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Prediction of Corrosion of Alloys in Mixed-Solvent Environments
Corrosion is much less predictable in organic or mixed-solvent environments than in aqueous process environments. As a result, US chemical companies face greater uncertainty when selecting process equipment materials to manufacture chemical products using organic or mixed solvents than when the process environments are only aqueous. Chemical companies handle this uncertainty by overdesigning the equipment (wasting money and energy), rather than by accepting increased risks of corrosion failure (personnel hazards and environmental releases). Therefore, it is important to develop simulation tools that would help the chemical process industries to understand and predict corrosion and to develop mitigation measures. To create such tools, we have developed models that predict (1) the chemical composition, speciation, phase equilibria, component activities and transport properties of the bulk (aqueous, nonaqueous or mixed) phase that is in contact with the metal; (2) the phase equilibria and component activities of the alloy phase(s) that may be subject to corrosion and (3) the interfacial phenomena that are responsible for corrosion at the metal/solution or passive film/solution interface. During the course of this project, we have completed the following: (1) Development of thermodynamic modules for calculating the activities of alloy components; (2) Development of software that generates stability diagrams …
Date:
June 5, 2003
Creator:
A. Anderko, P. Wang, R. D. Young, D. P. Riemer, P. McKenzie and M. M. Lencka (OLI Systems Inc.) & Laboratory), S. S. Babu and P. Angelini (Oak Ridge National
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Parallel Ion Energy Spread Due to Interaction With an Electron Bunch in the RHIC Electron Beam Cooling Solenoid
N/A
Date:
June 1, 2003
Creator:
A., Hershcovitch
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Report Enhanced Geothermal Systems Technology Phase Ii Animas Valley, New Mexico
Final Technical Report covering siting, permitting, and drilling two geothermal temperature gradient holes. This report provides a summary of geotechnical and geophysical data that led to the siting, drilling, and completion of 2 temperature gradient holes in the geothermal anomaly at Lightning Dock Known Geothermal Resource Area in the Animas Valley of New Mexico. Included in this report is a summary of institutional factors and data defining the well drilling process and acquiring drilling permits. Data covering the results of the drilling and temperature logging of these two holes are provided. The two gradient holes were sited on federal geothermal leases owned by Lightning Dock Geothermal, Inc. and both holes were drilled into lakebed sediments some distance from the intense shallow geothermal anomaly located in the eastern half of Section 7, Township 25 South, Range 19 West.
Date:
December 29, 2003
Creator:
A.Cunniff, Roy & Bowers, Roger L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Integrated Microsensors for Autonomous Microrobots
This report describes the development of a miniature mobile microrobot device and several microsystems needed to create a miniature microsensor delivery platform. This work was funded under LDRD No.10785, entitled, ''Integrated Microsensors for Autonomous Microrobots''. The approach adopted in this project was to develop a mobile platform, to which would be attached wireless RF remote control and data acquisition in addition to various microsensors. A modular approach was used to produce a versatile microrobot platform and reduce power consumption and physical size.
Date:
February 1, 2003
Creator:
ADKINS, DOUGLAS R.; BYRNE, RAYMOND H.; HELLER, EDWIN J. & WOLF, JIMMIE V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ENGINEERING OF THE AGS SNAKE COIL ASSEMBLY.
A 30% Snake superconducting magnet is proposed to maintain polarization in the AGS proton beam, the magnetic design of which is described elsewhere. The required helical coils for this magnet push the limits of the technology developed for the RHIC Snake coils. First, fields must be provided with differing pitch along the length of the magnet. To accomplish this, a new 3-D CAD system (''Pro/Engineer'' from PTC), which uses parametric techniques to enable fast iterations, has been employed. Revised magnetic field calculations are then based on the output of the mechanical model. Changes are made in turn to the model on the basis of those field calculations. To ensure that accuracy is maintained, the final solid model is imported directly into the CNC machine programming software, rather than by the use of graphics translating software. Next, due to the large coil size and magnetic field, there was concern whether the structure could contain the coil forces. A finite element analysis was performed, using the 3-D model, to ensure that the stresses and deflections were acceptable. Finally, a method was developed using ultrasonic energy to improve conductor placement during coil winding, in an effort to minimize electrical shorts due to conductor …
Date:
May 12, 2003
Creator:
ANERELLA,M. GUPTA,R. KOVACH,P. MARONE,A. PLATE,S. POWER,K. SCHMALZLE,J. WILLEN,E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
HANFORD TANK FARM CONTRACTOR SELF ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
None
Date:
November 19, 2003
Creator:
AROMI, E.S. & ANDERSON, C.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Blade Manufacturing Improvement: Remote Blade Manufacturing Demonstration
