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Analytic ICF Hohlraum Energetics
We apply recent analytic solutions to the radiation diffusion equation to problems of interest for ICF hohlraums. The solutions provide quantitative values for absorbed energy which are of use for generating a desired radiation temperature vs. time within the hohlraum. Comparison of supersonic and subsonic solutions (heat front velocity faster or slower, respectively, than the speed of sound in the x-ray heated material) suggests that there may be some advantage in using high Z metallic foams as hohlraum wall material to reduce hydrodynamic losses, and hence, net absorbed energy by the walls. Analytic and numerical calculations suggest that the loss per unit area might be reduced {approx} 20% through use of foam hohlraum walls. Reduced hydrodynamic motion of the wall material may also reduce symmetry swings, as found for heavy ion targets.
Date:
August 27, 2003
Creator:
Rosen, M D & Hammer, J
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Entangled States, Holography and Quantum Surfaces
Starting with an elementary discussion of quantum holography, we show that entangled quantum states of qubits provide a ''local'' representation of the global geometry and topology of quantum Riemann surfaces. This representation may play an important role in both mathematics and physics. Indeed, the simplest way to represent the fundamental objects in a ''theory of everything'' may be as muti-qubit entangled states.
Date:
August 13, 2003
Creator:
Chapline, G F
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Positronium in Solids: Computer Simulation of Pick-Off and Self-Annihilation
Positronium (Ps) is simulated using Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC). This method can reproduce the results of previous simple theories in which a single quantum particle is used to represent Ps within an idealized pore. In addition, the calculations treat the e{sup -} and e{sup +} of Ps exactly and realistically model interactions with solid atoms, thereby correcting and extending the simpler theory. They study the pick-off lifetime of o-Ps and the internal contact density, {kappa}, which controls the self-annihilation behavior, for Ps in model voids (spherical pores), defects in a solid (argon), and microporous solids (zeolites).
Date:
August 1, 2003
Creator:
Bug, A.; Muluneh, M.; Waldman, J. & Sterne, P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Addressing Problems with Scene-Based Wave Front Sensing
Scene-Based Wave Front Sensing uses the correlation between successive subimages to determine phase aberrations which blur digital images. Adaptive Optics technology uses deformable mirrors to correct for these phase aberrations and make the images clearer. The correlation between temporal subimages gives tip-tilt information. If these images do not have identical image content, tip-tilt estimations may be incorrect. Motion detection is necessary to help avoid errors initiated by dynamic subimage content. In this document, I will discuss why edge detection fails as a motion detection method on low resolution images and how thresholding the normalized variance of individual pixels is successful for motion detection.
Date:
August 5, 2003
Creator:
Chan, C
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gas Generation from K East Basin Sludges and Irradiated Metallic Uranium Fuel Particles Series III Testing
The path forward for managing of Hanford K Basin sludge calls for it to be packaged, shipped, and stored at T Plant until final processing at a future date. An important consideration for the design and cost of retrieval, transportation, and storage systems is the potential for heat and gas generation through oxidation reactions between uranium metal and water. This report, the third in a series (Series III), describes work performed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to assess corrosion and gas generation from irradiated metallic uranium particles (fuel particles) with and without K Basin sludge addition. The testing described in this report consisted of 12 tests. In 10 of the tests, 4.3 to 26.4 g of fuel particles of selected size distribution were placed into 60- or 800-ml reaction vessels with 0 to 100 g settled sludge. In another test, a single 3.72-g fuel fragment (i.e., 7150-mm particle) was placed in a 60 ml reaction vessel with no added sludge. The twelfth test contained only sludge. The fuel particles were prepared by crushing archived coupons (samples) from an irradiated metallic uranium fuel element. After loading the sludge materials (whether fuel particles, mixtures of fuel particles and sludge, or …
Date:
August 1, 2003
Creator:
Schmidt, Andrew J.; Delegard, Calvin H.; Bryan, Samuel A.; Elmore, Monte R.; Sell, Rachel L.; Silvers, Kurt L. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RadSensor: Xray Detection by Direct Modulation of an Optical Probe Beam
We present a new x-ray detection technique based on optical measurement of the effects of x-ray absorption and electron hole pair creation in a direct band-gap semiconductor. The electron-hole pairs create a frequency dependent shift in optical refractive index and absorption. This is sensed by simultaneously directing an optical carrier beam through the same volume of semiconducting medium that has experienced an xray induced modulation in the electron-hole population. If the operating wavelength of the optical carrier beam is chosen to be close to the semiconductor band-edge, the optical carrier will be modulated significantly in phase and amplitude. This approach should be simultaneously capable of very high sensitivity and excellent temporal response, even in the difficult high-energy xray regime. At xray photon energies near 10 keV and higher, we believe that sub-picosecond temporal responses are possible with near single xray photon sensitivity. The approach also allows for the convenient and EMI robust transport of high-bandwidth information via fiber optics. Furthermore, the technology can be scaled to imaging applications. The basic physics of the detector, implementation considerations, and preliminary experimental data are presented and discussed.
