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2010 Census: Data Collection Operations Were Generally Completed as Planned, but Long-standing Challenges Suggest Need for Fundamental Reforms (open access)

2010 Census: Data Collection Operations Were Generally Completed as Planned, but Long-standing Challenges Suggest Need for Fundamental Reforms

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Although the U.S. Census Bureau (Bureau) generally completed the field data collection phase of the 2010 Census consistent with its operational plans, at $13 billion, 2010 was the costliest census in the nation's history. Moving forward, it will be important to both refine existing operations as well as to reexamine the fundamental approach to the census to better address long-standing issues such as securing participation and escalating costs. As requested, this report reviews (1) the conduct of nonresponse follow-up (NRFU), where enumerators collect data from households that did not return their census forms, (2) the implementation of other field operations critical to a complete count, and (3) potential reexamination areas that could help produce a more cost-effective 2020 Census. The report is based on GAO's analysis of Bureau data and documents, surveys of local census office managers, and field observations."
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2010 Census: Follow-up Should Reduce Coverage Errors, but Effects on Demographic Groups Need to Be Determined (open access)

2010 Census: Follow-up Should Reduce Coverage Errors, but Effects on Demographic Groups Need to Be Determined

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The U.S. Census Bureau (Bureau) puts forth tremendous effort to conduct a complete and accurate count of the nation's population and housing; yet some degree of error in the form of persons missed, duplicated, or counted in the wrong place is inevitable due to the complexity in counting a large and diverse population. The Bureau designed two operations, Coverage Follow-up (CFU) and Field Verification (FV), to reduce certain types of counting, or coverage, errors in the 2010 Census. GAO was asked to assess (1) the extent to which the Bureau completed CFU and FV on schedule and within estimated cost and (2) the implications of their key design elements for improving coverage. GAO reviewed Bureau evaluations, planning, and other documents on CFU and FV, and prior GAO work, and interviewed Bureau officials."
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2010 Census: Key Efforts to Include Hard-to-Count Populations Went Generally as Planned; Improvements Could Make the Efforts More Effective for Next Census (open access)

2010 Census: Key Efforts to Include Hard-to-Count Populations Went Generally as Planned; Improvements Could Make the Efforts More Effective for Next Census

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "To overcome the long-standing challenge of enumerating hard-to-count (HTC) groups such as minorities and renters, the U.S. Census Bureau (Bureau), used outreach programs, such as paid advertising, and partnered with thousands of organizations to enlist their support for the census. The Bureau also conducted Service-Based Enumeration (SBE), which was designed to count people who frequent soup kitchens or other service providers, and the Be Counted/Questionnaire Assistance Center (QAC) program, designed to count individuals who believed the census had missed them. As requested, GAO assessed how the design of these efforts compared to 2000 and the extent to which they were implemented as planned. GAO reviewed Bureau budget, planning, operational, and evaluation documents; observed enumeration efforts in 12 HTC areas; surveyed local census office managers; and interviewed Bureau officials."
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 112, No. 266, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2010 (open access)

The Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 112, No. 266, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2010

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 90, No. 248, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2010 (open access)

The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 90, No. 248, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2010

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Halter Gray, Janie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Beam Conditioning for Free Electron Lasers:Consequences and Methods (open access)

Beam Conditioning for Free Electron Lasers:Consequences and Methods

The consequences of beam conditioning in four example cases [VISA, a soft x-ray free-electron laser (FEL), LCLS, and a 'Greenfield' FEL] are examined. It is shown that in emittance limited cases, proper conditioning reduces sensitivity to the transverse emittance and, furthermore, allows for stronger focusing in the undulator. Simulations show higher saturation power, with gain lengths reduced by a factor of 2 or more. The beam dynamics in a general conditioning system are studied, with 'matching conditions' derived for achieving conditioning without growth in the effective emittance. Various conditioning lattices are considered, and expressions derived for the amount of conditioning provided in each case when the matching conditions are satisfied. These results show that there is no fundamental obstacle to producing beam conditioning, and that the problem can be reduced to one of proper lattice design. Nevertheless, beam conditioning will not be easy to implement in practice.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Wolski, A.; Penn, G.; Sessler, A.; Wurtele, J. & /LBL, Berkeley /UC, Berkeley, Astron. Dept.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Coherent Radiation Effects in the LCLS Undulator (open access)

