Environmentally Assisted Cracking in Light Water Reactors - Annual Report, January-December 2001. (open access)

Environmentally Assisted Cracking in Light Water Reactors - Annual Report, January-December 2001.

This report summarizes work performed by Argonne National Laboratory on fatigue and environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) in light water reactors (LWRs) from January to December 2001. Topics that have been investigated include (a) environmental effects on fatigue S-N behavior of austenitic stainless steels (SSs), (b) irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of austenitic SSs, and (c) EAC of Alloy 600. The effects of key material and loading variables, such as strain amplitude, strain rate, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) level in water, and material heat treatment, on the fatigue lives of wrought and cast austenitic SSs in air and LWR environments have been evaluated. The mechanism of fatigue crack initiation in austenitic SSs in LWR environments has also been examined. The results indicate that the presence of a surface oxide film or difference in the characteristics of the oxide film has no effect on fatigue crack initiation in austenitic SSs in LWR environments. Slow-strain-rate tensile tests and post-test fractographic analyses were conducted on several model SS alloys irradiated to {approx}2 x 10{sup 21} n {center_dot} cm{sup -2} (E > 1 MeV) ({approx}3 dpa) in He at 289 C in the Halden reactor. The results were used to determine the influence of alloying …
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: Chopra, O. K.; Chung, H. M.; Clark, R. W.; Gruber, E. E; Hiller, R. W.; Shack, W. J. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation of Oregon John Day Basin Office : Watershed Restoration Projects : 2002 Annual Report. (open access)

The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation of Oregon John Day Basin Office : Watershed Restoration Projects : 2002 Annual Report.

The John Day is the nation's second longest free-flowing river in the contiguous United States and the longest containing entirely unsupplemented runs of anadromous fish. Located in eastern Oregon, the basin drains over 8,000 square miles, Oregon's fourth largest drainage basin, and incorporates portions of eleven counties. Originating in the Strawberry Mountains near Prairie City, the John Day River flows 284 miles in a northwesterly direction, entering the Columbia River approximately four miles upstream of the John Day dam. With wild runs of spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead, westslope cutthroat, and redband and bull trout, the John Day system is truly a basin with national significance. The majority of the John Day basin was ceded to the Federal government in 1855 by the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon (Tribes). In 1997, the Tribes established an office in the basin to coordinate restoration projects, monitoring, planning and other watershed activities on private and public lands. Once established, the John Day Basin Office (JDBO) formed a partnership with the Grant Soil and Water Conservation District (GSWCD), also located in the town of John Day, who contracts the majority of the construction implementation activities for these projects from …
Date: June 30, 2003
Creator: Office., Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon. John Day Basin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of actinide neutron cross sections (open access)

Measurement of actinide neutron cross sections

The maintenance of strong scientific expertise is criticalto the U.S. nuclear attribution community. It is particularly importantto train students in actinide chemistry and physics. Neutroncross-section data are vital components to strategies for detectingexplosives and fissile materials, and these measurements requireexpertise in chemical separations, actinide target preparation, nuclearspectroscopy, and analytical chemistry. At the University of California,Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory we have trainedstudents in actinide chemistry for many years. LBNL is a leader innuclear data and has published the Table of Isotopes for over 60 years.Recently, LBNL led an international collaboration to measure thermalneutron capture radiative cross sections and prepared the EvaluatedGamma-ray Activation File (EGAF) in collaboration with the IAEA. Thisfile of 35,000 prompt and delayed gamma ray cross-sections for allelements from Z=1-92 is essential for the neutron interrogation ofnuclear materials. LBNL has also developed new, high flux neutrongenerators and recently opened a 1010 n/s D+D neutron generatorexperimental facility.
Date: June 15, 2003
Creator: Firestone, Richard B.; Nitsche, Heino; Leung, Ka-Ngo; Perry, DaleL. & English, Gerald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Method for removal of mercury from various gas streams (open access)

Method for removal of mercury from various gas streams

The invention provides for a method for removing elemental mercury from a fluid, the method comprising irradiating the mercury with light having a wavelength of approximately 254 nm. The method is implemented in situ at various fuel combustion locations such as power plants and municipal incinerators.
Date: June 10, 2003
Creator: Granite, E. J. & Pennline, H. W.
Object Type: Patent
System: The UNT Digital Library
The AWM-SIAM Sonia Kovalesvky Lecture - 3 part Lecture Series (open access)

