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Ion Deflection for Final Optics In Laser Inertial Fusion Power Plants (open access)

Ion Deflection for Final Optics In Laser Inertial Fusion Power Plants

Left unprotected, both transmissive and reflective final optics in a laser inertial fusion power plant would quickly fail from melting, pulsed thermal stresses, or degradation of optical properties as a result of ion implantation. One potential option for mitigating this threat is to magnetically deflect the ions such that they are directed into a robust energy dump. In this paper we detail integrated studies that have been carried out to asses the viability of this approach for protecting final optics.
Date: November 17, 2006
Creator: Abbott, R P & Latkowski, J F
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Phase Change Enthalpies and Entropies of Liquid Crystals (open access)

Phase Change Enthalpies and Entropies of Liquid Crystals

Article on phase change enthalpies and entropies of liquid crystals.
Date: July 17, 2006
Creator: Acree, William E. (William Eugene) & Chickos, James S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges (open access)

U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges

None
Date: March 17, 2006
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Timpson & Tenaha News (Timpson, Tex.), Vol. 21, No. 33, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 17, 2006 (open access)

Timpson & Tenaha News (Timpson, Tex.), Vol. 21, No. 33, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 17, 2006

Weekly newspaper from Timpson, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 17, 2006
Creator: Alexander, Nancy
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Les Houches Physics at TeV Colliders 2005 Beyond the Standard Model Working Group: Summary Report (open access)

Les Houches Physics at TeV Colliders 2005 Beyond the Standard Model Working Group: Summary Report

The work contained herein constitutes a report of the ''Beyond the Standard Model'' working group for the Workshop ''Physics at TeV Colliders'', Les Houches, France, 2-20 May, 2005. We present reviews of current topics as well as original research carried out for the workshop. Supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric models are studied, as well as computational tools designed in order to facilitate their phenomenology.
Date: March 17, 2006
Creator: Allanach, B. C.; Grojean, C.; Skands, P.; Accomando, E.; Azuelos, G.; Baer, H. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Gifts and Travel: Legislative Proposals for the 109th Congress (open access)

Congressional Gifts and Travel: Legislative Proposals for the 109th Congress

The House and Senate examined their rules on the acceptance of gifts and travel expenses. Press accounts of alleged excesses in privately funded congressional travel and gifts, particularly from lobbyists, have provided an impetus for proposed changes in the 109th Congress. This report provides an analysis of the proposals for change introduced or discussed in the 109th Congress and will be updated as events warrant.
Date: January 17, 2006
Creator: Amer, Mildred L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zero Energy Windows (open access)

Zero Energy Windows

Windows in the U.S. consume 30 percent of building heating and cooling energy, representing an annual impact of 4.1 quadrillion BTU (quads) of primary energy. Windows have an even larger impact on peak energy demand and on occupant comfort. An additional 1 quad of lighting energy could be saved if buildings employed effective daylighting strategies. The ENERGY STAR{reg_sign} program has made standard windows significantly more efficient. However, even if all windows in the stock were replaced with today's efficient products, window energy consumption would still be approximately 2 quads. However, windows can be ''net energy gainers'' or ''zero-energy'' products. Highly insulating products in heating applications can admit more useful solar gain than the conductive energy lost through them. Dynamic glazings can modulate solar gains to minimize cooling energy needs and, in commercial buildings, allow daylighting to offset lighting requirements. The needed solutions vary with building type and climate. Developing this next generation of zero-energy windows will provide products for both existing buildings undergoing window replacements and products which are expected to be contributors to zero-energy buildings. This paper defines the requirements for zero-energy windows. The technical potentials in terms of national energy savings and the research and development (R&D) status …
Date: May 17, 2006
Creator: Arasteh, Dariush; Selkowitz, Steve; Apte, Josh & LaFrance, Marc
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Structural Investigations of Surfaces and Orientation-SpecificPhenomena in Nanocrystals and Their Assemblies (open access)

Structural Investigations of Surfaces and Orientation-SpecificPhenomena in Nanocrystals and Their Assemblies

