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FY05 LDRD Final Report Technology Basis for Fluorescence Imaging in the Nuclear Domain (FIND) (open access)

FY05 LDRD Final Report Technology Basis for Fluorescence Imaging in the Nuclear Domain (FIND)

Work performed as a part of this ER sets the foundation for applications of high brightness light sources to important homeland security and nonproliferation problems. Extensive modeling has been performed with the aim to understand the performance of a class of interrogation systems that exploit nuclear resonance fluorescence to detect specific isotopes, of particular importance for national security and industry.
Date: February 13, 2006
Creator: Barty, C J
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Hurricane Katrina Relief (open access)

Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Hurricane Katrina Relief

This CRS report summarizes federal disaster assistance funding legislation in the 109th Congress and presents some information on federal expenditures and obligations for disaster recovery activities.
Date: May 16, 2006
Creator: Bea, Keith
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Farm and Food Support Under USDA’s Section 32 Program (open access)

Farm and Food Support Under USDA’s Section 32 Program

This report provides information about the Farm and Food Support Under USDA’s Section 32 Program which is funded by a permanent appropriation of 30% of previous year' s custom receipts to support the farm sector.
Date: August 11, 2006
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY05 LDRD Final Report Molecular Engineering of Electrodialysis Membranes 03-ERD-060 (open access)

FY05 LDRD Final Report Molecular Engineering of Electrodialysis Membranes 03-ERD-060

Using a combination of modeling and experimental work we have developed a new method for purifying water that uses less energy than conventional methods and that can be made selective for removing targeted contaminants. The method uses nanoporous membranes that are permselective for anion or cation transfer. Ion selectivity results from double layer overlap inside the pores such that they dominantly contain ions opposite in charge to the surface charge of the membrane. Membrane charge can be adjusted through functionalization. Experiments confirm membrane permselectivity and overall energy use less than that for conventional electrodialysis. The nanoporous membranes are used in a conventional electrodialysis configuration and can be incorporated in existing electrodialysis systems without modification. The technology merits further development and testing in real systems, and could result in a significant reduction in water treatment costs.
Date: February 22, 2006
Creator: Bourcier, W.; O'Brien, K.; Sawvel, A.; Johnson, M.; Bettencourt, K.; Letant, S. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY05 LDRD Final Report, A Revolution in Biological Imaging (open access)

FY05 LDRD Final Report, A Revolution in Biological Imaging

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are currently under development and will provide a peak brightness more than 10 orders of magnitude higher than modern synchrotrons. The goal of this project was to perform the fundamental research to evaluate the possibility of harnessing these unique x-ray sources to image single biological particles and molecules at atomic resolution. Using a combination of computational modeling and experimental verification where possible, they showed that it should indeed be possible to record coherent scattering patterns from single molecules with pulses that are shorter than the timescales for the degradation of the structure due to the interaction with those pulses. They used these models to determine the effectiveness of strategies to allow imaging using longer XFEL pulses and to design validation experiments to be carried out at interim ultrafast sources. They also developed and demonstrated methods to recover three-dimensional (3D) images from coherent diffraction patterns, similar to those expected from XFELs. The images of micron-sized test objects are the highest-resolution 3D images of any noncrystalline material ever formed with x-rays. The project resulted in 14 publications in peer-reviewed journals and four records of invention.
Date: January 20, 2006
Creator: Chapman, H. N.; Bajt, S.; Balhorn, R.; Barty, A.; Barsky, D.; Bogan, M. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations, FY1989-FY2006 (open access)

Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations, FY1989-FY2006

From FY1989 through FY2006, 33 appropriations, authorization, or farm disaster acts added approximately $55.4 billion in supplemental funding for U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs. The two most recent supplemental appropriations were provided in response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the Gulf of Mexico and in preparation for a possible U.S. outbreak of avian influenza. Some FY1989, the vast majority of the total supplemental funding has been paid directly to farmers, primarily through two mechanisms: "market loss payments" and crop disaster payments. This report includes the total annual funding additions in the 33 acts providing economic and farm disaster assistance through USDA programs since FY1989.
Date: July 3, 2006
Creator: Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Authorization and Appropriation Bills: FY1970-FY2006 (open access)