Coherent Radiation Effects in the LCLS Undulator

For X-ray Free-Electron Lasers such as LCLS and TESLA FEL, a change in the electron energy while amplifying the FEL radiation can shift the resonance condition out of the bandwidth of the FEL. The largest sources of energy loss is the emission of incoherent undulator radiation. Because the loss per electron depends only on the undulator parameters and the beam energy, which are fixed for a given resonant wavelength, the average energy loss can be compensated for by a fixed taper of the undulator. Coherent radiation has a strong enhancement proportional to the number of electrons in the bunch for frequencies comparable to or longer than the bunch dimension. If the emitted coherent energy becomes comparable to that of the incoherent emission, it has to be included in the taper as well. However, the coherent loss depends on the bunch charge and the applied compression scheme and a change of these parameters would require a change of the taper. This imposes a limitation on the practical operation of Free-Electron Lasers, where the taper can only be adjusted manually. In this presentation we analyze the coherent emission of undulator radiation and transition undulator radiation for LCLS, and estimate whether the resulting …
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Reiche, S.; /UCLA & Huang, Z.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of the Current World Trade Center Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program and the World Trade Center Health Program Proposed by Title I of H.R. 847 (open access)

Comparison of the Current World Trade Center Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program and the World Trade Center Health Program Proposed by Title I of H.R. 847

This report compares the current federally supported medical screening and treatment program offered to various persons affected by the terrorist attack on New York City on September 11, 2001, with the federal program proposed to be established by Title I of H.R. 847, the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010, as amended and passed by the House of Representatives.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Szymendera, Scott & Lister, Sarah A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Acquisitions: Realizing Savings under Different Littoral Combat Ship Acquisition Strategies Depends on Successful Management of Risks (open access)

Defense Acquisitions: Realizing Savings under Different Littoral Combat Ship Acquisition Strategies Depends on Successful Management of Risks

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "This testimony discusses the Department of the Navy's proposed dual ship acquisition strategy for the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) program. LCS is envisioned as a vessel able to be reconfigured to meet three different mission areas: mine countermeasures, surface warfare, and antisubmarine warfare. Its design concept consists of two distinct parts--the ship itself (seaframe) and the mission package it carries and deploys. The Navy is procuring the first four ships in two different designs from shipbuilding teams led by Lockheed Martin and General Dynamics, which currently build their designs at Marinette Marine and Austal USA shipyards, respectively. The Navy's strategy for procuring LCS has evolved over the years. Prior to September 2009, the Navy planned to continue building the class using both ship designs. This strategy changed following unsuccessful contract negotiations that same year for fiscal year 2010 funded seaframes--an outcome attributable to industry proposals priced significantly above Navy expectations. In September 2009, the Navy announced that in an effort to improve affordability, it was revising the LCS program's acquisition strategy and would select one seaframe design before awarding contracts for any additional ships. Following approval of this …
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library

DOE Webinar - Residential Geothermal Heat Pump Retrofits

This presentation was given December 14, 2010, as part of DOE's Webinar series. The presentation discusses geothermal heat pump retrofits, technology options, and an overview of geothermal energy and geothermal heat pumps.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Anderson, E. R.
Object Type: Presentation
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Emergency Alert System (EAS) and All-Hazard Warnings (open access)

The Emergency Alert System (EAS) and All-Hazard Warnings

This report discusses the mainstays of the U.S. capacity to issue warnings: the Emergency Alert System (EAS), which relies primarily on broadcasting media, the NOAA Weather Radio All-Hazards Network.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Moore, Linda K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR THE ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE OF A 1600 LITER TITANIUM HYDRIDE STORAGE VESSEL (open access)

