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Advanced Controls and Communications for Demand Response andEnergy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings
Commercial buildings account for a large portion of summer peak demand. Research results show that there is significant potential to reduce peak demand in commercial buildings through advanced control technologies and strategies. However, a better understanding of commercial building's contribution to peak demand and the use of energy management and control systems is required to develop this demand response resource to its full potential. This paper discusses recent research results and new opportunities for advanced building control systems to provide demand response (DR) to improve electricity markets and reduce electric grid problems. The main focus of this paper is the role of new and existing control systems for HVAC and lighting in commercial buildings. A demand-side management framework from building operations perspective with three main features: daily energy efficiency, daily peak load management and event driven, dynamic demand response is presented. A general description of DR, its benefits, and nationwide potential in commercial buildings is outlined. Case studies involving energy management and control systems and DR savings opportunities are presented. The paper also describes results from three years of research in California to automate DR in buildings. Case study results and research on advanced buildings systems in New York are …
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Kiliccote, Sila; Piette, Mary Ann & Hansen, David
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alloy 22 Localized Corrosion Susceptibility In Aqueous Solutions Of Chloride And Nitrate Salts Of Sodium And Potassium At 110 - 150?C
Alloy 22 (a nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy) is being investigated for use as the outer barrier of waste containers for a high-level nuclear waste repository in the thick unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Experiments were conducted to assess crevice corrosion of Alloy 22 in de-aerated aqueous solutions of chloride and nitrate salts of potassium and sodium in the temperature range 110-150 C (some limited testing was also conducted at 90 C). Electrochemical tests were run in neutral salt solutions without acid addition and others were run in salt solutions with an initial hydrogen ion concentration of 10{sup -4} molal. The Alloy 22 specimens were weld prism specimens and de-aeration was performed with nitrogen gas. No evidence of crevice corrosion was observed in the range 125-150 C. In the 120 to 160 C temperature range, the anionic concentration of stable aqueous solutions is dominated by nitrate relative to chloride. At nominally 120 C, the minimum nitrate to chloride ratio is about 4.5, and it increases to about 22 at nominally 155 C. The absence of localized corrosion susceptibility in these solutions is attributed to the known inhibiting effect of the nitrate anion. At 110 C, aqueous solutions can have dissolved chloride in …
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Felker, S; Hailey, P D; Lian, T; Staggs, K J & Gdowski, G E
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alternative Approach to Nuclear Data Representation: Building the infrastructure to support QMU and next-generation simulations
The nuclear data infrastructure currently relies on punch-card era formats designed some five decades ago. Though this system has worked well, recent interest in non-traditional and complicated physics processes has demanded a change. Here we present an alternative approach under development at LLNL. In this approach data is described through collections of distinct and self-contained simple data structures. This structure-based format is compared with traditional ENDF and ENDL, which can roughly be characterized as dictionary-based representations.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Pruet, J.; Brown, D. A.; Beck, B. & McNabb, D. P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 244, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 17, 2006
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Bush, Michael
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Banking and Securities Regulation and Agency Enforcement Authorities
The federal bank regulatory agencies — the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Office of Thrift Supervision — have extensive authority to enforce various legal and regulatory standards with respect to the banking institutions that they supervise. Similarly, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has a wide range of tools to enforce the securities laws. This report provides a brief sketch of these authorities and identifies the organizational entities within each agency that Congress assigns enforcement responsibilities. It includes a table comparing the formal enforcement tools that the banking agencies may use with those of the SEC.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Jackson, William D.; Jickling, Mark; Shorter, Gary; Murphy, M. Maureen & Seitzinger, Michael V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 85, No. 39, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 17, 2006
Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Cash, Wanda Garner
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Bioterrorism Countermeasure Development: Issues in Patents and Homeland Security
Congressional interest in the development of bioterrorism countermeasures remains strong, even after passage of legislation establishing Project BioShield. In the 109th Congress, several bills have been introduced, including S. 3, the Protecting America in the War on Terror Act, S. 975, the Project Bioshield II Act, and S. 1873, the Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act, that would generate additional incentives for the creation of new technologies to counteract potential biological threats. These bills propose reforms to current policies and practices associated with intellectual property, particularly patents, and the marketing of pharmaceuticals and related products.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Schacht, Wendy H. & Thomas, John R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Boerne Star & Recorder (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 100, No. 5, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 17, 2006
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Cartwright, Brian
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Broadband Internet Access and the Digital Divide: Federal Assistance Programs
Some policymakers, believing that disparities in broadband access across American society could have adverse economic and social consequences on those left behind, assert that the federal government should play a more active role to avoid a “digital divide” in broadband access. One approach is for the federal government to provide financial assistance to support broadband deployment in underserved areas. Others, however, believe that federal assistance for broadband deployment is not appropriate. Some opponents question the reality of the “digital divide,” and argue that federal intervention in the broadband marketplace would be premature and, in some cases, counterproductive.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Kruger, Lennard G. & Gilroy, Angele A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects
There is a likelihood of large reserves of crude oil and natural gas in the Caspian Sea region, and a consequent large increase in oil and natural gas production from that area. Because diversity of energy sources is a consideration in Congressional deliberations on energy policy, this prospect could play a role in such discussions. However, there are notable obstacles to increases in Caspian Sea region production of oil and gas that may slow development.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Gelb, Bernard A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects
There is a likelihood of large reserves of crude oil and natural gas in the Caspian Sea region, and a consequent large increase in oil and natural gas production from that area. Because diversity of energy sources is a consideration in Congressional deliberations on energy policy, this prospect could play a role in such discussions. However, there are notable obstacles to increases in Caspian Sea region production of oil and gas that may slow development.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Gelb, Bernard A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Combating Terrorism: Determining and Reporting Federal Funding Data
A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The President's annual budget reports on federal funding dedicated to combating terrorism activities. Identification of such funding is inherently difficult because a significant portion of combating terrorism funding is embedded within appropriation accounts that include funding for other activities as well. In 2002, GAO reported on the difficulties that the executive branch faced in reporting funding for combating terrorism to Congress (see GAO-03-170). This report updates the information contained in the 2002 report by providing information on (1) the methods agencies use to determine the portion of their annual appropriations related to combating terrorism, and (2) the status of recommendations from GAO's 2002 report."