Defense Authorization and Appropriation Bills: FY1970-FY2006

This report is a research aid, which lists the DOD authorization bills (Table 1) and appropriations bills (Table 2). This report includes all the pertinent information on the passage of these bills through the legislative process: bill numbers, report numbers, dates reported and passed, recorded vote numbers and vote tallies, dates of passage of the conference reports with their numbers and votes, vetoes, substitutions, dates of final passage, and public law numbers. Table 3 shows real growth or decline in national defense funding for FY1940-FY2009. Table 4 gives a more detailed picture of both regular and supplemental defense appropriations from the 103rd Congress to the present (FY1993-FY2005). Table 5 shows the President’s DOD appropriations budget requests for FY1950-FY2005 vs. final amount enacted.
Date: April 21, 2006
Creator: Coipuram, Thomas, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Authorization and Appropriations Bills: FY1970-FY2006 (open access)

Defense Authorization and Appropriations Bills: FY1970-FY2006

This report is a research aid, which lists the DOD authorization bills (Table 1) and appropriations bills (Table 2). This report includes all the pertinent information on the passage of these bills through the legislative process: bill numbers, report numbers, dates reported and passed, recorded vote numbers and vote tallies, dates of passage of the conference reports with their numbers and votes, vetoes, substitutions, dates of final passage, and public law numbers. Table 3 shows real growth or decline in national defense funding for FY1940-FY2009. Table 4 gives a more detailed picture of both regular and supplemental defense appropriations from the 103rd Congress to the present (FY1993-FY2005). Table 5 shows the President’s DOD appropriations budget requests for FY1950-FY2005 vs. final amount enacted.
Date: June 13, 2006
Creator: Coipuram, Thomas, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Authorization and Appropriations Bills: FY1970-FY2006 (open access)

Defense Authorization and Appropriations Bills: FY1970-FY2006

This report is a research aid, which lists the DOD authorization bills (Table 1) and appropriations bills (Table 2). This report includes all the pertinent information on the passage of these bills through the legislative process: bill numbers, report numbers, dates reported and passed, recorded vote numbers and vote tallies, dates of passage of the conference reports with their numbers and votes, vetoes, substitutions, dates of final passage, and public law numbers. Table 3 shows real growth or decline in national defense funding for FY1940-FY2009. Table 4 gives a more detailed picture of both regular and supplemental defense appropriations from the 103rd Congress to the present (FY1993-FY2005). Table 5 shows the President’s DOD appropriations budget requests for FY1950-FY2005 vs. final amount enacted.
Date: June 13, 2006
Creator: Coipuram, Thomas, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations (open access)

Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations

This report summarizes, in chronological order, congressional activity to fund items in the State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) account since 1987. In appropriations legislation, funding for EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) wastewater assistance is contained in the measure providing funds for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies.
Date: January 19, 2006
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY2005 Progress Summary and FY2006 Program Plan Statement of Work and Deliverables for Development of High Average Power Diode-Pumped Solid State Lasers, and Complementary Technologies, for Applications in Energy and Defense (open access)

FY2005 Progress Summary and FY2006 Program Plan Statement of Work and Deliverables for Development of High Average Power Diode-Pumped Solid State Lasers, and Complementary Technologies, for Applications in Energy and Defense

