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SLURRY MIX EVAPORATOR BATCH ACCEPTABILITY AND TEST CASES OF THE PRODUCT COMPOSITION CONTROL SYSTEM WITH THORIUM AS A REPORTABLE ELEMENT
The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF), which is operated by Savannah River Remediation, LLC (SRR), has recently begun processing Sludge Batch 6 (SB6) by combining it with Frit 418 at a nominal waste loading (WL) of 36%. A unique feature of the SB6/Frit 418 glass system, as compared to the previous glass systems processed in DWPF, is that thorium will be a reportable element (i.e., concentrations of elemental thorium in the final glass product greater than 0.5 weight percent (wt%)) for the resulting wasteform. Several activities were initiated based upon this unique aspect of SB6. One of these was an investigation into the impact of thorium on the models utilized in DWPF's Product Composition and Control System (PCCS). While the PCCS is described in more detail below, for now note that it is utilized by Waste Solidification Engineering (WSE) to evaluate the acceptability of each batch of material in the Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) before this material is passed on to the melter. The evaluation employs models that predict properties associated with processability and product quality from the composition of vitrified samples of the SME material. The investigation of the impact of thorium on these models was conducted by Peeler …
Date:
October 7, 2010
Creator:
Edwards, T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
HANFORDS PUBLIC TOUR PROGRAM - AN EXCELLENT EDUCATIONAL TOOL
Prior to 2001, the Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored limited tours of the Hanford Site for the public, but discontinued the program after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the U.S. In 2003, DOE's Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) requested the site's prime contractor to reinstate the public tour program starting in 2004 under strict controls and security requirements. The planning involved a collaborative effort among the security, safety and communications departments of DOE-RL and the site's contracting companies. This paper describes the evolution of, and enhancements to, Hanford's public tours, including the addition of a separate tour program for the B Reactor, the first full-scale nuclear reactor in the world. Topics included in the discussion include the history and growth of the tour program, associated costs, and visitor surveys and assessments.
Date:
December 7, 2010
Creator:
KM, SINCLAIR
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Undulator Field Integral Measurements
The LCLS undulator field integrals must be very small so that the beam trajectory slope and offset stay within tolerance. In order to make accurate measurements of the small field integrals, a long coil will be used. This note describes the design of the coil measurement system.
Date:
December 7, 2010
Creator:
Wolf, Zachary
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Probing Ferroelectricity in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 with Polarized Soft X-rays
The reduction in symmetry associated with the onset of ferroelectric order in PbZr{sub 0.2}Ti{sub 0.8}O{sub 3} (PZT) thin films leads to a pronounced difference at the Ti L{sub 3,2} absorption edges between spectra measured with the x-ray linear polarization perpendicular and parallel to the ferroelectric polarization. We introduce a general method to analyze the observed difference spectra using atomic multiplet calculations. Moreover, we find experimental evidence for structural changes in PZT induced by the reversal of the ferroelectric polarization.
Date:
June 7, 2010
Creator:
Arenholz, E.; van der Laan, G.; Fraile-Rodriguez, A.; Yu, P.; He, Q. & Ramesh, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optical Design Considerations Relevant to Reflective UV Launch Gratings for Photocathode Irradiation
The characteristics of photoelectron microbunches emitted from a photocathode in response to laser irradiation determine many of the incident laser pulse requirements. RF photocathode designs based on grazing incidence of the irradiation benefit from the removal of launch optics from the electron beamline and enhanced absorption at Brewster angles. However, this also introduces two well known complexities in the laser pulse 'launch' requirements: (i) a transverse spatial anamorphism to guarantee that the projected transverse spatial profile of the irradiation is circular (in the plane of the photocathode) and (ii) a 'time slew' or tilted amplitude front on the laser pulse that is incident on the photocathode to guarantee that the temporal (longitudinal) profiles are synchronous across the entire transverse irradiation profile in the photocathode plane. A single diffraction grating can be used to fulfill these combined requirements. This reported work focuses on grating behavior only. It does not address imaging requirements associated with relayed optical transport from the grating to the photocathode. Because the grating is a highly dispersive optical element by design, the dispersive aspects of all launch requirements are important.
Date:
December 7, 2010
Creator:
Bolton, Paul
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RESULTS OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING FOR THE 183-H SOLAR EVAPORATION BASINS AND 300 AREA PROCESS TRENCHES JANUARY-JUNE 2010
This is one of a series of reports on Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 monitoring at the 183-H Solar Evaporation Basins and the 300 Area Process Trenches. It fulfills the requirement of Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-303-645(11) to report twice each year on the effectiveness of the corrective action program. This report covers the period from January through June 2010. The concentrations of 183-H Solar Evaporation Basins contaminants remained below applicable concentration limits during the reporting period. The most recent exceedance of a concentration limit was May 2007. The overall concentration of uranium in 300 Area Process Trenches wells remained above the 20 {micro}g/L concentration limit in the three downgradient wells screened at the water table. Fluctuations of uranium concentration are caused by changes in river stage. The concentration of cis-l ,2-dichloroethene remained above the 70 {micro}g/L concentration limit in one deep well (399-1-16B). Concentrations are relatively steady at this well and are not affected by river stage. Trichloroethene concentrations were below detection limits in all wells during the reporting period.