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Competing Phases and Basic Mechanisms in Strongly-interacting Electron Systems
The goal of this work was to continue the effort to develop numerical tools in order to understand the properties of strongly-correlated electron materials. Towards this goal, they developed new stochastic series Monte Carlo techniques to study the phases of a two-dimensional quantum XY model with ring exchange in an external magnetic field. They determined the zero-temperature phase diagram of this model and found two quantum phase transitions. The first was between an XY-ordered phase and a striped valence-bond phase. The second was between the valence-bond phase and a staggered Neel antiferromagnetic phase. With the external field as an additional control parameter they were able to conclude that this system did not show a quantum spin liquid phase. They extended the study of the Xy model with ring exchange to study its behavior in the 3 dimensions. They find that in three dimensions, the superfluid phase persists to asymptotically large values of the ring exchange K. they do find exotic fractionalized phases in three dimensions. The role of the electron-phonon coupling in the cuprates remains open. They have studied the effect of an onsite Hubbard U Coulomb interaction on the electron-phonon vertex. They found that at strong coupling, Coulomb interaction …
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Scalapino, Douglas J. & Sugar, Robert L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Gifts and Travel: Legislative Proposals for the 109th Congress
The House and Senate examined their rules on the acceptance of gifts and travel expenses. Press accounts of alleged excesses in privately funded congressional travel and gifts, particularly from lobbyists, have provided an impetus for proposed changes in the 109th Congress. This report provides an analysis of the proposals for change introduced or discussed in the 109th Congress and will be updated as events warrant.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Amer, Mildred L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Crustal thinning between the Ethiopian and East African Plateaus from modeling Rayleigh wave dispersion
The East African and Ethiopian Plateaus have long been recognized to be part of a much larger topographic anomaly on the African Plate called the African Superswell. One of the few places within the African Superswell that exhibit elevations of less than 1 km is southeastern Sudan and northern Kenya, an area containing both Mesozoic and Cenozoic rift basins. Crustal structure and uppermost mantle velocities are investigated in this area by modeling Rayleigh wave dispersion. Modeling results indicate an average crustal thickness of 25 {+-} 5 km, some 10-15 km thinner than the crust beneath the adjacent East African and Ethiopian Plateaus. The low elevations can therefore be readily attributed to an isostatic response from crustal thinning. Low Sn velocities of 4.1-4.3 km/s also characterize this region.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Benoit, M H; Nyblade, A A & Pasyanos, M E
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dissipation of Magnetohydrodynamic Waves on Energetic Particles: Impact on Interstellar Turbulence and Cosmic Ray Transport
The physical processes involved in diffusion of Galactic cosmic rays in the interstellar medium are addressed. We study the possibility that the nonlinear MHD cascade sets the power-law spectrum of turbulence which scatters charged energetic particles. We find that the dissipation of waves due to the resonant interaction with cosmic ray particles may terminate the Kraichnan-type cascade below wavelengths 10{sup 13} cm. The effect of this wave dissipation has been incorporated in the GALPROP numerical propagation code in order to asses the impact on measurable astrophysical data. The energy-dependence of the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient found in the resulting self-consistent model may explain the peaks in the secondary to primary nuclei ratios observed at about 1 GeV/nucleon.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Ptuskin, Vladimir S.; Moskalenko, Igor V.; Jones, Frank C.; Strong, Andrew W. & Zirakashvili, Vladimir N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Downhole Vibration Monitoring & Control System Quarterly Progress Report: Number 13
The objective of this program is to develop a system to both monitor the vibration of a bottomhole assembly, and to adjust the properties of an active damper in response to these measured vibrations. Phase I of this program, which entailed modeling and design of the necessary subsystems and design, manufacture and test of a full laboratory prototype, was completed on May 31, 2004. The principal objectives of Phase II are: more extensive laboratory testing, including the evaluation of different feedback algorithms for control of the damper; design and manufacture of a field prototype system; and, testing of the field prototype in drilling laboratories and test wells. Work during this quarter centered on the testing of the rebuilt laboratory prototype and its conversion into a version that will be operable in the drilling tests at TerraTek Laboratories. In addition, formations for use in these tests were designed and constructed, and a test protocol was developed. The change in scope and no-cost extension of Phase II to January, 2006, described in our last report, were approved. The tests are scheduled to be run during the week of January 23, and should be completed before the end of the month.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Cobern, Martin E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Efficient computation of matched solutions of the KV envelope equations for periodic focusing lattices.