The AWM-SIAM Sonia Kovalesvky Lecture - 3 part Lecture Series

The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) in cooperation with the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) and with funding from the Department of Energy initiated a new lecture series. The purpose of the lecture series is to increase the visibility of women who have made significant contributions in applied or computational mathematics. The AWM-SIAM Sonia Kovalevsky Lecture is presented at the SIAM Annual Meeting which is a national conference. The lecturer is a woman who has made distinguished contributions in applied or computational mathematics. The lecturer is determined by the Selection Committee which consists of two members of AWM and two members of SIAM, appointed by the presidents of these organizations. The committee may solicit nominations from other members of the scientific and engineering community. The lectureship may be awarded to any woman in the scientific or engineering community.
Date: June 3, 2003
Creator: Lenhart, Suzanne & Lewis, Jennifer
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
UC Berkeley Seismic Guidelines, Appendix II: Ground Motion TimeHistories for the UC Berkeley Campus (open access)

UC Berkeley Seismic Guidelines, Appendix II: Ground Motion TimeHistories for the UC Berkeley Campus

Three sets of ten time histories each were developed to represent the ground motions for each of the three return periods. All of the time histories are provided as pairs of fault-normal and fault-parallel components. The ground motion time histories are provided in two forms: unmodified, and spectrally modified to match the probabilistic response spectra. The unmodified time histories can be scaled to match the probabilistic response spectra at a specified period, such as the first mode period of the structure being analyzed, while leaving the shape of the response spectrum unmodified. This approach preserves the particular characteristics of the individual time history, together with the peaks and troughs of its response spectrum. These individual characteristics are modified in the spectrally matched time histories, resulting in a suite of ten time histories (for a given return period) that all have the same response spectrum for a given component (fault normal or fault parallel) that follows the smooth shape of the probabilistic response spectrum.
Date: June 3, 2003
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Direct to Digital Holography (open access)

Direct to Digital Holography

In this CRADA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) assisted nLine Corporation of Austin, TX in the development of prototype semiconductor wafer inspection tools based on the direct-to-digital holographic (DDH) techniques invented at ORNL. Key components of this work included, development of the first prototype named the Visible Alpha Tool (VAT) that uses visible spectrum illumination of 532 nm, assist in design of second prototype tool named the DUV Alpha Tool (DAT) using deep UV (266 nm) illumination, and continuing support of nLine in the development of higher throughput commercial tools.
Date: June 15, 2003
Creator: Bingham, P.R. & Tobin, K.W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Low-level detection and quantification of Plutonium(III, IV, V,and VI) using a liquid core waveguide (open access)

Low-level detection and quantification of Plutonium(III, IV, V,and VI) using a liquid core waveguide

Understanding the aqueous chemistry of plutonium, in particular in environmental conditions, is often complicated by plutonium's complex redox chemistry. Because plutonium possesses four oxidation states, all of which can coexist in solution, a reliable method for the identification of these oxidation states is needed. The identification of plutonium oxidation states at low levels in aqueous solution is often accomplished through an indirect determination using series of liquid-liquid extraction procedures using oxidation state specific reagents such as HDEHP and TTA. While these methods, coupled with radioactive counting techniques provide superior limits of detection they may influence the plutonium redox equilibrium, are time consuming, waste intensive and costly. Other analytical methods such as mass spectrometry and radioactive counting as stand alone methods provide excellent detection limits but lack the ability to discriminate between the oxidation states of the plutonium ions in solution.
Date: June 28, 2003
Creator: Wilson, Richard E.; Hu, Yung-Jin & Nitsche, Heino
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Transient Scuffing of Candidate Diesel Engine Materials at Temperatures up to 600<sup>o</sup>C (open access)

Transient Scuffing of Candidate Diesel Engine Materials at Temperatures up to 600<sup>o</sup>C