Date:
August 1, 2003
Creator:
Lowry, M. E.; Bennett, C. V.; Vernon, S. P.; Bond, T.; Welty, R.; Behymer, E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
$9.5 Million in Savings Identified Through Inland Assessment: Plant-Wide Assessment Summary--Forest Products (Fact Sheet)
Summary of Inland Box Corporation's plant-wide assessment to identify energy and cost saving opportunities at the corporation's linerboard mill in Rome, Georgia.
Date:
August 1, 2003
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Report on LCI Database Project Meeting of Interests; Period of Performance: May 7, 2001--December 1, 2001
This is a report of the Meeting of Interests for the Life-cycle Inventory (LCI) Database Project hosted by the Ford Motor Company. The meeting was held to explain the project, discuss related issues and concerns, and to seek the support of a broad spectrum of relevant organizations. The ultimate goal of the project is to develop publicly available LCI Data modules for commonly used materials, products, and processes.
Date:
August 1, 2003
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alternative Fuel News, Vol. 7, No. 2
Quarterly magazine with articles on Supplemental Environmental Projects, AFVs for 2004, and a European clean transportation initiative called CIVITAS. Also an interview with Boone Pickens about natural gas fueling for vehicles.
Date:
August 1, 2003
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Re-Assessing the Maximum Allowed Infrared (IR) Power for Enchanced Layering in a Conduction Dominated Cryogenic NIF-Scale Hohlraum
Recent measurements of the infrared (IR) absorption coefficient of CH and CD capsules differ significantly from earlier estimated values from thin flat samples. The optimum wavelength for IR enhanced layering of DT and D{sub 2} ice layers inside of a NIF scale hohlraum depends on the relative ice and capsule absorption coefficients. This update of a previous memo shows the maximum ice heating with IR as a function of ice and capsule absorption instead of at discrete wavelengths. Also discussed is the leverage of other parameters, such as the IR absorption of the hohlraum wall and thermal conductivities of the support rods and exchange gas. The most likely capsule and ice absorption values limit the IR heating to between 2-7 Q{sub DT}. We find most leverage of the IR heating comes from increasing the ice to capsule absorption ratio. As before, this is the conduction only limit to IR, with convection potentially playing a large role.
Date:
August 11, 2003
Creator:
Kozioziemski, B J
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Middle East and North Africa: Political Succession and Regime Stability
This report discusses the political future of various countries in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region. A change in the leadership in these countries could significantly affect their policies toward the United States and their willingness to cooperate with the United States in achieving the stability needed to advance U.S. interests in this important region.
Date:
August 29, 2003
Creator:
Thayer, Amy E. & Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hohlraum-Driven Ignition-Like Double-Shell Implosion Experiments on Omega: Analysis and Interpretation
An experimental campaign to study hohlraum-driven ignition-like double-shell target performance using the Omega laser facility has begun. These targets are intended to incorporate as many ignition-like properties of the proposed National Ignition Facility (NIF) double-shell ignition design [1,2] as possible, given the energy constraints of the Omega laser. In particular, this latest generation of Omega double-shells is nominally predicted to produce over 99% of the (clean) DD neutron yield from the compressional or stagnation phase of the implosion as required in the NIF ignition design. By contrast, previous double-shell experience on Omega [3] was restricted to cases where a significant fraction of the observed neutron yield was produced during the earlier shock convergence phase where the effects of mix are deemed negligibly small. These new targets are specifically designed to have optimized fall-line behavior for mitigating the effects of pusher-fuel mix after deceleration onset and, thereby, providing maximum neutron yield from the stagnation phase. Experimental results from this recent Omega ignition-like double-shell implosion campaign show favorable agreement with two-dimensional integrated hohlraum simulation studies when enhanced (gold) hohlraum M-band (2-5 keV) radiation is included at a level consistent with observations.