The primary focus this year was to operate the system with two amplifiers populated with and pumped by eight high power diode arrays. The system was operated for extended run periods which enabled average power testing of components, diagnostics, and controls. These tests were highly successful, with a demonstrated energy level of over 55 joules for 4 cumulative hours at a repetition rate of 10 Hz (average power 0.55 kW). In addition, high average power second harmonic generation was demonstrated, achieving 227 W of 523.5 nm light (22.7 J, 10 Hz, 15 ns, 30 minutes) Plans to achieve higher energy levels and average powers are in progress. The dual amplifier system utilizes a 4-pass optical arrangement. The Yb:S-FAP slabs were mounted in aerodynamic aluminum vane structures to allow turbulent helium gas flow across the faces. Diagnostic packages that monitored beam performance were deployed during operation. The laser experiments involved injecting a seed beam from the front end into the system and making four passes through both amplifiers. Beam performance diagnostics monitored the beam on each pass to assess system parameters such as gain and nearfield intensity profiles. This year, an active mirror and wavefront sensor were procured and demonstrated in …
Date: March 24, 2006
Creator: Ebbers, C
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY04&05 LDRD Final Report Fission Fragment Sputtering (open access)

FY04&05 LDRD Final Report Fission Fragment Sputtering

Fission fragments born within the first 7 {micro}m of the surface of U metal can eject a thousand or more atoms per fission event. Existing data in the literature show that the sputtering yield ranges from 10 to 10,000 atoms per fission event near the surface, but nothing definitive is known about the energy of the sputtered clusters. Experimental packages were constructed allowing the neutron irradiation of natural uranium foils to investigate the amount of material removed per fission event and the kinetic energy distribution of the sputtered atoms. Samples were irradiated but were never analyzed after irradiation. Similar experiments were attempted in a non-radioactive environment using accelerator driven ions in place of fission induced fragments. These experiments showed that tracks produced parallel to the surface (and not perpendicular to the surface) are the primary source of the resulting particulate ejecta. Modeling studies were conducted in parallel with the experimental work. Because the reactor irradiation experiments were not analyzed, data on the energy of the resulting particulate ejecta was not obtained. However, some data was found in the literature on self sputtering of {sup 252}Cf that was used to estimate the velocity and hence the energy of the ejected particulates. …
Date: February 22, 2006
Creator: Ebbinghaus, B.; Trelenberg, T.; Meier, T.; Felter, T.; Sturgeon, J.; Kuboda, A. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY05 LDRD Final Report Mapping Phonons at High-pressure (open access)

FY05 LDRD Final Report Mapping Phonons at High-pressure

In order to shed light on the intriguing, and not yet fully understood fcc-isostructural {gamma} {yields} {alpha} transition in cerium, we have begun an experimental program aimed at the determination of the pressure evolution of the transverse acoustic (TA) and longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonon dispersions up to and above the transition. {gamma}-Ce Crystals of 60-80 mm diameter and 20 mm thickness were prepared from a large ingot, obtained from Ames Lab, using laser cutting, micro-mechanical and chemical polishing techniques. Three samples with a surface normal approximately oriented along the [110] direction were loaded into diamond anvil cells (DAC), using neon as a pressure transmitting medium. The crystalline quality was checked by rocking curve scans and typical values obtained ranged between one and two degrees. Only a slight degradation in the sample quality was observed when the pressure was increased to reach the {alpha}-phase, and data could be therefore recorded in this phase as well. The spectrometer was operated at 17794 eV in Kirkpatrick-Baez focusing geometry, providing an energy resolution of 3 meV and a focal spot size at the sample position of 30 x 60 mm{sup 2} (horizontal x vertical, FWHM). Eight to ten IXS spectra were typically recorded per …
Date: February 10, 2006
Creator: Farber, D. L.; Antonangelli, D.; Beraud, A.; Krisch, M. & Aracne, C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority of Texas Annual Financial Report: 2005 (open access)

Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority of Texas Annual Financial Report: 2005

Annual financial report of the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority of Texas documenting income, expenditures, and other relevant financial information for fiscal year ending August 31, 2005.
Date: 2006~
Creator: Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority (Tex.)
Object Type: Report
System: The Portal to Texas History
FY05 LDRD Final Report Spectroscopy of Shocked Deuterium (open access)