This milestone report summarizes the general characteristics of scuffing damage to solid surfaces, then describes transient effects on scuffing observed during oscillating sliding wear tests of candidate material pairs for high-temperature diesel engine applications, like waste-gate bushings in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. It is shown that oxidation and the formation of wear particle layers influence the friction of such components. In the case of metallic materials in cylindrical contacts where there is a generous clearance, debris layers can form which reduce the torque over time. For ceramic combinations, the opposite effect is observed. Here, the accumulation of wear debris leads to an increase in the turning torque. High-temperature transient scuffing behavior is considered in terms of a series of stages in which the composition and morphology of the contact is changing. These changes are used to explain the behavior of 11 material pairs consisting of stainless steels, Ni-based alloys, Co-based alloys, and structural ceramics.
Date: June 20, 2003
Creator: Blau, P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Star Concepts for Highway Vehicles (open access)

Energy Star Concepts for Highway Vehicles

The authors of this report, under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program, have investigated the possible application of Energy Star ratings to passenger cars and light trucks. This study establishes a framework for formulating and evaluating Energy Star rating methods that is comprised of energy- and environmental-based metrics, potential vehicle classification systems, vehicle technology factors, and vehicle selection criteria. The study tests several concepts and Energy Star rating methods using model-year 2000 vehicle data--a spreadsheet model has been developed to facilitate these analyses. This study tests two primary types of rating systems: (1) an outcome-based system that rates vehicles based on fuel economy, GHG emissions, and oil use and (2) a technology-based system that rates vehicles based on the energy-saving technologies they use. Rating methods were evaluated based on their ability to select vehicles with high fuel economy, low GHG emissions, and low oil use while preserving a full range of service (size and acceleration) and body style choice. This study concludes that an Energy Star rating for passenger cars and light trucks is feasible and that several methods could be used to achieve reasonable …
Date: June 24, 2003
Creator: Greene, D. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Design and Certification of Targets for Drop Tests at the NTRC Packaging Research Facility (open access)

Design and Certification of Targets for Drop Tests at the NTRC Packaging Research Facility

This report provides documentation of the design and certification of drop pad (targets) at the National Transportation Research Center (NTRC) Packaging Research Facility(PRF). Based on the evaluation performed, it has been demonstrated that the small (interior) drop pad (target) meets the regulatory definition of a flat, essentially unyielding, horizontal surface for packages weighing up to 3,150 lb (1,432 kg). The large (exterior) drop pad (target) meets the regulatory definition of a flat, essentially unyielding, horizontal surface for packages weighing up to 28,184 lb (12,811 kg).
Date: June 5, 2003
Creator: Ludwig, S. B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Industrial Heat Pumps for Steam and Fuel Savings: A BestPractices Steam Technical Brief (open access)

Industrial Heat Pumps for Steam and Fuel Savings: A BestPractices Steam Technical Brief

The purpose of this Steam Techcial Brief is to introduce heat-pump technology and its applicaiton in industrial processes.
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP) Report, Pend Oreille Wetlands Wildlife II Project, Technical Report 2002. (open access)

Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP) Report, Pend Oreille Wetlands Wildlife II Project, Technical Report 2002.

In 2002, the Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) was used to determine baseline habitat suitability on the Pend Oreille Wetlands Wildlife II Project, an acquisition completed by the Kalispel Tribe of Indians in 1997. Evaluation species and appropriate models include bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, Canada goose, mallard, and yellow warbler. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) values were visually estimated and agreed upon by all HEP team members. The Pend Oreille Wetlands Wildlife II Project provides a total of 313.91 Habitat Units (HUs) for the species evaluated. Open water habitat provides 16.08 HUs for Canada goose and mallard. Shoreline and island habitat provide 7.36 HUs fore Canada goose and mallard. Wet meadow provides 117.62 HUs for Canada goose and mallard. Scrub-shrub wetlands provide 9.78 HUs for yellow warbler, mallard, and white-tailed deer. Deciduous forested wetlands provide 140.47 HUs for bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, mallard, and white-tailed deer. Conifer forest provides 22.60 HUs for bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, and white-tailed deer. The objective of using HEP at the Pend Oreille Wetlands Wildlife II Project and other protected properties is to document the quality and quantity of available habitat for selected wildlife species. In this way, HEP provides information on the relative value of the …
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: Holmes, Darren
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Interfacial behavior of polymer electrolytes (open access)