Studies of colloidal nanocrystals and their assemblies are presented. Two of these studies concern the atomic-level structural characterization of the surfaces, interfaces, and interiors present in II-VI semiconductor nanorods. The third study investigates the crystallographic arrangement of cobalt nanocrystals in self-assembled aggregates. Crystallographically-aligned assemblies of colloidal CdSe nanorods are examined with linearly-polarized Se-EXAFS spectroscopy, which probes bonding along different directions in the nanorod. This orientation-specific probe is used, because it is expected that the presence of specific surfaces in a nanorod might cause bond relaxations specific to different crystallographic directions. Se-Se distances are found to be contracted along the long axis of the nanorod, while Cd-Se distances display no angular dependence, which is different from the bulk. Ab-initio density functional theory calculations upon CdSe nanowires indicate that relaxations on the rod surfaces cause these changes. ZnS/CdS-CdSe core-shell nanorods are studied with Se, Zn, Cd, and S X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). It is hypothesized that there are two major factors influencing the core and shell structures of the nanorods: the large surface area-to-volume ratio, and epitaxial strain. The presence of the surface may induce bond rearrangements or relaxations to minimize surface energy; epitaxial strain might cause the core and shell lattices …
Date: June 17, 2006
Creator: Aruguete, Deborah Michiko
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Branching Fraction Measurement of B0 to D(*)-pi+and B- to D(*)0pi+ and Isospin Analyses of B to D(*)pi Decays (open access)

Branching Fraction Measurement of B0 to D(*)-pi+and B- to D(*)0pi+ and Isospin Analyses of B to D(*)pi Decays

Using 65 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} storage ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, they measure the color-favored branching fractions {Beta}({bar B}{sup 0} {yields} D{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) = (2.63 {+-} 0.05 {+-} 0.22) x 10{sup -3}, {Beta}({bar B}{sup 0} {yields} D*{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) = (2.79 {+-} 0.08 {+-} 0.18) x 10{sup -3}, {Beta}(B{sup -} {yields} D{sup 0}{pi}{sup -}) = (4.90 {+-} 0.07 {+-} 0.23) x 10{sup -3} and {Beta}(B{sup -} {yields} D*{sup 0} {pi}{sup -}) = (5.52 {+-} 0.17 {+-} 0.43) x 10{sup -3}, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. With these results and the current world average for the branching fraction for the color-suppressed decay {bar B}{sup 0} {yields} D{sup (*)0}{pi}{sup 0}, the cosines of the strong phase difference {delta} between the I = 1/2 and I = 3/2 isospin amplitudes are determined to be cos{sigma} = 0.860{sub -0.006-0.028}{sup +0.007+0.029} for the {bar B} {yields} D{pi} process and cos{sigma} = 0.917{sub -0.016-0.051}{sup +0.018+0.059} for the {bar B} {yields} D*{pi} process. The results for cos{delta} suggest that final-state interactions are presented in the D{pi} system.
Date: October 17, 2006
Creator: Aubert, B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evidence for the Rare Decay B+ to Ds+ pi0 (open access)

Evidence for the Rare Decay B+ to Ds+ pi0

The authors have searched for the rare decay B{sup +} {yields} D{sub s}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0}. The analysis is based on a sample of 232 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} storage ring. They find 19.6 signal events, corresponding to a significance of 4.7 {sigma}. The extracted signal yield including statistical and systematic uncertainties is 20.1{sub -6.0-1.5}{sup +6.8+0.4}, and they measure {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} D{sub s}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0}) = (1.5{sub -0.4}{sup +0.5} {+-} 0.1 {+-} 0.2) x 10{sup -5}, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the last is due to the uncertainty on the D{sub s}{sup +} decay and its daughter decay branching fractions.
Date: November 17, 2006
Creator: Aubert, B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Observation of the Exclusive Reaction e^+e^-\ to \phi\eta at \sqrt{s}=10.58 GeV (open access)

Observation of the Exclusive Reaction e^+e^-\ to \phi\eta at \sqrt{s}=10.58 GeV

The authors report the observation of e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} {phi}{eta} near {radical}s = 10.58 GeV with 6.5 {sigma} significance in the K{sup +}K{sup -}{gamma}{gamma} final state in a data sample of 224 fb{sup -1} collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} storage rings. They measure the restricted radiation-corrected cross section to be {sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} {phi}{eta}) = 2.1 {+-} 0.4(stat) {+-} 0.1(syst) fb within the range |cos{theta}*| < 0.8, where {theta}* is the center-of-mass polar angle of the {phi} meson. The {phi} meson is required to be in the invariant mass range of 1.008 < m{sub {phi}} < 1.035 GeV/c{sup 2}. The radiation corrected cross section in the full cos {theta}* range is extrapolated to be 2.9 {+-} 0.5(stat) {+-} 0.1(syst) fb.
Date: November 17, 2006
Creator: Aubert, B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Structure at 2175 MeV in e+e- to \phif_0(980) Observed via Initial-State Radiation (open access)

