Interview with Cleatus A. LeBow, a serviceman in the U. S. Navy during World War II. LeBow joined the navy in 1943 and went from Lubbock, Texas to San Diego for recruit training. He shipped out to Pearl Harbor aboard an LST from San Francisco. At Pearl Harbor, he was assigned to a work detail aboard the USS Oklahoma, which had just been righted. Shortly thereafter, he boarded the USS Indianapolis to serve as a range finder operator on one of the gun turrets. Upon leaving Hawaii, the Indianapolis went to Tarawa and then the Marshall Islands. LeBow witnessed Japanese civilian suicides on Saipan. He also witnessed the flag-raising on Iwo Jima from his range finder position aboard the ship. LeBow describes being hit by a kamikaze off Okinawa. He also discusses delivering atomic bomb components to Tinian and being torpedoed on the way to the Philippines. He describes abandoning the ship and spending five days in the water, including his faith in God, hallucinations, rescue, and his recovery.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Richard Paine. Paine joined the Navy Reserves soon after 7 December 1941. He served as a photographer’s mate in charge of a photo printing lab in Washington DC. Paine briefly discusses the equipment he used. He was discharged in 1944 when he contracted a serious case of tuberculosis and took several years to recover.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Anita Borchers. Borchers speaks on behalf of her late husband, Eddie Borchers, in regards to his military involvement in World War II. Beginning in 1941, Eddie worked in Civil Service at Kelly Air Force Base in San Antonio, as a Logistic Command Officer. He completed schooling in automatic pilot work, which he worked in during the war. Anita shares pictures of Eddie at Kelly Field in November of 1945, and describes the airplanes pictured with him, including the B-17 Flying Fortress and B-24 Liberator. After the war ended, Eddie’s job was to disassemble the planes and remove secret items. He would also photograph the nose art on each plane, before disassembling them, which Anita has in her photo collection. Anita describes the German prisoners still held at the base after the war.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Tina Burnham. Burnham was born in Sulpher Springs, Texas and graduated from high school in 1940. She attended a trade school in Texarkana, Texas to become a riveter. She was then employed at Spartan Aircraft Industries in Tulsa, Oklahoma as a riveter. On this job she manufactured wings on Grumman Wildcat aircraft. In January 1944 she joined the Coast Guard Women’s Reserve (SPARS) and went to Palm Beach, Florida for six weeks of intensive training. She describes the clothing she was issued and the training she received. Upon completion of boot camp she went to Philadelphia working as a pharmacist’s mate in the St. Agnes Hospital. She was then selected to attend the College of Pharmacy at Columbia University. She graduated 31 December 1944. After spending a short time in the SPARS barracks sick bay in Norfolk, Virginia she was transferred to the Marine Hospital in Norfolk. While at the hospital she rotated through the various departments. She states that surgery was her favorite. She was then sent to the Elizabeth City, North Carolina, Coast Guard Air Station where she served until being discharged 20 May 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Dick Schumacher. He was born in 1916 in Canton, Ohio. In about 1941, he received a Navy commission and was sent to Navy Supply Corps School in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His first duty assignment was to the Supply Department at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard during the building of the USS New Jersey (BB-62) and the USS Wisconsin (BB-64). He was assigned to the USS Ashland (LSD-1) in 1943 and served in the Pacific Theater until June 1945. He describes the living conditions on the ship. He shares his concern about being blown up while transporting large amounts of ammunition. Prior to his discharge in February 1946, he was assigned to the Naval Storehouse in Baltimore, Maryland. He shares anecdotes about being required to have a sword; the crew brewing alcoholic beverages on the ship; the ship hitting the dock at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; and experiencing a typhoon while at sea.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Stan Martin. Martin was born in New Zealand, and joined the Territorial Army, the New Zealand Navy, around 1941. He worked as a Radarman, and served at radar posts around the Port of Auckland and Wellington. He was later assigned to the Royal Navy, and served aboard a British ship. He participated in the Battle of Okinawa. He became involved with the 2nd Marine Division Association and helped these veterans reconnect with those who helped make them welcome in New Zealand. He was made an honorary member of the association and attended many of their reunions both in New Zealand and the United States.