Interfacial behavior of polymer electrolytes

Evidence is presented concerning the effect of surfaces on the segmental motion of PEO-based polymer electrolytes in lithium batteries. For dry systems with no moisture the effect of surfaces of nano-particle fillers is to inhibit the segmental motion and to reduce the lithium ion transport. These effects also occur at the surfaces in composite electrodes that contain considerable quantities of carbon black nano-particles for electronic connection. The problem of reduced polymer mobility is compounded by the generation of salt concentration gradients within the composite electrode. Highly concentrated polymer electrolytes have reduced transport properties due to the increased ionic cross-linking. Combined with the interfacial interactions this leads to the generation of low mobility electrolyte layers within the electrode and to loss of capacity and power capability. It is shown that even with planar lithium metal electrodes the concentration gradients can significantly impact the interfacial impedance. The interfacial impedance of lithium/PEO-LiTFSI cells varies depending upon the time elapsed since current was turned off after polarization. The behavior is consistent with relaxation of the salt concentration gradients and indicates that a portion of the interfacial impedance usually attributed to the SEI layer is due to concentrated salt solutions next to the electrode surfaces …
Date: June 3, 2003
Creator: Kerr, John; Kerr, John B.; Han, Yong Bong; Liu, Gao; Reeder, Craig; Xie, Jiangbing et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 335: Area 6 Injection Well and Drain Pit, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (open access)

Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 335: Area 6 Injection Well and Drain Pit, Nevada Test Site, Nevada

This Closure Report documents the activities undertaken to close Corrective Action Unit 335: Area 6 Injection Well and Drain Pit, according to the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective Action Unit 335 was closed in accordance with the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection-approved Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 335.
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: United States. National Nuclear Security Administration. Nevada Site Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic Propagation in a Water-Filled Cylindrical Pipe (open access)

Acoustic Propagation in a Water-Filled Cylindrical Pipe

This study was concerned with the physics of the propagation of a tone burst of high frequency sound in a steel water-filled pipe. The choice of the pulse was rather arbitrary, so that this work in no way can be considered as recommending a particular pulse form. However, the MATLAB computer codes developed in this study are general enough to carry out studies of pulses of various forms. Also, it should be pointed out that the codes as written are quite time consuming. A computation of the complete field, including all 5995 modes, requires several hours on a desktop computer. The time required by such computations as these is a direct consequence of the bandwidths, frequencies and sample rates employed. No attempt was made to optimize these codes, and it is assumed that much can be done in this regard.
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: Sullivan, E. J. & Candy, J. V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Photovoltaic Module Thermal/Wind Performance: Long-Term Monitoring and Model Development for Energy Rating (open access)

Photovoltaic Module Thermal/Wind Performance: Long-Term Monitoring and Model Development for Energy Rating

In order to predict the energy production of photovoltaic (PV) modules, it is necessary to predict the module temperature as a function of ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, total irradiance, and relative humidity. This paper presents a mathematical model to predict the module temperature based on the field monitored real data of module temperature, ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction and relative humidity.
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: TamizhMani, G.; Ji, L.; Tang, Y.; Petacci, L. & Osterwald, C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigate Methods to Decrease Compilation Time-AX-Program Code Group Computer Science R& D Project (open access)

Investigate Methods to Decrease Compilation Time-AX-Program Code Group Computer Science R& D Project

Large simulation codes can take on the order of hours to compile from scratch. In Kull, which uses generic programming techniques, a significant portion of the time is spent generating and compiling template instantiations. I would like to investigate methods that would decrease the overall compilation time for large codes. These would be methods which could then be applied, hopefully, as standard practice to any large code. Success is measured by the overall decrease in wall clock time a developer spends waiting for an executable. Analyzing the make system of a slow to build project can benefit all developers on the project. Taking the time to analyze the number of processors used over the life of the build and restructuring the system to maximize the parallelization can significantly reduce build times. Distributing the build across multiple machines with the same configuration can increase the number of available processors for building and can help evenly balance the load. Becoming familiar with compiler options can have its benefits as well. The time improvements of the sum can be significant. Initial compilation time for Kull on OSF1 was {approx} 3 hours. Final time on OSF1 after completion is 16 minutes. Initial compilation time …
Date: June 11, 2003
Creator: Cottom, T
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Simulation and Computing: A Summary Report to the Director's Review (open access)