FY05 LDRD Final Report Spectroscopy of Shocked Deuterium

We summarize the observations of unusual optical properties of shocked liquid deuterium (D{sub 2}) that led to proposing spectroscopic measurements. The apparatus built for the measurements is briefly described, along with some representative results in a test material. Unfortunately, spectroscopic measurements were not performed in shocked D{sub 2} during the course of the project. Some reasons are noted.
Date: March 27, 2006
Creator: Holmes, N. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY05 LDRD Final Report Molecular Radiation Biodosimetry LDRD Project Tracking Code: 04-ERD-076 (open access)

FY05 LDRD Final Report Molecular Radiation Biodosimetry LDRD Project Tracking Code: 04-ERD-076

In the event of a nuclear or radiological accident or terrorist event, it is important to identify individuals that can benefit from prompt medical care and to reassure those that do not need it. Achieving these goals will maximize the ability to manage the medical consequences of radiation exposure that unfold over a period of hours, days, weeks, years, depending on dose. Medical interventions that reduce near term morbidity and mortality from high but non-lethal exposures require advanced medical support and must be focused on those in need as soon as possible. There are two traditional approaches to radiation dosimetry, physical and biological. Each as currently practiced has strengths and limitations. Physical dosimetry for radiation exposure is routine for selected sites and for individual nuclear workers in certain industries, medical centers and research institutions. No monitoring of individuals in the general population is currently performed. When physical dosimetry is available at the time of an accident/event or soon thereafter, it can provide valuable information in support of accident/event triage. Lack of data for most individuals is a major limitation, as differences in exposure can be significant due to shielding, atmospherics, etc. A smaller issue in terms of number of people …
Date: February 3, 2006
Creator: Jones, I. M.; A.Coleman, M.; Lehmann, J.; Manohar, C. F.; Marchetti, F.; Mariella, R. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY05 LDRD Final Report Sensor Fusion for Regional Monitoring of Nuclear Materials with Ubiquitous Detection (open access)

FY05 LDRD Final Report Sensor Fusion for Regional Monitoring of Nuclear Materials with Ubiquitous Detection

The detection of the unconventional delivery of a nuclear weapon or the illicit transport of fissile materials is one of the most crucial, and difficult, challenges facing us today in national security. A wide array of radiation detectors are now being deployed domestically and internationally to address this problem. This initial deployment will be followed by radiation detection systems, composed of intelligent, networked devices intended to supplement the choke-point perimeter systems with more comprehensive broad-area, or regional coverage. Cataloging and fusing the data from these new detection systems will clearly be one of the most significant challenges in radiation-based security systems. We present here our results from our first 6 months of effort on this project. We anticipate the work will continue as part of the Predictive Knowledge System Strategic Initiative.
Date: February 15, 2006
Creator: Labov, S E & Craig, W W
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY05 LDRD Final ReportTime-Resolved Dynamic Studies using Short Pulse X-Ray Radiation (open access)

FY05 LDRD Final ReportTime-Resolved Dynamic Studies using Short Pulse X-Ray Radiation

Established techniques must be extended down to the ps and sub-ps time domain to directly probe product states of materials under extreme conditions. We used short pulse ({le} 1 ps) x-ray radiation to track changes in the physical properties in tandem with measurements of the atomic and electronic structure of materials undergoing fast laser excitation and shock-related phenomena. The sources included those already available at LLNL, including the picosecond X-ray laser as well as the ALS Femtosecond Phenomena beamline and the SSRL based sub-picosecond photon source (SPPS). These allow the temporal resolution to be improved by 2 orders of magnitude over the current state-of-the-art, which is {approx} 100 ps. Thus, we observed the manifestations of dynamical processes with unprecedented time resolution. Time-resolved x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray scattering were used to study phase changes in materials with sub-picosecond time resolution. These experiments coupled to multiscale modeling allow us to explore the physics of materials in high laser fields and extreme non-equilibrium states of matter. The ability to characterize the physical and electronic structure of materials under extreme conditions together with state-of-the-art models and computational facilities will catapult LLNL's core competencies into the scientific world arena as well as support its …
Date: February 10, 2006
Creator: Nelson, A; Dunn, J; van Buuren, T; Budil, K; Sadigh, B; Gilmer, G et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fiscal Year 2005 Homeland Security Grant Program: State Allocations and Issues for Congressional Oversight (open access)