Transcript of an oral interview with Ursula Kramer. Born in 1907 in Königsberg, East Prussia, she talks about her life during World War I as the daughter of a German Army officer. She then recounts her life in Germany and Austria during World War II as the wife of a professor. She describes the living conditions in Germany during and after the war. She talks about the Allied bombing of Berlin. She discusses her husband's involvement in a secret German resistance effort as well as her own anti-Hitler feelings. After the war, her husband spent five months in an American prisoner-of-war camp. Ursula, her husband, and their children immigrated to the United States after the war.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Raul Treto. Treto was born in Harlingen, Texas 4 November 1921. In September 1942 he was drafted into the Army and sent to Camp Robinson, Arkansas for eighteen weeks of basic training. Upon completion of basic he was assigned to the 98th Signal Battalion and sent to Camp Blanding, Florida for advanced training. In June 1944 the battalion traveled by troop train to Camp Stoneman, California. Boarding a liberty ship, they proceeded on a thirty day voyage to Aitape, Papua New Guinea. Upon arrival in New Guinea, Treto was assigned to a radio platoon. While on New Guinea he saw a USO Show put on by Bob Hope. He tells of going to Morotai as well as taking part in the invasion of Luzon. During August 1945 he was selected to go aboard the USS Mount Olympus (AGC-8) as part of the crew manning the radios and was on board in Tokyo Bay when the surrender of Japan was officially accepted. He returned to his unit which was stationed outside Yokohama. He returned to the United States and was discharged December 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Albert Finley. Finley joined the Marine Corps around December of 1943. He provides vivid details of his boot camp experiences. He served with Headquarters Company, 4th Marines, as a radar mechanic on Corsairs, repairing radio and radar gear. Beginning in September of 1944 they traveled to Guam, Kwajalein, Pearl Harbor and Majuro in the Marshall Islands. Finley shares a number of anecdotal stories, including working with POWs. He was discharged in the fall of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Albert Finley. Finley joined the Marine Corps around December of 1943. He provides vivid details of his boot camp experiences. He served with Headquarters Company, 4th Marines, as a radar mechanic on Corsairs, repairing radio and radar gear. Beginning in September of 1944 they traveled to Guam, Kwajalein, Pearl Harbor and Majuro in the Marshall Islands. Finley shares a number of anecdotal stories, including working with POWs. He was discharged in the fall of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Al Kiracofe. Kiracofe joined the Navy in 1942 and received yeoman training at Great Lakes. Upon completion, he was assigned to CASU-22 at Quonset Point, helping to prepare squadrons for overseas deployment. He was then assigned to Carrier Air Group 41, which was just beginning to use radar for night flying. One of his duties as yeoman was to send letters of regret to the parents of soldiers who were killed in action. The experience upset him to the point that he remembered the date of each letter for the rest of his life. He was transferred to Carrier Air Group 10 aboard the USS Intrepid (CV-11) and helped to set up squadrons in Alameda from January 1943 to September 1944. At Okinawa, a kamikaze hit caused the deaths of eight men on the Intrepid. When the ship returned to Alameda for repairs, Kiracofe was so shaken up that he was ordered to a US Naval hospital for treatment and received a medical discharge in July 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Al Kiracofe. Kiracofe joined the Navy in 1942 and received yeoman training at Great Lakes. Upon completion, he was assigned to CASU-22 at Quonset Point, helping to prepare squadrons for overseas deployment. He was then assigned to Carrier Air Group 41, which was just beginning to use radar for night flying. One of his duties as yeoman was to send letters of regret to the parents of soldiers who were killed in action. The experience upset him to the point that he remembered the date of each letter for the rest of his life. He was transferred to Carrier Air Group 10 aboard the USS Intrepid (CV-11) and helped to set up squadrons in Alameda from January 1943 to September 1944. At Okinawa, a kamikaze hit caused the deaths of eight men on the Intrepid. When the ship returned to Alameda for repairs, Kiracofe was so shaken up that he was ordered to a US Naval hospital for treatment and received a medical discharge in July 1945.

Transcript of an oral interview with Cesar Fourzan, Jr. He enlisted in the Army in 1940 and was assigned to C Troop of the First Cavalry Division. He trained as a cavalry soldier at Fort Bliss, Texas. He was sent to Fort Riley, Kansas where he attended Officer Candidate School. He shares an anecdote about losing his accent in order to receive his commission. He was assigned to the 9th Cavalry and served as the squadron paymaster. He shares anecdotes about taking African American soldiers into Mexico for recreation and about taking aerial photos of Fort Clark, Texas. He participated in a horse march from Fort Ringgold, Texas to Alpine, Texas, when he was in the 112th Cavalry, Second Cavalry Division. He shares anecdotes about his trip to Australia aboard the USS Hermitage (AP-54); witnessing the landing of General McArthur on Leyte; adopting a puppy and interacting with children on Luzon; and his return trip to the United States. He also shares his recollection of eating ground grasshoppers. He spent twenty-nine years and seven months in the Army and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Arlos L. ""Curly"" Awalt. Curly was drafted into the Army shortly after he finished high school in August, 1944. After basic training, Curly describes getting overseas to Europe. He was shipped to England then sent to France before being assigned to a unit. Once he was in France, he was attached to a heavy mortar section in H Company, 2nd Battalion, 424th Regiment, 106th Infantry Division. Curly arrived as a replacement in the 10th ID during the Battle of the Bulge. Curly mentions the conditions and describes his activities. He also speaks about the death and burial of General George Patton. When the war ended, Curly worked in a displaced persons / prisoner of war camp sorting through the people and returning them to their homes. Curly finishes by speaking about awards he finally received from the Belgian government 60 years after the war ended and some of his experiences speaking as a veteran with local school children in Fredericksburg, Texas.