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR THE ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE OF A 1600 LITER TITANIUM HYDRIDE STORAGE VESSEL

Titanium is used as a low pressure tritium storage material. The absorption/desorption rates and temperature rise during air passivation have been reported previously for a 4400 gram prototype titanium hydride storage vessel (HSV). A desorption limit of roughly 0.25 Q/M was obtained when heating to 700 C which represents a significant residual tritium process vessel inventory. To prepare an HSV for disposal, batchwise isotopic exchange has been proposed to reduce the tritium content to acceptable levels. A prototype HSV was loaded with deuterium and exchanged with protium to determine the effectiveness of a batch-wise isotopic exchange process. A total of seven exchange cycles were performed. Gas samples were taken nominally at the beginning, middle, and end of each desorption cycle. Sample analyses showed the isotopic exchange process does not follow the standard dilution model commonly reported. Samples taken at the start of the desorption process were lower in deuterium (the gas to be removed) than those taken later in the desorption cycle. The results are explained in terms of incomplete mixing of the exchange gas in the low pressure hydride.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Klein, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2010 (open access)

The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2010

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Wray, Kelly
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Federal Register, Volume 75, Number 239, December 14, 2010, Pages 77749-78150 (open access)

Federal Register, Volume 75, Number 239, December 14, 2010, Pages 77749-78150

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: United States. Office of the Federal Register.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The UNT Digital Library
Generation of Coherent X-Ray Radiation Through Modulation Compression (open access)

Generation of Coherent X-Ray Radiation Through Modulation Compression

In this letter, we propose a scheme to generate tunable coherent X-ray radiation for future light source applications. This scheme uses an energy chirped electron beam, a laser modulators, a laser chirper and two bunch compressors to generate a prebunched kilo-Ampere current electron beam from a few tens Ampere electron beam out of a linac. The initial modulation energy wavelength can be compressed by a factor of 1 + h{sub b}R{sub 56}{sup a} phase space, where h{sub b} is the energy bunch length chirp introduced by the laser chirper, R{sub 56}{sup a} is the momentum compaction factor of the first bunch compressor. As an illustration, we present an example to generate more than 400 MW, 170 atto-seconds pulse, 1 nm coherent X-ray radiation using a 60 Ampere electron beam out. of the linac and 200 nm laser seed. Both the final wavelength and the radiation pulse length in the proposed scheme are tunable by adjusting the compression factor and the laser parameters.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Qiang, Ji & Wu, Juhao
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 541, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2010 (open access)

The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 541, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2010

Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 542, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2010 (open access)

The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 542, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2010

Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Hohlraum Target Alignment from X-ray Detector Images using Starburst Design Patterns (open access)

Hohlraum Target Alignment from X-ray Detector Images using Starburst Design Patterns

National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a high-energy laser facility comprised of 192 laser beams focused with enough power and precision on a hydrogen-filled spherical, cryogenic target to initiate a fusion reaction. The target container, or hohlraum, must be accurately aligned to an x-ray imaging system to allow careful monitoring of the frozen fuel layer in the target. To achieve alignment, x-ray images are acquired through starburst-shaped windows cut into opposite sides of the hohlraum. When the hohlraum is in alignment, the starburst pattern pairs match nearly exactly and allow a clear view of the ice layer formation on the edge of the target capsule. During the alignment process, x-ray image analysis is applied to determine the direction and magnitude of adjustment required. X-ray detector and source are moved in concert during the alignment process. The automated pointing alignment system described here is both accurate and efficient. In this paper, we describe the control and associated image processing that enables automation of the starburst pointing alignment.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Leach, R. R.; Conder, A.; Edwards, O.; Kroll, J.; Kozioziemski, B.; Mapoles, E. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Improving Student Success: Researching How Students Use Electronic Library Resources (open access)

Improving Student Success: Researching How Students Use Electronic Library Resources