The objective of this program was to investigate manufacturing improvements for wind turbine blades. The program included a series of test activities to evaluate the strength, deflection, performance, and loading characteristics of the prototype blades. The original contract was extended in order to continue development of several key blade technologies identified in the project. The objective of the remote build task was to demonstrate the concept of manufacturing wind turbine blades at a temporary manufacturing facility in a rural environment. TPI Composites successfully completed a remote manufacturing demonstration in which four blades were fabricated. The remote demonstration used a manufacturing approach which relied upon material ''kits'' that were organized in the factory and shipped to the site. Manufacturing blades at the wind plant site presents serious logistics difficulties and does not appear to be the best approach. A better method appears to be regional manufacturing facilities, which will eliminate most of the transportation cost, without incurring the logistical problems associated with fabrication directly onsite. With this approach the remote facilities would use commonly available industrial infrastructure such as enclosed workbays, overhead cranes, and paved staging areas. Additional fatigue testing of the M20 root stud design was completed with good results. …
Date:
May 1, 2003
Creator:
ASHWILL, THOMAS D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cost Study for Large Wind Turbine Blades
The cost study for large wind turbine blades reviewed three blades of 30 meters, 50 meters, and 70 meters in length. Blade extreme wind design loads were estimated in accordance with IEC Class I recommendations. Structural analyses of three blade sizes were performed at representative spanwise stations assuming a stressed shell design approach and E-glass/vinylester laminate. A bill of materials was prepared for each of the three blade sizes using the laminate requirements prepared during the structural analysis effort. The labor requirements were prepared for twelve major manufacturing tasks. TPI Composites developed a conceptual design of the manufacturing facility for each of the three blade sizes, which was used for determining the cost of labor and overhead (capital equipment and facilities). Each of the three potential manufacturing facilities was sized to provide a constant annual rated power production (MW per year) of the blades it produced. The cost of the production tooling and overland transportation was also estimated. The results indicate that as blades get larger, materials become a greater proportion of total cost, while the percentage of labor cost is decreased. Transportation costs decreased as a percentage of total cost. The study also suggests that blade cost reduction efforts …
Date:
May 1, 2003
Creator:
ASHWILL, THOMAS D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Innovative Design Approaches for Large Wind Turbine Blades
The primary goal of the WindPACT Blade System Design Study (BSDS) was investigation and evaluation of design and manufacturing issues for wind turbine blades in the one to ten megawatt size range. The initial project task was to assess the fundamental physical and manufacturing issues that govern and constrain large blades and entails three basic elements: (1) a parametric scaling study to assess blade structure using current technology, (2) an economic study of the cost to manufacture, transport, and install large blades, and (3) identification of promising innovative design approaches that show potential for overcoming fundamental physical and manufacturing constraints. This report discusses several innovative design approaches and their potential for blade cost reduction. During this effort we reviewed methods for optimizing the blade cross-section to improve structural and manufacturing characteristics. We also analyzed and compared a number of composite materials and evaluated their relative merits for use in large wind turbine blades in the range from 30 meters to 70 meters. The results have been summarized in dimensional and non-dimensional format to aid in interpretation. These results build upon earlier parametric and blade cost studies, which were used as a guide for the innovative design approaches explored here.
Date:
March 1, 2003
Creator:
ASHWILL, THOMAS D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DETERMINING THE RATIO OF THE H+ YIELDS TV TO H+ YIELDS TB DECAY RATES FOR LARGE TAN BETA AT THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER.
We present results on the determination of the observable ratio R = BR(H{sup +} {yields} {tau}{sup +}{nu}{sup -})/BR(H{sup +} {yields} t{bar b}) of charged Higgs boson decay rates as a discriminant quantity between Supersymmetric and non-Supersymmetric models. Simulation of measurements of this quantity through the analysis of the charged Higgs production process gb {yields} tbH{sup +} and relative backgrounds in the two above decay channels has been performed in the context of ATLAS. A {approx} 12-14% accuracy on R can be achieved for tan {beta} = 50, m{sub H{sup {+-}}} = 300-500 GeV and after an integrated luminosity of 300 fb{sup -1}. With this precision measurement, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can easily discriminate between models for the two above scenarios, so long as tan {beta} > 20.
Date:
May 27, 2003
Creator:
ASSAMAGAN,K. A. GUASCH,J. MORETTI,S. PENARANDA,S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Charged Higgs bosons in the transition region M{sub H{sup {+-}}} {approx} m{sub t} at the LHC
We illustrate preliminary results obtained through Monte Carlo (HERWIG) and detector (ATLFAST) simulations of the H{sup {+-}} {yields} {tau}{sup {+-}}{nu}{sub {tau}} signature of charged Higgs bosons with masses comparable to that of the top quark.