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Robert Carlson. Carlson joined the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1938. He joined the Army Air Forces in April of 1943 and served as a B-17 ball turret gunner with the 96th Bomb Group, 338th Bomb Squadron, 8th Air Force. He was sent to England in early 1944. In April, during his fifth mission, his plane was shot down over Belgium. Carlson and his crew were captured and imprisoned in Southern Germany at Stalag Luft 4 and then 6. They were liberated by the Americans on 26 April 1945. He was discharged in late 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with George Franke. Franke joined the Navy in December of 1942. He completed radio, radar and gunnery school. He first trained in an ABX with hand-crank antennas. He later traveled to Florida to train in the Grumman TBF Avengers. In February of 1944 he volunteered for night flying in Quonset Point, Rhode Island. His unit practiced night flying to and from the USS Independence (CVL-22). They also completed anti-submarine patrol missions. In 1944 they participated in the Palau and Philippine operations, supporting landings at Angaur Island, Mindanao and Luzon. Franke shares his experiences over Formosa of a battle between the night fighters and some Japanese bombers. They also covered landings at Lingayen and Leyte gulfs. After their outfit was broken up, he started a training group in Vero Beach, Florida.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Robert Benzinger. Benzinger joined the Navy in June of 1944. He completed Radio School. He was stationed as a Radio Technician at the Navy Pier in Chicago and worked with all Navy communications equipment. He graduated from Navy Pier just as the war ended and continued on with his service. He worked in a receiving station on Leyte Gulf in the Philippine from September of 1945 through May of 1946. He was discharged in June of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Buddy McLeroy. McLeroy joined the Navy in 1943 and was sent aboard USS Dallas (DD-199). He was then sent to signalman school in Maine. McLeroy was then assigned to the USS Hilary P. Jones (DD-427). He describes his duties as a signalman, the equipment he used, and shipboard life. McLeroy took part in convoy escort duty in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. He describes the transfer of his ship to the Pacific and mentions some of the activity that it was involved with. McLeroy was at his watch station when he observed the surrender ceremony in Tokyo Bay. He left the service when he returned to the US.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Rudy Rodriguez. Rodriguez left high school and joined the Marine Corps in 1943 and received basic training in San Diego. He then received advanced infantry training and was assigned to the 3rd Marine Division as a rifleman. After deploying to Guam with the 21st Marine Regiment, Rodriguez learned that he could get out of mess duty and guard duty if he completed flame-thrower training and advanced to PFC. Upon completion of special weapons training, he joined a three-man flamethrower patrol unit. More than once, he encountered Japanese holdouts who either attacked or committed suicide by way of grenade. In addition to capturing a half-dozen Japanese, Rodriguez discovered an American who had been hiding safely among the natives for years. Rodriguez enjoyed trading with the Chamorros, bringing mangoes and bananas back to camp to curry favor and avoid punishment for his unauthorized bartering. After a year and a half, Rodriguez was transferred to Hawaii. Before his discharge, he earned his high school diploma at the Aiea Military School of the Marine Corps.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Robert Burley. Burley joined the Army Air Forces in October of 1942. He completed armament school, and was assigned to the 1025th Training Squadron. Burley worked at the gunnery range, ensuring each gun remained operable for training. He was sent to a B-29 gunnery school at Lowry Field in Colorado, and was later stationed at the Red Cross Office in Biloxi, Mississippi performing routine maintenance on armament for an emergency rescue unit. Burley was discharged in January of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Robert Bloedorn. Bloedorn joined the Marine Corps in June of 1944. He traveled to Guam and served with the 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division. He participated in the Battle of Iwo Jima from February through April of 1945. He was discharged in July of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with James Caronna. Caronna joined the Navy in June of 1944. He was assigned to specialized beach battalion training, including landing LCVPs, setting explosives, completing booby trap school and bayonet fighting. In November of 1944 Caronna was assigned to the USS Neshoba (APA-216), working the 40mm antiaircraft gun. From December of 1944 through March of 1946 he served aboard the USS Natrona (APA-214). They participated in the Battle of Okinawa. They transported Japanese prisoners to Guam and a Seabee unit to Samar. Caronna was discharged in June of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with J. Glen Cleckler. He begins by discussing his background and how he and 7 buddies went to a recruiting offices to get forms to have an excuse for the principal for why they skipped school that day (it was actually to go see a movie) and ended up with the principal allowing them to graduate early to join the Marines. He discusses going through boot camp and other training programs, the battle of Iwo Jima, hygiene during a battle, seeing one of the flags raised on Iwo and a couple stories about Harlan Block, one of the flag raisers and part of the group he joined the Marines with. He ancedotes about getting a ride back to the States on a ship full of Section-8 soldiers (PTSD victims), meeting German prisoners of war and Jim Crow laws.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Bernard Dillon. Dillon joined the Navy in February of 1943. Around December of 1944 he completed radio operator training and was assigned to ACORN-24 in the Admiralty Islands. They constructed an airfield for patrol planes on Los Negros Island. Dillon assisted with construction and with copying Morse Code. He returned to the US in May of 1945, reenlisted and served another 2 years, receiving his discharge in late 1947.