Date:
November 7, 2010
Creator:
WEEKES, D. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Human-system Interfaces for Automatic Systems
Automation is ubiquitous in modern complex systems, and commercial nuclear- power plants are no exception. Automation is applied to a wide range of functions including monitoring and detection, situation assessment, response planning, and response implementation. Automation has become a 'team player' supporting personnel in nearly all aspects of system operation. In light of its increasing use and importance in new- and future-plants, guidance is needed to conduct safety reviews of the operator's interface with automation. The objective of this research was to develop such guidance. We first characterized the important HFE aspects of automation, including six dimensions: levels, functions, processes, modes, flexibility, and reliability. Next, we reviewed literature on the effects of all of these aspects of automation on human performance, and on the design of human-system interfaces (HSIs). Then, we used this technical basis established from the literature to identify general principles for human-automation interaction and to develop review guidelines. The guidelines consist of the following seven topics: automation displays, interaction and control, automation modes, automation levels, adaptive automation, error tolerance and failure management, and HSI integration. In addition, our study identified several topics for additional research.
Date:
November 7, 2010
Creator:
O'Hara, J. M.; Higgins, James; Fleger, Stephen & Barnes, Valerie
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Uncertainty Analysis Technique for OMEGA Dante Measurements
The Dante is an 18 channel X-ray filtered diode array which records the spectrally and temporally resolved radiation flux from various targets (e.g. hohlraums, etc.) at X-ray energies between 50 eV to 10 keV. It is a main diagnostics installed on the OMEGA laser facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester. The absolute flux is determined from the photometric calibration of the X-ray diodes, filters and mirrors and an unfold algorithm. Understanding the errors on this absolute measurement is critical for understanding hohlraum energetic physics. We present a new method for quantifying the uncertainties on the determined flux using a Monte-Carlo parameter variation technique. This technique combines the uncertainties in both the unfold algorithm and the error from the absolute calibration of each channel into a one sigma Gaussian error function. One thousand test voltage sets are created using these error functions and processed by the unfold algorithm to produce individual spectra and fluxes. Statistical methods are applied to the resultant set of fluxes to estimate error bars on the measurements.
Date:
May 7, 2010
Creator:
May, M J; Widmann, K; Sorce, C; Park, H & Schneider, M
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Human Factors Aspects of Operating Small Reactors
The nuclear-power community has reached the stage of proposing advanced reactor designs to support power generation for decades to come. They are considering small modular reactors (SMRs) as one approach to meet these energy needs. While the power output of individual reactor modules is relatively small, they can be grouped to produce reactor sites with different outputs. Also, they can be designed to generate hydrogen, or to process heat. Many characteristics of SMRs are quite different from those of current plants, and so may require a concept of operations (ConOps) that also is different. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has begun examining the human factors engineering- (HFE) and ConOps- aspects of SMRs; if needed, they will formulate guidance to support SMR licensing reviews. We developed a ConOps model, consisting of the following dimensions: Plant mission; roles and responsibilities of all agents; staffing, qualifications, and training; management of normal operations; management of off-normal conditions and emergencies; and, management of maintenance and modifications. We are reviewing information on SMR design to obtain data about each of these dimensions, and have identified several preliminary issues. In addition, we are obtaining operations-related information from other types of multi-module systems, such as refineries, to …
Date:
November 7, 2010
Creator:
Ohara, J. M.; Higgins, J.; Deem, R. (BNL); Xing, J. & DAgostino, A. (NRC)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
On a Pioneering Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Model
"Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Model" is a seminal work that continues to form the basis for modern modeling efforts, especially models concerning the membrane and its behavior at the continuum level. The paper is complete with experimental data, modeling equations, model validation, and optimization scenarios. While the treatment of the underlying phenomena is limited to isothermal, single-phase conditions, and one-dimensional flow, it represents the key interactions within the membrane at the center of the PEFC. It focuses on analyzing the water balance within the cell and clearly demonstrates the complex interactions of water diffusion and electro-osmotic flux. Cell-level and system-level water balance are key to the development of efficient PEFCs going forward, particularly as researchers address the need to simplify humidification and recycle configurations while increasing the operating temperature of the stack to minimize radiator requirements.
