, J. S.; Kline, J. L.; Yang, S.; Henesian, M.; Weiland, T.; Price, D. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ab initio Based Modeling of Radiation Effects in Multi-Component Alloys:  Final Scientific/Technical Report (open access)

Ab initio Based Modeling of Radiation Effects in Multi-Component Alloys: Final Scientific/Technical Report

The project began March 13, 2006, allocated for three years, and received a one year extension from March 13, 2009 to March 12, 2010. It has now completed 48 of 48 total months. The project was focused on using ab initio methods to gain insights into radiation induced segregation (RIS) in Ni-Fe-Cr alloys. The project had the following key accomplishments • Development of a large database of ab initio energetics that can be used by many researchers in the future for increased understanding of this system. For example, we have the first calculations showing a dramatic stabilization effect of Cr-Cr interstitial dumbbells in Ni. • Prediction of both vacancy and interstitial diffusion constants for Ni-Cr and Ni-Fe for dilute Cr and Fe. This work included generalization of widely used multifrequency models to make use of ab initio derived energetics and thermodynamics. • Prediction of qualitative trends of RIS from vacancy and interstitial mechanisms, suggesting the two types of defect fluxes drive Cr RIS in opposite directions. • Detailed kinetic Monte Carlo modeling of diffusion by vacancy mechanism in Ni-Cr as a function of Cr concentration. The results demonstrate that Cr content can have a significant effect on RIS. • Development …
Date: June 10, 2010
Creator: Morgan, Dane
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advances in Modeling Exploding Bridgewire Initiation (open access)

Advances in Modeling Exploding Bridgewire Initiation

There is great interest in applying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation techniques to the designs of electrical high explosive (HE) initiators, for the purpose of better understanding a design's sensitivities, optimizing its performance, and/or predicting its useful lifetime. Two MHD-capable LLNL codes, CALE and ALE3D, are being used to simulate the process of ohmic heating, vaporization, and plasma formation in exploding bridgewires (EBW). Initiation of the HE is simulated using Ignition & Growth reactive flow models. 1-D, 2-D and 3-D models have been constructed and studied. The models provide some intuitive explanation of the initiation process and are useful for evaluating the potential impact of identified aging mechanisms (such as the growth of intermetallic compounds or powder sintering). The end product of this work is a simulation capability for evaluating margin in proposed, modified or aged initiation system designs.
Date: March 10, 2010
Creator: Hrousis, C A & Christensen, J S
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aircraft Field Exercise to Develop Multi-Spectral and Infrared Imaging for CTBT On-Site Inspections (open access)

Aircraft Field Exercise to Develop Multi-Spectral and Infrared Imaging for CTBT On-Site Inspections

None
Date: September 10, 2010
Creator: Henderson, J. R.; Smith, M. O. & Zelinski, M. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ammonia Absorption Technologies Development for Air Conditioning, Heat Pumping and Refrigeration (open access)

Ammonia Absorption Technologies Development for Air Conditioning, Heat Pumping and Refrigeration

The project management task under the project was completed and related to the development of a plan for the implementation of the project and is thus not relevant to final report. For this reason it is not included.
Date: March 10, 2010
Creator: Rocky Research
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Application of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation to the Space Surveillance Network (open access)

Application of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation to the Space Surveillance Network

None
Date: September 10, 2010
Creator: Jefferson, D R & Leek, J
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the Potential for Hydrogen Generation During Deactivation and Decommissioning of Reactor Vessels at the Savannah River Site (open access)

Assessment of the Potential for Hydrogen Generation During Deactivation and Decommissioning of Reactor Vessels at the Savannah River Site