Date:
August 22, 2003
Creator:
Amendt, P.; Robey, H. F.; Park, H. S.; Tipton, R. E.; Turner, R. E.; Milovich, J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Sri Lanka and the Maldives
The Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, produced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) wind resource group identifies the wind characteristics and distribution of the wind resource in Sri Lanka and the Maldives. The detailed wind resource maps and other information contained in the atlas facilitate the identification of prospective areas for use of wind energy technologies, both for utility-scale power generation and off-grid wind energy applications.
Date:
August 1, 2003
Creator:
Elliott, D.; Schwartz, M.; Scott, G.; Haymes, S.; Heimiller, D. & George, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Senate Policy Committees
The two policy committees are different in structure and operation, a contrast that appears to be rooted in different leadership styles within the two party organizations. Republican leadership has traditionally been shared among Senators other than the party floor leader; customarily, the Democratic leadership positions of party floor leader, chair of the Democratic Policy Committee, and chair of the Democratic Conference have been posts held by the same person. This report covers the history of the two Senate policy committees and explains their structure, operation, and functions.
Date:
August 5, 2003
Creator:
Campbell, Colton C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Amendments on the House Floor: Summary of Major Restrictions
This report discusses the opportunities for Representatives to offer floor amendments to a bill or resolution procedures by which the House considers the measure.
Date:
August 22, 2003
Creator:
Schneider, Judy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Allocations and Subdivisions in the Congressional Budget Process
The annual budget resolution sets forth total spending and revenue levels for at least five fiscal years. The spending amounts are allocated, or “crosswalked,” to the House and Senate committees having jurisdiction over discretionary spending (the Appropriations Committees) and direct spending (the legislative committees). This report very briefly discusses the allocations and subdivisions portions of the congressional budget process.
Date:
August 29, 2003
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy Tax Incentives in the 108th Congress: A Comparison of the House and Senate Versions of H.R. 6 and the Senate Finance Committee Amendment
This report discusses energy taxes incentives, which have long been an integral component of this nation’s energy policy. Efforts to significantly expand existing energy tax subsidies have been undertaken since the 106th Congress, but controversy over various non-tax energy policy provisions — corporate average fuel economy standards, the Alaskan National Wildlife Refuge, etc. — have helped stall the legislation.
Date:
August 19, 2003
Creator:
Lazzari, Salvatore
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Probing of Unembedded Metallic Quantum Dots with Positrons
We employed the two detector coincident Doppler Broadening Technique (coPAS) to investigate Ag, Au and Ag/Au alloy quantum dots of varying sizes which were deposited in thin layers on glass slides. The Ag quantum dots range from 2 to 3 nm in diameter, while the Ag/Au alloy quantum dots exhibit Ag cores of 2 nm and 3 nm and Au shells of varying thickness. We investigate the possibility of positron confinement in the Ag core due to positron affinity differences between Ag and Au. We describe the results and their significance to resolving the issue of whether positrons annihilate within the quantum dot itself or whether surface and positron escape effects play an important role.
Date:
August 1, 2003
Creator:
Fischer, C. G.; Denison, A. B.; Weber, M. H.; Wilcoxon, J. P.; Woessner, S. & Lynn, K. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
IUPAC Statues and Bylaws.
From the history of the Commission, it began with a large number of members. It was found that it was difficult to gain agreement by correspondence between such a large group. A smaller group was elected to operate by correspondence and make decisions. It operated successfully for a half century in this manner. With funding available, the Commission membership grew larger but they.discussed all matters face to face at Commission meetings. Subcommittees were appointed to pursue specialized topics and members reported and discussed their subcommittee results directly to the Commission at the face to face meetings. With the change in the bylaws, future face to face meetings will no longer be an option for the members of the Commission and its subcommittees, unless all members provide their own funds or those of their host institutions. The funding and membership restrictions are all serious topics, which require a thorough discussion.
Date:
August 8, 2003
Creator:
Holden, Norman E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LORENTZ PHASE IMAGING AND IN-SITU LORENTZ MICROSCOPY OF PATTERNED CO-ARRAYS.