A Structure at 2175 MeV in e+e- to \phif_0(980) Observed via Initial-State Radiation

We study the initial-state-radiation processes e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{gamma} and e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup -} {pi}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma} using an integrated luminosity of 232 fb{sup -1} collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) mass with the BABAR detector at SLAC. Even though these reactions are dominated by intermediate states with excited kaons, we are able to study for the first time the cross section for e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} {phi}(1020)f{sub 0}(980) as a function of center-of-mass energy. We observe a structure near threshold consistent with a 1{sup --} resonance with mass m=2.175 {+-} 0.010 {+-} 0.015 GeV/c{sup 2} and width {Lambda} = 58 {+-} 16 {+-} 20 MeV. We observe no Y (4260) signal and set a limit of {Beta}{sub Y{yields}{phi}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}} {center_dot} {Lambda}{sub ee}{sup Y} < 0.4 eV (90% confidence level), which excludes some models.
Date: October 17, 2006
Creator: Aubert, B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
More with Less (open access)

More with Less

None
Date: January 17, 2006
Creator: Austin, C. R.; Goldston, W. T. & Milner, T. N.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Oral History Interview with Donald Austin, September 17, 2006 transcript

Oral History Interview with Donald Austin, September 17, 2006

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Donald Austin. Austin joined the Navy and was commissioned as an ensign before being assigned to the USS Pope (DD-225 in the Philippines. He was there when the war started. Austin was aboard the Pope when she was attacked and sunk. He was rescued by a Japanese destroyer and made a prisoner of war. He was held on Java and then Makassar. He was around when Richard Antrim intervened during a beating of a POW (Antrim was awarded the Medal of Honor). He shares several other POW anecdotes about their treatment, their daily lives, etc. in the camps. He also shares the experience of being liberated.
Date: September 17, 2006
Creator: Austin, Donald
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Donald Austin, September 17, 2006 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Donald Austin, September 17, 2006

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Donald Austin. Austin joined the Navy and was commissioned as an ensign before being assigned to the USS Pope (DD-225 in the Philippines. He was there when the war started. Austin was aboard the Pope when she was attacked and sunk. He was rescued by a Japanese destroyer and made a prisoner of war. He was held on Java and then Makassar. He was around when Richard Antrim intervened during a beating of a POW (Antrim was awarded the Medal of Honor). He shares several other POW anecdotes about their treatment, their daily lives, etc. in the camps. He also shares the experience of being liberated.
Date: September 17, 2006
Creator: Austin, Donald
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Multi-object Feature Detection and Error Correction for NIF Automatic Optical Alignment (open access)

Multi-object Feature Detection and Error Correction for NIF Automatic Optical Alignment

Fiducials imprinted on laser beams are used to perform video image based alignment of the beams in the National Ignition Facility (NIF) of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In any laser beam alignment operation, a beam needs to be aligned to a reference location. Generally, the beam and reference fiducials are composed of separate beams, as a result only a single feature of each beam needs to be identified for determining the position of the beam or reference. However, it is possible to have the same beam image contain both the beam and reference fiducials. In such instances, it is essential to separately identify these features. In the absence of wavefront correction or when image quality is poor, the features of such beams may get distorted making it difficult to distinguish between different fiducials. Error checking and correction mechanism must be implemented to avoid misidentification of one type of feature as the other. This work presents the algorithm for multi-object detection and error correction implemented for such a beam line image in the NIF facility. Additionally, we show how when the original algorithm fails a secondary algorithm takes over and provides required location outputs.
Date: July 17, 2006
Creator: Awwal, A. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Living with genome instability: the adaptation of phytoplasmas todiverse environments of their insect and plant hosts (open access)

Living with genome instability: the adaptation of phytoplasmas todiverse environments of their insect and plant hosts