The R- and P-reactor vessels at the Savannah River Site (SRS) are being prepared for deactivation and decommissioning (D&D). D&D activities will consist primarily of physically isolating and stabilizing the reactor vessel by filling it with a grout material. The reactor vessels contain aluminum alloy materials, which pose a concern in that aluminum corrodes rapidly when it comes in contact with the alkaline grout. A product of the corrosion reaction is hydrogen gas and therefore potential flammability issues were assessed. A model was developed to calculate the hydrogen generation rate as the reactor is being filled with the grout material. Three options existed for the type of grout material for D&D of the reactor vessels. The grout formulation options included ceramicrete (pH 6-8), a calcium aluminate sulfate (CAS) based cement (pH 10), or Portland cement grout (pH 12.4). Corrosion data for aluminum in concrete were utilized as input for the model. The calculations considered such factors as the surface area of the aluminum components, the open cross-sectional area of the reactor vessel, the rate at which the grout is added to the reactor vessel, and temperature. Given the hydrogen generation rate, the hydrogen concentration in the vapor space of the …
Date: November 10, 2010
Creator: Wiersma, B.; Serrato, M. & Langton, C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Axions from cosmic string and wall decay (open access)

Axions from cosmic string and wall decay

If inflation occurred with a reheat temperature > T{sub PQ}, axions from the decay of global axion strings and domain walls would make an important contribution to the cosmological energy density, comparable to that from vacuum misalignment. Several groups have numerically studied the evolution of axion strings and walls in the past, however substantial uncertainties remain in their contribution to the present density {Omega}{sub a,string+wall} {approx} 1-100 (f{sub a}/10{sup 12} GeV){sup 7/6}, where f{sub a} is the axion decay constant. I will describe the numerical methods used in our simulations and show results for several string and wall configurations.
Date: March 10, 2010
Creator: Hagmann, C A
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Beam Fields and Energy Dissipation Inside the the BE Beam Pipe of the Super-B Detector (open access)

Beam Fields and Energy Dissipation Inside the the BE Beam Pipe of the Super-B Detector

We study the bunch field diffusion and energy dissipation in the beam pipe of the Super-B detector, which consists of two coaxial Be thin pipes (half a millimeter). Cooling water will run between these two pipes. Gold and nickel will be sputtered (several microns) onto the beryllium pipe at different sides. The Maxwell equations for the beam fields in these thin layers are solved numerically for the case of infinite pipes. We also calculate the amplitude of the electromagnetic fields outside the beam pipe, which may be noticeable as the beam current can reach 4 A in each beam. Results of simulations are used for the design of this central part of the Super-B detector.
Date: September 10, 2010
Creator: Novokhatski, Alexander & Sullivan, Michael
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Beam Fields in an Integrated Cavity, Coupler and Window Configuration (open access)

Beam Fields in an Integrated Cavity, Coupler and Window Configuration

In a multi-bunch high current storage ring, beam generated fields couple strongly into the RF cavity coupler structure when beam arrival times are in resonance with cavity fields. In this study the integrated effect of beam fields over several thousand RF periods is simulated for the complete cavity, coupler, window and waveguide system of the PEP-II B-factory storage ring collider. We show that the beam generated fields at frequencies corresponding to several bunch spacings for this case gives rise to high field strength near the ceramic window which could limit the performance of future high current storage rings such as PEP-X or Super B-factories.
Date: February 10, 2010
Creator: Weathersby, Stephen & Novokhatski, Alexander
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library

Biological Systems for Hydrogen Photoproduction

This presentation summarizes biological systems for hydrogen photoproduction.
Date: June 10, 2010
Creator: Ghirardi, M.
Object Type: Presentation
System: The UNT Digital Library
BPM Breakdown Potential in the PEP-II B-factory Storage Ring Collider (open access)

BPM Breakdown Potential in the PEP-II B-factory Storage Ring Collider

High current B-Factory BPM designs incorporate a button type electrode which introduces a small gap between the button and the beam chamber. For achievable currents and bunch lengths, simulations indicate that electric potentials can be induced in this gap which are comparable to the breakdown voltage. This study characterizes beam induced voltages in the existing PEP-II storage ring collider BPM as a function of bunch length and beam current.
Date: February 10, 2010
Creator: Weathersby, Stephen & Novokhatski, Alexander
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The CGC and the Glasma: Two Lectures at the Yukawa Institute (open access)