Understanding magnetic structures and properties of patterned and ordinary magnetic films at nanometer length-scale is the area of immense technological and fundamental scientific importance. The key feature to such success is the ability to achieve visual quantitative information on domain configurations with a maximum ''magnetic'' resolution. Several methods have been developed to meet these demands (Kerr and Faraday effects, differential phase contrast microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, SEMPA etc.). In particular, the modern off-axis electron holography allows retrieval of the electron-wave phase shifts down to 2{pi}/N (with typical N = 10-20, approaching in the limit N {approx} 100) in TEM equipped with field emission gun, which is already successfully employed for studies of magnetic materials at nanometer scale. However, it remains technically demanding, sensitive to noise and needs highly coherent electron sources. As possible alternative we developed a new method of Lorentz phase microscopy [1,2] based on the Fourier solution [3] of magnetic transport-of-intensity (MTIE) equation. This approach has certain advantages, since it is less sensitive to noise and does not need high coherence of the source required by the holography. In addition, it can be realized in any TEM without basic hardware changes. Our approach considers the electron-wave refraction in …
Date:
August 3, 2003
Creator:
VOLKOV,V. V. ZHU,Y.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solar Resource Assessment for Sri Lanka and Maldives
The countries of Sri Lanka and the Maldives lie within the equatorial belt, a region where substantial solar energy resources exist throughout much of the year in adequate quantities for many applications, including solar water heating, solar electricity, and desalination. The extent of solar resources in Sri Lanka has been estimated in the past based on a study of the daily total direct sunshine hours recorded at a number of weather and agricultural stations throughout the country. These data have been applied to the well-known Angstrom relationship in order to obtain an estimate of the distribution of monthly average daily total solar resources at these stations. This study is an effort in improve on these estimates in two ways: (1) to apply a gridded cloud cover database at a 40-km resolution to produce updated monthly average daily total estimates of all solar resources (global horizontal, DNI, and diffuse) for the country, and (2) to input hourly or three-hourly cloud cover observations made at nine weather stations in Sri Lanka and two in the Maldives into a solar model that produces estimates of hourly solar radiation values of the direct normal, global, and diffuse resource covering the length of the observational …
Date:
August 1, 2003
Creator:
Renne, D.; George, R.; Marion, B.; Heimiller, D. & Gueymard, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Blue and Green Light? Wavelength Scaling for NIF
Use of the National Ignition Facility to also output frequency-doubled (.53{micro}m) laser light would allow significantly more energy to be delivered to targets as well as significantly greater bandwidth for beam smoothing. This green light option could provide access to new ICF target designs and a wider range of plasma conditions for other applications. The wavelength scaling of the interaction physics is a key issue in assessing this green light option. Wavelength scaling theory based on the collisionless plasma approximation is explored, and some limitations associated with plasma collisionality are examined. Important features of the wavelength scaling are tested using the current data base, which is growing. It appears that, with modest restrictions, .53{micro}m light couples with targets as well as .35{micro}m light does. A more quantitative understanding of the beneficial effects of SSD on the interaction physics is needed for both .53{micro}m and .35{micro}m light.
Date:
August 21, 2003
Creator:
Suter, L.; Miller, M.; Moody, J. & Kruer, W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Public Aid to Faith-Based Organizations (Charitable Choice) in the 107th Congress: Background and Selected Legal Issues
None
Date:
August 19, 2003
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proton Beam Focusing and Heating in Petawatt Laser-Solid Interactions
It has recently been demonstrated that femtosecond-laser generated proton beams may be focused. These protons, following expansion of the Debye sheath, emit off the inner concave surface of hemispherical shell targets irradiated at their outer convex pole. The sheath normal expansion produces a rapidly converging proton beam. Such focused proton beams provide a new and powerful means to achieve isochoric heating to high temperatures. They are potentially important for measuring the equation of state of materials at high energy density and may provide an alternative route to fast ignition. We present the first results of proton focusing and heating experiments performed at the Petawatt power level at the Gekko XII Laser Facility at ILE Osaka Japan. Solid density Aluminum slabs are placed in the proton focal region at various lengths. The degree of proton focusing is measured via XUV imaging of Planckian emission of the heated zone. Simultaneous with the XUV measurement a streaked optical imaging technique, HISAK, gave temporal optical emission images of the focal region. Results indicate excellent coupling between the laser-proton conversion and subsequent heating.
Date:
August 13, 2003
Creator:
Snavely, R. A.; Gu, P.; King, J.; Hey, D.; Akli, K.; Zhang, B. B. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library