Phytoplasmas (Candidatus Phytoplasma, Class Mollicutes) cause disease in hundreds of economically important plants, and are obligately transmitted by sap-feeding insects of the order Hemiptera, mainly leafhoppers and psyllids. The 706,569-bp chromosome and four plasmids of aster yellows phytoplasma strain witches broom (AY-WB) were sequenced and compared to the onion yellows phytoplasma strain M (OY-M) genome. The phytoplasmas have small repeat-rich genomes. The repeated DNAs are organized into large clusters, potential mobile units (PMUs), which contain tra5 insertion sequences (ISs), and specialized sigma factors and membrane proteins. So far, PMUs are unique to phytoplasmas. Compared to mycoplasmas, phytoplasmas lack several recombination and DNA modification functions, and therefore phytoplasmas probably use different mechanisms of recombination, likely involving PMUs, for the creation of variability, allowing phytoplasmas to adjust to the diverse environments of plants and insects. The irregular GC skews and presence of ISs and large repeated sequences in the AY-WB and OY-M genomes are indicative of high genomic plasticity. Nevertheless, segments of {approx}250 kb, located between genes lplA and glnQ are syntenic between the two phytoplasmas, contain the majority of the metabolic genes and no ISs. AY-WB is further along in the reductive evolution process than OY-M. The AY-WB genome is {approx}154 …
Date: February 17, 2006
Creator: Bai, Xiaodong; Zhang, Jianhua; Ewing, Adam; Miller, Sally A.; Radek, Agnes; Shevchenko, Dimitriy et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The BBP Algorithm for Pi (open access)

The BBP Algorithm for Pi

The 'Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe' (BBP) algorithm for {pi} is based on the BBP formula for {pi}, which was discovered in 1995 and published in 1996 [3]: {pi} = {summation}{sub k=0}{sup {infinity}} 1/16{sup k} (4/8k+1 - 2/8k+4 - 1/8k+5 - 1/8k+6). This formula as it stands permits {pi} to be computed fairly rapidly to any given precision (although it is not as efficient for that purpose as some other formulas that are now known [4, pg. 108-112]). But its remarkable property is that it permits one to calculate (after a fairly simple manipulation) hexadecimal or binary digits of {pi} beginning at an arbitrary starting position. For example, ten hexadecimal digits {pi} beginning at position one million can be computed in only five seconds on a 2006-era personal computer. The formula itself was found by a computer program, and almost certainly constitutes the first instance of a computer program finding a significant new formula for {pi}. It turns out that the existence of this formula has implications for the long-standing unsolved question of whether {pi} is normal to commonly used number bases (a real number x is said to be b-normal if every m-long string of digits in the base-b expansion appears, in the …
Date: September 17, 2006
Creator: Bailey, David H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Solid Waste Processing Center Primary Opening Cells Systems, Equipment and Tools (open access)

Solid Waste Processing Center Primary Opening Cells Systems, Equipment and Tools

This document addresses the remote systems and design integration aspects of the development of the Solid Waste Processing Center (SWPC), a facility to remotely open, sort, size reduce, and repackage mixed low-level waste (MLLW) and transuranic (TRU)/TRU mixed waste that is either contact-handled (CH) waste in large containers or remote-handled (RH) waste in various-sized packages.
Date: April 17, 2006
Creator: Bailey, Sharon A.; Baker, Carl P.; Mullen, O Dennis & Valdez, Patrick LJ
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Combined Climate and Carbon-Cycle Effects of Large-Scale Deforestation (open access)

Combined Climate and Carbon-Cycle Effects of Large-Scale Deforestation

The prevention of deforestation and promotion of afforestation have often been cited as strategies to slow global warming. Deforestation releases CO{sub 2} to the atmosphere, which exerts a warming influence on Earth's climate. However, biophysical effects of deforestation, which include changes in land surface albedo, evapotranspiration, and cloud cover also affect climate. Here we present results from several large-scale deforestation experiments performed with a three-dimensional coupled global carbon-cycle and climate model. These are the first such simulations performed using a fully three-dimensional model representing physical and biogeochemical interactions among land, atmosphere, and ocean. We find that global-scale deforestation has a net cooling influence on Earth's climate, since the warming carbon-cycle effects of deforestation are overwhelmed by the net cooling associated with changes in albedo and evapotranspiration. Latitude-specific deforestation experiments indicate that afforestation projects in the tropics would be clearly beneficial in mitigating global-scale warming, but would be counterproductive if implemented at high latitudes and would offer only marginal benefits in temperate regions. While these results question the efficacy of mid- and high-latitude afforestation projects for climate mitigation, forests remain environmentally valuable resources for many reasons unrelated to climate.
Date: October 17, 2006
Creator: Bala, G.; Caldeira, K.; Wickett, M.; Phillips, T. J.; Lobell, D. B.; Delire, C. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Laser-Plasma Interactions in High-Energy-Density Plasmas (open access)