Advanced Simulation and Computing: A Summary Report to the Director's Review

It has now been three years since the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (ASCI), as managed by Defense and Nuclear Technologies (DNT) Directorate, has been reviewed by this Director's Review Committee (DRC). Since that time, there has been considerable progress for all components of the ASCI Program, and these developments will be highlighted in this document and in the presentations planned for June 9 and 10, 2003. There have also been some name changes. Today, the Program is called ''Advanced Simulation and Computing,'' Although it retains the familiar acronym ASCI, the initiative nature of the effort has given way to sustained services as an integral part of the Stockpile Stewardship Program (SSP). All computing efforts at LLNL and the other two Defense Program (DP) laboratories are funded and managed under ASCI. This includes the so-called legacy codes, which remain essential tools in stockpile stewardship. The contract between the Department of Energy (DOE) and the University of California (UC) specifies an independent appraisal of Directorate technical work and programmatic management. Such represents the work of this DNT Review Committee. Beginning this year, the Laboratory is implementing a new review system. This process was negotiated between UC, the National Nuclear Security Administration …
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: McCoy, M G & Peck, T
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DESIGN OF SUPERCONDUCTING COMBINED FUNCTION MAGNETS FOR THE 50 GEV PROTON BEAM LINE FOR THE J-PARC NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT. (open access)

DESIGN OF SUPERCONDUCTING COMBINED FUNCTION MAGNETS FOR THE 50 GEV PROTON BEAM LINE FOR THE J-PARC NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT.

Superconducting combined function magnets will be utilized for the 50GeV-750kW proton beam line for the J-PARC neutrino experiment and an R and D program has been launched at KEK. The magnet is designed to provide a combined function with a dipole field of 2.59 T and a quadrupole field of 18.7 T/m in a coil aperture of 173.4 mm. A single layer coil is proposed to reduce the fabrication cost and the coil arrangement in the 2-D cross-section results in left-right asymmetry. This paper reports the design study of the magnet.
Date: June 15, 2003
Creator: Wanderer, P. & Al., Et
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of a Low-Dimensional Wind Turbine Inflow Turbulence Model: Second Quarterly Report; December 15, 2002--March 15, 2003 (open access)

Development of a Low-Dimensional Wind Turbine Inflow Turbulence Model: Second Quarterly Report; December 15, 2002--March 15, 2003

For the quarterly research period 15 Dec. 2002-15 Mar. 2003, researchers at the University of Wyoming in Laramie made progress in the first two Tasks listed under PHASE I of their research effort. Individual Cases99 data sets have been chosen for the initial data analysis, and investigations are underway to assess the ability of the Penn State/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Modeling System Version 5 (MM5) to simulate fluxes.
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: Naughton, J. W. & Lindberg, W. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Merlot Design (open access)

Merlot Design

We describe Merlot, a system for delivery of digital imagery over high speed networks. We describe various use cases, the client/server interaction, and the image and network codecs. We also describe some possible applications using Merlot and future work.
Date: June 10, 2003
Creator: Ahern, S D
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
FEMP Renewable Energy Overview (open access)

FEMP Renewable Energy Overview

This four-page overview describes how Federal agencies can contact the Department of Energy's Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) to obtain assistance in acquiring renewable energy systems, renewable fuels, and renewable ("green") power for use in their facilities and vehicles. Renewable resources, technologies, and fuels are described, as well as Federal goals for using clean, sustainable renewable energy; the current goal is to supply 2.5% of the Federal Government's energy with renewable sources by 2005. Also included is a description of the resources and technologies themselves and associated benefits.
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Theoretical Aerodynamic Analyses of Six Airfoils for Use on Small Wind Turbines: July 11, 2002--October 31, 2002 (open access)

Theoretical Aerodynamic Analyses of Six Airfoils for Use on Small Wind Turbines: July 11, 2002--October 31, 2002

Theoretical analyses of six airfoils--the E 387, FX 63-137, S822, S834, SD2030, and SH3055--have been performed for Reynolds numbers from 0.10 x 106 to 1.00 x 106 using the Eppler Airfoil Design and Analysis Code and the XFOIL code. The results from both codes exhibit the typical Reynolds number and roughness effects. Comparisons of the results from the two codes generally show good agreement, particularly for Reynolds numbers greater than 0.10 x 106. The maximum lift coefficient predicted by the XFOIL code is about 0.2 higher, and the Reynolds number and roughness effects are larger. The magnitudes of the zero-lift angle and pitching-moment coefficients predicted by the Eppler code are greater.
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: Somers, D. M. & Maughmer, M. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library