Date:
May 25, 2003
Creator:
ASSAMAGAN,K. A. GUCHAIT,M. MORETTI,S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Volatile organic compounds in indoor air: A review ofconcentrations measured in North America since 1990
Central tendency and upper limit concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in indoor air are summarized and reviewed. Data were obtained from published cross-sectional studies of residential and office buildings conducted in North America from 1990through the present. VOC concentrations in existing residences reported in 12 studies comprise the majority of the data set. Central tendency and maximum concentrations are compared between new and existing residences and between existing residences and office buildings. Historical changes in indoor VOC concentrations since the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 are explored by comparing the current data set with two published reviews of previous data obtained primarily in the 1980s. These historical comparisons suggest average indoor concentrations of some toxic air contaminants, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane have decreased.
Date:
April 1, 2003
Creator:
ATHodgson@lbl.gov
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laser Hazard Analysis for Ultra-Fast Sub-Nanosecond, Mode-Locked Near Infrared Lasers Operated with Pulse Repetition Frequencies Above the Critical Frequency
Ultra fast, sub-nanosecond (picosecond to femtosecond) duration, laser pulses present unique challenges when performing laser safety analysis involving mode-locked lasers, which operate at pulse repetition frequencies above the critical frequency in the near infrared wavelength bands. Two specific cases are presented, one such case that agrees and one that disagrees with the general rule on critical frequency. The results show that in all cases the appropriate maximum permissible exposure is always the smallest of the values calculated from ANSI rule 1, 2 and 3.
Date:
April 1, 2003
Creator:
AUGUSTONI, ARNOLD L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laser Safety and Hazard Analysis for the Trailer (B70) Based AURA Laser System
A laser safety and hazard analysis was performed for the AURA laser system based on the 2000 version of the American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) Standard Z136.1, for ''Safe Use of Lasers'' and the 2000 version of the ANSI Standard Z136.6, for ''Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors''. The trailer based AURA laser system is a mobile platform, which is used to perform laser interaction experiments and tests at various national test sites. The trailer (B70) based AURA laser system is generally operated on the United State Air Force Starfire Optical Range (SOR) at Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB), New Mexico. The laser is used to perform laser interaction testing inside the laser trailer as well as outside the trailer at target sites located at various distances from the exit telescope. In order to protect personnel, who work inside the Nominal Hazard Zone (NHZ), from hazardous laser emission exposures it was necessary to determine the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) for each laser wavelength (wavelength bands) and calculate the appropriate minimum Optical Density (OD{sub min}) of the laser safety eyewear used by authorized personnel and the Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD) to protect unauthorized personnel who may have violated the boundaries of …
Date:
January 1, 2003
Creator:
AUGUSTONI, ARNOLD L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laser Safety and Hazardous Analysis for the ARES (Big Sky) Laser System
A laser safety and hazard analysis was performed for the ARES laser system based on the 2000 version of the American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) Standard Z136.1,for Safe Use of Lasers and the 2000 version of the ANSI Standard Z136.6, for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors. The ARES laser system is a Van/Truck based mobile platform, which is used to perform laser interaction experiments and tests at various national test sites.
Date:
January 1, 2003
Creator:
AUGUSTONI, ARNOLD L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laser Safety Audit and Inventory System Database
A laser safety auditing and inventory system has been in use at Sandia National Laboratories--Albuquerque for the past five years and has recently been considered for adoption by Sandia National Laboratories--Livermore. The system utilizes the ''Microsoft Access'' database application, part of the Office 2000 software package. Audit and inventory data is available on-line for ready access by laser users. Data is updated weekly to provide users with current information relating to laser facility audits and laser inventories.
Date:
May 1, 2003
Creator:
AUGUSTONI, ARNOLD L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Domestic Energy Scenarios
This report attempts to organize and evaluate scenarios of markets and technologies that could impact renewable and distributed electricity-generating technologies during the next 20-100 years in the United States. For the purposes of this report, scenarios are defined broadly as any projection or forecast that helps illuminate the potential of Renewable Electric Technologies (RETs) in the United States. Scenarios vary widely in terms of their scope-some focus on supply of fuels or narrow segments of markets with limited timeframes, while others are broader in scope and time span. There are several factors that influence the market penetration of renewable energy and distributed generation technologies. Most notable among these are natural gas prices, technology improvements, and policy measures. Natural gas prices are important because most new generating capacity, as well as marginal generation units, generally are natural-gas fired. Assumptions about the rate of improvement in renewable and distributed generation technologies can also have a significant impact on market penetration. Finally, policy measures that support these technologies, such as tax credits or interconnection standards, can contribute to their accelerated adoption.
Date:
January 1, 2003
Creator:
Aabakken, J. & Short, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heavy-Duty Emissions Control: Plasma-Facilitated vs Reformer-Assisted Lean NOx Catalysis
Progress has been made in the control of combustion processes to limit the formation of environmentally harmful species, but lean burn vehicles, such as those powered by diesel engines used for the majority of commercial trucking and off-road applications, remain a major source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Tighter control of the combustion process coupled with exhaust gas recirculation has brought emissions in line with 2004 targets worldwide. Additional modifications to the engine control system, somewhat limited NOx control, and PM filters will likely allow the 2007 limits to be met for the on-highway regulations for heavy-duty engines in the United States. Concern arises when the NOx emission limit of 0.2 g/bhphr set for the year 2010 is considered.