Date:
July 7, 2010
Creator:
Weber, Adam Z. & Meyers, Jeremy P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
USE OF CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS FOR SRS REACTOR FACILITY IN-SITU DECOMMISSIONING - 11620
The United States Department of Energy (US DOE) concept for facility in-situ decommissioning (ISD) is to physically stabilize and isolate in tact, structurally sound facilities that are no longer needed for their original purpose of, i.e., producing (reactor facilities), processing (isotope separation facilities) or storing radioactive materials. The Savannah River Site 105-P and 105-R Reactor Facility ISD requires about 250,000 cubic yards of grout to fill the below grade structure. The fills are designed to prevent subsidence, reduce water infiltration, and isolate contaminated materials. This work is being performed as a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensations and Liability Act (CERCLA) action and is part of the overall soil and groundwater completion projects for P- and R-Areas. Cementitious materials were designed for the following applications: (1) Below grade massive voids/rooms: Portland cement-based structural flowable fills for - Bulk filling, Restricted placement and Underwater placement. (2) Special below grade applications for reduced load bearing capacity needs: Cellular portland cement lightweight fill (3) Reactor vessel fills that are compatible with reactive metal (aluminum metal) components in the reactor vessels: Calcium sulfoaluminate flowable fill, and Magnesium potassium phosphate flowable fill. (4) Caps to prevent water infiltration and intrusion into areas with the highest levels of …
Date:
December 7, 2010
Creator:
Langton, C.; Stefanko, D.; Serrato, M.; Blankenship, J.; Griffin, W.; Waymer, J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LCLS Spontaneous Radiation with Reflection along the Beam Line in the Undulator Pipes
Monte Carlo simulations of the spontaneous radiation at low and high energies up to the Near Experimental Hall entrance yield beam widths for use in the design of transport and diagnostic instruments in the Front End Enclosure.
Date:
December 7, 2010
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 269, Ed. 1 Wednesday, July 7, 2010
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
July 7, 2010
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 33, No. 278, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 7, 2010
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
January 7, 2010
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 34, No. 187, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 2010
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
October 7, 2010
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 113, Ed. 1 Wednesday, April 7, 2010
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
April 7, 2010
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 135, No. 20, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 2010
Weekly newspaper from Albany, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
October 7, 2010
Creator:
Lucas, Melinda L.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 167, Ed. 1 Friday, May 7, 2010
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
May 7, 2010
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Arlington-Grand Prairie, Tex.), Vol. 33, No. 276, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 7, 2010
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
January 7, 2010
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Arlington-Grand Prairie, Tex.), Vol. 34, No. 185, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 2010
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
October 7, 2010
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 33, No. 277, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 7, 2010
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
January 7, 2010
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 34, No. 186, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 2010
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
October 7, 2010
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Boron-Lined Neutron Detector Measurements
PNNL-18938 Revision Radiation portal monitors used for interdiction of illicit materials at borders include highly sensitive neutron detection systems. The main reason for having neutron detection capability is to detect fission neutrons from plutonium. The currently deployed radiation portal monitors (RPMs) from Ludlum and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) use neutron detectors based upon 3He-filled gas proportional counters, which are the most common large neutron detector. There is a declining supply of 3He in the world, and thus, methods to reduce the use of this gas in RPMs with minimal changes to the current system designs and sensitivity to cargo-borne neutrons are being investigated. Four technologies have been identified as being currently commercially available, potential alternative neutron detectors to replace the use of 3He in RPMs. Reported here are the results of tests of a newly designed boron-lined proportional counter option. This testing measured the neutron detection efficiency and gamma ray rejection capabilities of two successive prototypes of a system manufactured by GE Reuter Stokes.
Date:
March 7, 2010
Creator:
Lintereur, Azaree T.; Kouzes, Richard T.; Ely, James H.; Erikson, Luke E.; Siciliano, Edward R. & Woodring, Mitchell L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Density Nano-Electrode Array for Radiation Detection
Bulk single crystals of Cd1-xZnxTe (x=0.04 to x=0.2) compound semiconductor is used for room temperature radiation detection. The production of large volume of Cd1-xZnxTe with low defect density is expensive. As a result there is a growing research interest in the production of nanostructured compound semiconductors such as Cd1-xZnxTe in an electrochemical route. In this investigation, Cd1-xZnxTe ternary compound semiconductor, referred as CZT, was electrodeposited in the form of nanowires onto a TiO2 nanotubular template from propylene carbonate as the non-aqueous electrolyte, using a pulse-reverse electrodeposition process at 130 ºC. The template acted as a support in growing ordered nanowire of CZT which acts as a one dimensional conductor. Cyclic Voltammogram (CV) studies were conducted in determining the potentials for the growth of nanowires of uniform stoichiometry. The morphologies and composition of CZT were characterized by using SEM, TEM and XRD. The STEM mapping carried out on the nanowires showed the uniform distribution of Cd, Zn and Te elements. TEM image showed that the nanowires were polycrystalline in nature. The Mott-Schottky analysis carried on the nanowires showed that the nanowires were a p-type semiconductor. The carrier density, band gap and resistivity of the Cd0.9Zn0.1Te nanowires were 4.29x1013 cm-3, 1.56 eV …
Date:
May 7, 2010
Creator:
Misra, Mano
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library