A new iterative method is developed to numerically calculate the periodic, matched beam envelope solution of the coupled Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (KV) equations describing the transverse evolution of a beam in a periodic, linear focusing lattice of arbitrary complexity. Implementation of the method is straightforward. It is highly convergent and can be applied to all usual parameterizations of the matched envelope solutions. The method is applicable to all classes of linear focusing lattices without skew couplings, and also applies to parameters where the matched beam envelope is strongly unstable. Example applications are presented for periodic solenoidal and quadrupole focusing lattices. Convergence properties are summarized over a wide range of system parameters.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Lund, S M; Chilton, S H & Lee, E P
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity Oxide Fuels
the purpose of this project was to investigate the feasibility of increasing the thermal conductivity of oxide fuels by adding small fractions of a high conductivity solid phase.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Solomon, Alvin; Revankar, Shripad & McCoy, J. Kevin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EU Enlargement: Economic Implications for the United States
This report discusses Economic Implications for the United States related to European Union(EU) enlargement.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude. January 2006
This report provides background information and analysis of the U.S.-EU economic relationship.
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation and Characterization of In-Line Annealed Continuous Cast Aluminum Sheet
This R&D program will develop optimized, energy-efficient thermo-mechanical processing procedures for in-line annealing of continuously cast hot bands of two 5000 series aluminum alloys (5754 and 5052). The implementation of the R&D will result in the production of sheet with improved formability at high levels of productivity consistency and quality. The proposed R&D involves the following efforts: (1) Design and build continuous in-line annealing equipment for plant-scale trials; (2) Carry out plant-scale trials at Commonwealth Aluminum Corp.'s (CAC) plant in Carson; (3) Optimize the processing variables utilizing a metallurgical model for the kinetics of microstructure and texture evolution during thermo-mechanical processing; (4) Determine the effects of processing variables on the microstructure, texture, mechanical properties, and formability of aluminum sheet; (5) Develop design parameters for commercial implementation; and (6) Conduct techno-economic studies of the recommended process equipment to identify impacts on production costs. The research and development is appropriate for the domestic industry as it will result in improved aluminum processing capabilities and thus lead to greater application of aluminum in various industries including the automotive market. A teaming approach is critical to the success of this effort as no single company alone possesses the breadth of technical and financial resources …
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Das, Dr Subodh K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Even Start: Funding Controversy
None
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
McCallion, Gail
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Exaggerated Health Benefits of Physical Fitness and Activity dueto Self-selection.
Background: The predicted health benefits of becomingphysically active or fit will be exaggerated if health outcomes causefitness and activity rather than the converse in prospective andcross-sectional epidemiological studies. Objective: Assess whether therelationships of adiposity to fitness and activity are explained byadiposity prior to exercising. Design: Cross-sectional study of physicalfitness (running speed during 10km foot race) and physical activity(weekly running distance) to current BMI (BMIcurrent) and BMI at thestart of running (BMIstarting) in 44,370 male and 25,252 femaleparticipants of the National Runners' Health Study. Results: BMIstartingexplained all of the association between fitness and BMIcurrent in bothsexes, but less than a third of the association between physical activityand BMIcurrent in men. In women, BMIstarting accounted for 58 percent ofthe association between BMIcurrent and activity levels. The 95thpercentile of BMIcurrent showed substantially greater declines withfitness and activity levels than the 5th percentile of BMIcurrent in men(i.e., the negative slope for 95th percentile was 2.6-fold greater thanthe 5th percentile for fitness and 3-fold greater for activity) and women(6-fold and 3.4-fold greater, respectively). At all percentiles, theregression slopes relating BMIstarting to fitness were comparable orgreater (more negative) than the slopes relating BMIcurrent to fitness,whereas the converse was true for activity. Conclusion: Self-selectionbias accounts for all …
Date:
January 17, 2006
Creator:
Williams, Paul T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library