Date:
August 24, 2003
Creator:
Aardahl, C. L.; Rozmiarek, R. T.; Rappe, K. G.; Mendoza, D. P. & Park, P. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Sampling FY03 Annual Report - Understanding the Movement of Mercury on the INEEL
Environmental mercury measurements were started in Fy-01 at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEEL) to monitor downwind impacts from on-going waste treatment operations at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) and to improve our scientific understanding of mercury fate and transport in this region. This document provides a summary of the sampling done in FY04. Continuous total gaseous mercury (TGM) measurements were made using a Tekran Model 2537A mercury vapor analyzer during October 2002 and from February through July 2003. The equipment was deployed in a self-contained field trailer at the Experimental Field Station (EFS) four kilometers downwind (northeast) of INTEC. Mercury surface-to-air flux measurements were made in October 2002 and from February through May 2003 to better understand the fate of the estimated 1500 kg of mercury emitted from 36 years of calciner operations at INTEC and to improve our scientific understanding of mercury environmental cycling in this region. Flux was measured using an INEEL-designed dynamic flux chamber system with a Tekran automated dual sampling (TADS) unit. Diel flux was positively correlated with solar radiation (r = 0.65), air temperature (r = 0.64), and wind speed (r = 0.38), and a general linear model for flux prediction …
Date:
October 1, 2003
Creator:
Abbott, Michael L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiological Dose Calculations for Fusion Facilities
This report summarizes the results and rationale for radiological dose calculations for the maximally exposed individual during fusion accident conditions. Early doses per unit activity (Sieverts per TeraBecquerel) are given for 535 magnetic fusion isotopes of interest for several release scenarios. These data can be used for accident assessment calculations to determine if the accident consequences exceed Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Department of Energy evaluation guides. A generalized yearly dose estimate for routine releases, based on 1 Terabecquerel unit releases per radionuclide, has also been performed using averaged site parameters and assumed populations. These routine release data are useful for assessing designs against US Environmental Protection Agency yearly release limits.
Date:
April 1, 2003
Creator:
Abbott, Michael L.; Cadwallader, Lee C. & Petti, David A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Fusion Chamber for the 2002 Robust Point Design
A top-level overview of the mechanical design for the 2002 Robust Point Design (RPD-2002) fusion chamber is introduced. It is based on the HYLIFE-II design and includes modifications to the liquid pocket configuration and first structural wall (FSW), facilitates periodic maintenance or replacement of internal components, and is compliant with all other RPD-2002 parameters. This work has been carried out by constructing a parametric computer model capable of being updated as future changes become necessary.
Date:
October 1, 2003
Creator:
Abbott, R P
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interated Intelligent Industrial Process Sensing and Control: Applied to and Demonstrated on Cupola Furnaces
The final goal of this project was the development of a system that is capable of controlling an industrial process effectively through the integration of information obtained through intelligent sensor fusion and intelligent control technologies. The industry of interest in this project was the metal casting industry as represented by cupola iron-melting furnaces. However, the developed technology is of generic type and hence applicable to several other industries. The system was divided into the following four major interacting components: 1. An object oriented generic architecture to integrate the developed software and hardware components @. Generic algorithms for intelligent signal analysis and sensor and model fusion 3. Development of supervisory structure for integration of intelligent sensor fusion data into the controller 4. Hardware implementation of intelligent signal analysis and fusion algorithms
Date:
February 12, 2003
Creator:
Abdelrahman, Mohamed; Haggard, roger; Mahmoud, Wagdy; Moore, Kevin; Clark, Denis; Larsen, Eric et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simulation Data as Data Streams
Computational or scientific simulations are increasingly being applied to solve a variety of scientific problems. Domains such as astrophysics, engineering, chemistry, biology, and environmental studies are benefiting from this important capability. Simulations, however, produce enormous amounts of data that need to be analyzed and understood. In this overview paper, we describe scientific simulation data, its characteristics, and the way scientists generate and use the data. We then compare and contrast simulation data to data streams. Finally, we describe our approach to analyzing simulation data, present the AQSim (Ad-hoc Queries for Simulation data) system, and discuss some of the challenges that result from handling this kind of data.
Date:
November 19, 2003
Creator:
Abdulla, G.; Arrighi, W. & Critchlow, T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electric Utility Policy: Comparison of House-Passed H.R. 6 and S.Amdt. 1412, 108th Congress
None
Date:
August 26, 2003
Creator:
Abel, Amy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library