Fiscal Year 2005 Homeland Security Grant Program: State Allocations and Issues for Congressional Oversight

None
Date: August 4, 2006
Creator: Reese, Shawn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY2005 Appropriations for First Responder Preparedness: Issues and Analysis (open access)

FY2005 Appropriations for First Responder Preparedness: Issues and Analysis

None
Date: August 2, 2006
Creator: Reese, Shawn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY05 LDRD Final Report Coupled Turbulenc/Transport Model for Edge-Plasmas (open access)

FY05 LDRD Final Report Coupled Turbulenc/Transport Model for Edge-Plasmas

An edge-plasma simulation for tokamak fusion devices is developed that couples 3D turbulence and 2D transport, including detailed sources and sinks, to determine self-consistent steady-state plasma profiles. Relaxed iterative coupling is shown to be effective when edge turbulence is partially suppressed, for example, by shear E x B shear flow as occurs during the favorable H-mode region. Unsuppressed turbulence is found to lead to large, intermittent edge transport events where the coupling procedure can lead to substantial inaccuracies in describing the true time-averaged plasma behavior.
Date: February 9, 2006
Creator: Rognlien, T.; Cohen, R.; LoDestro, L.; Palasek, R.; Umansky, M. & Xu, X.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trends in U.S. Global AIDS Spending: FY2000-FY2007 (open access)

Trends in U.S. Global AIDS Spending: FY2000-FY2007

None
Date: December 26, 2006
Creator: Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY05 LDRD Fianl Report Investigation of AAA+ protein machines that participate in DNA replication, recombination, and in response to DNA damage LDRD Project Tracking Code: 04-LW-049 (open access)

FY05 LDRD Fianl Report Investigation of AAA+ protein machines that participate in DNA replication, recombination, and in response to DNA damage LDRD Project Tracking Code: 04-LW-049

The AAA+ proteins are remarkable macromolecules that are able to self-assemble into nanoscale machines. These protein machines play critical roles in many cellular processes, including the processes that manage a cell's genetic material, but the mechanism at the molecular level has remained elusive. We applied computational molecular modeling, combined with advanced sequence analysis and available biochemical and genetic data, to structurally characterize eukaryotic AAA+ proteins and the protein machines they form. With these models we have examined intermolecular interactions in three-dimensions (3D), including both interactions between the components of the AAA+ complexes and the interactions of these protein machines with their partners. These computational studies have provided new insights into the molecular structure and the mechanism of action for AAA+ protein machines, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of processes involved in DNA metabolism.
Date: December 4, 2006
Creator: Sawicka, D; de Carvalho-Kavanagh, M S; Barsky, D & Venclovas, C
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY05 LDRD Final Report Chemical Dynamics At Interfaces (open access)

FY05 LDRD Final Report Chemical Dynamics At Interfaces

At high pressure and temperature, the phase diagram of elemental carbon is poorly known. We present predictions of diamond and BC8 melting lines and their phase boundary in the solid phase, as obtained from first principles calculations. Maxima are found in both melting lines, with a triple point located at {approx} 850 GPa and {approx} 7400 K. Our results show that hot, compressed diamond is a semiconductor which undergoes metalization upon melting. In contrast, in the stability range of BC8, an insulator to metal transition is likely to occur in the solid phase. Close to the diamond/ and BC8/liquid boundaries, molten carbon is a low-coordinated metal retaining some covalent character in its bonding up to extreme pressures. Our results provide constraints on the carbon equation of state, which is of critical importance for devising models of Neptune, Uranus and white dwarf stars, as well as of extra-solar carbon-rich planets.
Date: February 9, 2006
Creator: Schwegler, E; Ogitsu, T; Bonev, S; Correa, A; Militzer, B & Galli, G
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library