Laser-Plasma Interactions in High-Energy-Density Plasmas

High temperature hohlraums (HTH) are designed to reach high radiation temperatures by coupling a maximum amount of laser energy into a small target in a short time. These 400-800 {micro}m diameter gold cylinders rapidly fill with hot plasma during irradiation with multiple beams in 1ns laser pulses. The high-Z plasmas are dense, (electron density, n{sub e}/n{sub c} {approx} 0.1-0.4), hot (electron temperature, T{sub e} {approx} 10keV) and are bathed in a high-temperature radiation field (radiation temperature, T{sub rad} {approx} 300eV). Here n{sub c}, the critical density, equals 9 x 10{sup 21}/cm{sup 3}. The laser beams heating this plasma are intense ({approx} 10{sup 15} - 10{sup 17} W/cm{sup 2}). The coupling of the laser to the plasma is a rich regime for Laser-Plasma Interaction (LPI) physics. The LPI mechanisms in this study include beam deflection and forward scattering. In order to understand the LPI mechanisms, the plasma parameters must be known. An L-band spectrometer is used to measure the and electron temperature. A ride-along experiment is to develop the x-radiation emitted by the thin back wall of the half-hohlraum into a thermal radiation source.
Date: October 17, 2006
Creator: Baldis, H
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wakefields in the LCLS Undulator Transitions (open access)

Wakefields in the LCLS Undulator Transitions

For a short bunch in an elliptical collimator we demonstrate that, as in a purely round collimator, the wake can be estimated from the primary fields of the beam alone. We obtain the wakes in the LCLS rectangular-to-round, undulator transitions using a hybrid method that includes indirect numerical (field) integration and an analytical potential energy term. For the LCLS 1 nC bunch charge configuration, we find the wake-induced energy change in the transitions to be small compared to that due to the resistance of the beam pipe walls.
Date: July 17, 2006
Creator: Bane, K. L. F. & Zagorodov, I.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Post-Closure RCRA Groundwater Monitoring Plan for the 216-S-10 Pond and Ditch (open access)

Post-Closure RCRA Groundwater Monitoring Plan for the 216-S-10 Pond and Ditch

The purpose of this plan is to provide a post-closure groundwater monitoring program for the 216-S-10 Pond and Ditch (S-10) treatment, storage, and/or disposal (TSD) unit. The plan incorporates the sum of knowledge about the potential for groundwater contamination to originate from the S-10, including groundwater monitoring results, hydrogeology, and operational history. The S-10 has not received liquid waste since October 1991. The closure of S-10 has been coordinated with the 200-CS-1 source operable unit in accordance with the Tri-Party Agreement interim milestones M-20-39 and M-15-39C. The S-10 is closely situated among other waste sites of very similar operational histories. The proximity of the S-10 to the other facilities (216-S-17 pond, 216-S-11 Pond, 216-S-5,6 cribs, 216-S-16 ditch and pond, and 216-U-9 ditch) indicate that at least some observed groundwater contamination beneath and downgradient of S-10 could have originated from waste sites other than S-10. Hence, it may not be feasible to strictly discriminate between the contributions of each waste site to groundwater contamination beneath the S-10. A post-closure groundwater monitoring network is proposed that will include the drilling of three new wells to replace wells that have gone dry. When completed, the revised network will meet the intent for groundwater …
Date: March 17, 2006
Creator: Barnett, D BRENT.; Williams, Bruce A.; Chou, Charissa J. & Hartman, Mary J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Government Access to Phone Calling Activity and Related Records: Legal Authorities (open access)

Government Access to Phone Calling Activity and Related Records: Legal Authorities

This report summarizes statutory authorities regarding access by the Government, for either foreign intelligence or law enforcement purposes, to information related to telephone calling patterns or practices.
Date: May 17, 2006
Creator: Bazan, Elizabeth B.; Stevens, Gina Marie & Yeh, Brian T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library