This paper presents a research study conducted at UNT. The UNT Libraries partnered with the Department of Anthropology at UNT to conduct ethnographic research of how UNT students use the electronic library services.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Henry, Lisa; Carlson, Steve; Cheatham, Dennis; Gorby, Megan; Leach, Matt; McAllister, Guenivere et al.
Object Type: Paper
System: The UNT Digital Library
Internet Domain Names: Background and Policy Issues (open access)

Internet Domain Names: Background and Policy Issues

The Domain Name System (DNS) is the distributed set of databases residing in computers around the world that contain address numbers mapped to corresponding domain names, making it possible to send and receive messages and to access information from computers anywhere on the Internet. Many of the technical, operational, and management decisions regarding the DNS can have significant impacts on Internet-related policy issues such as intellectual property, privacy, ecommerce, and cybersecurity. The expiration of the JPA (Joint Project Agreement), the implementation of the Affirmation of Commitments, and the continuing U.S. authority over the DNS root zone remain issues of interest to the 112th Congress, the Administration, foreign governments, and other Internet stakeholders worldwide.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Kruger, Lennard G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Masked Photocathode in Photoinjector (open access)

A Masked Photocathode in Photoinjector

In this paper, we propose a masked photocathode inside the photoinjector for generating high brightness election beam. Instead of mounting the photocathode onto an electrode, an electrode with small hole is used as a mask to shield the photocathode from the accelerating vacuum chamber. Using such a masked photocathode will make the replacement of photocathode material easy by rotating the photocathode behind the electrode into the hole. Furthermore, this helps reduce the dark current or secondary electron emission from the photocathode material. The masked photocathode also provides transverse cut-off to a Gaussian laser beam that reduces electron beam emittance growth from nonlinear space-charge effects.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Qiang, Ji
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Multi-Center Electronic Structure Calculations for Plasma Equation of State (open access)

Multi-Center Electronic Structure Calculations for Plasma Equation of State

We report on an approach for computing electronic structure utilizing solid-state multi-center scattering techniques, but generalized to finite temperatures to model plasmas. This approach has the advantage of handling mixtures at a fundamental level without the imposition of ad hoc continuum lowering models, and incorporates bonding and charge exchange, as well as multi-center effects in the calculation of the continuum density of states.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Wilson, B. G.; Johnson, D. D. & Alam, A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A NEW PROCESS DEVELOPED FOR SEPARATION OF LIGNIN FROM AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE PRETREATMENT SOLUTIONS (open access)

A NEW PROCESS DEVELOPED FOR SEPARATION OF LIGNIN FROM AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE PRETREATMENT SOLUTIONS

A method is described for separating lignin from liquid solutions resulting from the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials such as switchgrass with ammonium hydroxide. The method involves a sequence of steps including acidification, evaporation, and precipitation or centrifugation that are performed under defined conditions, and results in a relatively pure, solid lignin product. The method is tested on ammonium hydroxide solutions containing lignin extracted from switchgrass. Experimental results show that the method is capable of recovering between 66-95% of dissolved lignin as a precipitated solid. Cost estimates of pilot-scale and industrial-scale expressions of the process indicate that breakeven lignin prices of $2.36/kg and $0.78/kg, respectively, may be obtainable with this recovery method.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Sherman, S.; Gorensek, M. & Milliken, C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Noncitizen Eligibility for Federal Public Assistance: Policy Overview and Trends (open access)

Noncitizen Eligibility for Federal Public Assistance: Policy Overview and Trends

This report deals with the four major federal means-tested benefit programs: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly food stamps), the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant programs, and Medicaid. It is organized into four main parts: an overview of existing eligibility law for the four programs and the policies that preceded the 1996 act; an overview of related immigrant policies affecting eligibility (specifically, the treatment of sponsored aliens); an analysis of trends in noncitizen poverty and benefit use; and a summary of the eligibility rules for aliens residing in the United States illegally.
Date: December 14, 2010
Creator: Wasem, Ruth Ellen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library