The CGC and the Glasma: Two Lectures at the Yukawa Institute

These lectures present the theory of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) and the Glasma in an elementary and intuitive manner. This matter controls the high energy limit of QCD. The CGC is the universal limit for the components of a hadron wavefunction important for high energy scattering processes. It is a highly coherent, extremely high energy density ensemble of gluon states. The Glasma is matter produced in the collision of CGCs of two hadrons. It has properties much different from those of the CGC, and is produced in a very short time after the collision. It eventually evolves from the the Color Glass Condensate initial conditions into a Quark Gluon Plasma. We can visualize the collision of two high energy hadrons as shown in Fig. 1. Before the collision, two hadrons appear as Lorentz contracted sheets approaching one another at near light speed. These we will later describe as two sheets of Colored Glass. In a very short time, the sheets of Color Glass interpenetrate one another. This we think of as the initial singularity for the collision. This is of course not a real singularity for finite collision energy, but we will see it becomes one in the limit …
Date: August 10, 2010
Creator: McLerran, L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
CHASM Challenge Problem: Lagrangian Hydrodynamics (open access)

CHASM Challenge Problem: Lagrangian Hydrodynamics

None
Date: September 10, 2010
Creator: Hornung, R.; Keasler, J. & Gokhale, M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Closure Report (CR) for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 41: Area 27 Landfills with Errata Sheet, Revision 0 (open access)

Closure Report (CR) for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 41: Area 27 Landfills with Errata Sheet, Revision 0

The closure report for CAU 41 is just a one page summary listing the coordinates of the landfill which were given at the time (1996) in Nevada State Plan Coordinates - North American Datum of 1983. The drawing of the use restricted site also listed the coordinates in Nevada State Plan Coordinates - North American Datum of 1983. In the ensuing years the reporting of coordinates has been standardized so that all coordinates are reported in the same manner, which is: NAD 27 UTM Zone 11 N, meters. This Errata Sheet updates the coordinate reporting to the currently accepted method and includes an aerial photo showing the landfill with the coordinates listed showing the use restricted area.
Date: August 10, 2010
Creator: Services, Navarro Nevada Environmental
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Closure Report (CR) for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 91: Area 3 U-3fi Injection Well with Errata Sheet and Certification, Revision 0 (open access)

Closure Report (CR) for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 91: Area 3 U-3fi Injection Well with Errata Sheet and Certification, Revision 0

The closure report for CAU 91 has no Use Restriction Form or drawing/map included in the document to describe the use restricted area, however, Section 3.3.3 states that the site will be fenced and signage placed indicating the area as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Unit. The drawing that was placed in the FFACO indicating the use restricted area lists the coordinates for the RCRA Unit in Nevada State Plan Coordinates - North American Datum of 1983. In the ensuing years the reporting of coordinates has been standardized so that all coordinates are reported in the same manner, which is: NAD 27 UTM Zone 11 N, meters. This Errata Sheet updates the coordinate reporting to the currently accepted method and includes an aerial photo showing the RCRA Unit with the coordinates listed showing the use restricted area.
Date: August 10, 2010
Creator: Services, Navarro Nevada Environmental
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 329: Area 22 Desert Rock Airstrip Fuel Spill with Errata Sheet, Revision 0 (open access)

Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 329: Area 22 Desert Rock Airstrip Fuel Spill with Errata Sheet, Revision 0

In Appendix 0, Use Restriction (UR) Form, the drawing of the use restricted area shows the incorrect coordinates for the use restricted area, the coordinates on the drawing do not match the approved UR Form. The coordinates have been verified and this Errata Sheet replaces the drawing of the use restricted area with an aerial photo showing the use restricted area and the correct coordinates that match the approved UR Form.
Date: August 10, 2010
Creator: Services, Navarro Nevada Environmental
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 399: Area 18 Disposal Site (open access)

Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 399: Area 18 Disposal Site

The closure report for CAU 399 is just a one page summary listing the coordinates of the disposal site which were given at the time (1995) in Nevada State Plan Coordinates - North American Datum of 1983. The drawing of the use restricted site also listed the coordinates in Nevada State Plan Coordinates - North American Datum of 1983. In the ensuing years the reporting of coordinates has been standardized so that all coordinates are reported in the same manner, which is: NAD 27 UTM Zone 11 N, meters. This Errata Sheet updates the coordinate reporting to the currently accepted method and includes an aerial photo showing the disposal site with the coordinates listed showing the use restricted area.
Date: August 10, 2010
Creator: Services, Navarro Nevada Environmental
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
COMPARISON OF EXTRACTION AND BEAM TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS WITH EMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS FROM THE ECR ION SOURCE VENUS (open access)

COMPARISON OF EXTRACTION AND BEAM TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS WITH EMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS FROM THE ECR ION SOURCE VENUS

None
Date: November 10, 2010
Creator: Winklehner, D.; Todd, D.; Benitez, J.; Strohmeier, M.; Grote, D. & Leitner, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The compressibility of cubic white and orthorhombic, rhombohedral, and simple cubic black phosphorus (open access)

The compressibility of cubic white and orthorhombic, rhombohedral, and simple cubic black phosphorus

The effect of pressure on the crystal structure of white phosphorus has been studied up to 22.4 GPa. The ?alpha phase was found to transform into the alpha' phase at 0.87 +- 0.04 GPa with a volume change of 0.1 +- 0.3 cc/mol. A fit of a second order Birch- Murnaghan equation to the data gave Vo = 16.94 ? 0.08 cc/mol and Ko = 6.7 +- 0.5 GPa for the alpha phase and Vo = 16.4 +- 0.1 cc/mol and Ko = 9.1 +- 0.3 GPa for the alpha' phase. The alpha' phase was found to transform to the A17 phase of black phosphorus at 2.68 +- 0.34 GPa and then with increasing pressure to the A7 and then simple cubic phase of black phosphorus. A fit of a second order Birch-Murnaghan equation to our data combined with previous measurements gave Vo = 11.43 +- 0.05 cc/mol and Ko = 34.7 +- 0.5 GPa for the A17 phase, Vo = 9.62 +- 0.01 cc/mol and Ko = 65.0 +- 0.6 GPa for the A7 phase and , Vo = 9.23 +- 0.01 cc/mol and Ko = 72.5 +- 0.3 GPa for the simple cubic phase.
Date: March 10, 2010
Creator: Clark, Simon M & Zaug, Joseph
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Consolidation of K Basin Sludge Data and Experiences on Agglomerate Formation (open access)

Consolidation of K Basin Sludge Data and Experiences on Agglomerate Formation

The formation of high sludge strength agglomerates is a key concern to the Sludge Treatment Project (STP) to ensure the sludge can be retrieved after planned storage for up to 10 years in Sludge Transport and Storage Containers (STSC) at T Plant. This report addresses observations of agglomerate formation, conditions that the data shows lead to agglomeration, the frequency of agglomerate formation and postulated physiochemical mechanisms that may lead to agglomeration. Although the exact underlying chemistry of K Basin sludge agglomerate formation is not known, the factors that lead to agglomeration formation, based on observations, are as follows: (1) High Total Uranium Content (i.e., sample homogeneity and influence from other constituents); (2) Distribution of Uranium Phases (i.e., extent of conversion from uraninite to uranium oxide hydroxide compounds); (3) Sample Dry-out (loss of cover water); (4) Elevated temperature; (5) Solubility ofU(IV) phases vs. U(VI) phases; and (6) Long storage times. Agglomerated sludge has occurred infrequently and has only been observed in four laboratory samples, five samples subjected to hydrothermal testing (performed for 7 to 10 hours at {approx}185 C and 225 psig), and indirectly during six sampling events in the KE Basin. In the four laboratory samples where agglomerates were observed, …
Date: June 10, 2010
Creator: Hill, S.R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Analysis

This presentation summarizes controlled hydrogen fleet & infrastructure analysis undertaken for the DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Program.
Date: June 10, 2010
Creator: Wipke, K.; Sprik, S.; Kurtz, J. & Ramsden, T.
Object Type: Presentation
System: The UNT Digital Library