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AISI/DOE Technology Roadmap Program: Development of an O2-Enriched Furnace System for Reduced CO2 and NOx Emissions For the Steel Industry (open access)

AISI/DOE Technology Roadmap Program: Development of an O2-Enriched Furnace System for Reduced CO2 and NOx Emissions For the Steel Industry

An oxygen-enriched furnace system for reduced CO2 and NOx emission has been developed. The furnace geometry, with a sidewall-mounted burner, was similar to configurations commonly encountered in a steel reheat furnace. The effect of stack oxygen concentration, oxygen enrichment level and air infiltration on fuel savings/CO2 reduction, NOx emissions and scale formation were investigated. The firing rate required to maintain the furnace temperature at 1100 C decreased linearly with increasing oxygen enrichment. At full oxygen enrichment a reduction of 40-45% in the firing rate was required to maintain furnace temperature. NOx emissions were relatively constant at oxygen enrichment levels below 60% and decreased concentration at all oxygen enrichment levels. Air infiltration also had an effect on NOx levels leading to emissions similar to those observed with no air infiltration but with similar stack oxygen concentrations. At high oxygen enrichment levels, there was a larger variation in the refractory surface-temperature on the roof and blind sidewall of the furnace. Scale habit, intactness, adhesion and oxidation rates were examined for five grades of steel over a range of stack oxygen concentrations and oxygen enrichment levels at 1100 degree C. The steel grade had the largest effect on scaling properties examined in this …
Date: January 20, 2003
Creator: Grandmaison, Edward W.; Poirier, David J. & Boyd, Eric
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Alvin Sun (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 112, No. 6, Ed. 1 Monday, January 20, 2003 (open access)

The Alvin Sun (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 112, No. 6, Ed. 1 Monday, January 20, 2003

Weekly newspaper from Alvin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 20, 2003
Creator: Schwind, Jim & Holton, Kathleen
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 81, No. 56, Ed. 1 Monday, January 20, 2003 (open access)

The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 81, No. 56, Ed. 1 Monday, January 20, 2003

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 20, 2003
Creator: Cash, Wanda Garner
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
BOILER MATERIALS FOR ULTRASUPERCRITICAL COAL POWER PLANTS (open access)

BOILER MATERIALS FOR ULTRASUPERCRITICAL COAL POWER PLANTS

The principal objective of this project is to develop materials technology for use in ultrasupercritical (USC) plant boilers capable of operating with 760 C (1400 F), 35 MPa (5000 psi) steam. In the 21st century, the world faces the critical challenge of providing abundant, cheap electricity to meet the needs of a growing global population while at the same time preserving environmental values. Most studies of this issue conclude that a robust portfolio of generation technologies and fuels should be developed to assure that the United States will have adequate electricity supplies in a variety of possible future scenarios. The use of coal for electricity generation poses a unique set of challenges. On the one hand, coal is plentiful and available at low cost in much of the world, notably in the U.S., China, and India. Countries with large coal reserves will want to develop them to foster economic growth and energy security. On the other hand, traditional methods of coal combustion emit pollutants and CO{sub 2} at high levels relative to other generation options. Maintaining coal as a generation option in the 21st century will require methods for addressing these environmental issues. This project has established a government/industry consortium …
Date: January 20, 2003
Creator: Viswanathan, R. & Coleman, K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comprehensive Environmental Management System Approach: The Right Tool for Stewardship (open access)

Comprehensive Environmental Management System Approach: The Right Tool for Stewardship

Expertise, methodologies and equipment from separate programs at the large Department of Energy sites can be combined to produce a powerful risk-based planning tool for stewardship. Modeling expertise has been developed while conducting required Performance Assessments and Composite Analyses. Data management and display capabilities of modern Geographical Information Systems can make the modeling results useful tools for planning and stewardship.
Date: January 20, 2003
Creator: Cook, J. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, January 20, 2003 (open access)

The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, January 20, 2003

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 20, 2003
Creator: Bush, Kent
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Implementation of the AES as a Hash Function for Confirming the Identity of Software on a Computer System (open access)

Implementation of the AES as a Hash Function for Confirming the Identity of Software on a Computer System

This paper provides a brief overview of the implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a hash function for confirming the identity of software resident on a computer system. The PNNL Software Authentication team chose to use a hash function to confirm software identity on a system for situations where: (1) there is limited time to perform the confirmation and (2) access to the system is restricted to keyboard or thumbwheel input and output can only be displayed on a monitor. PNNL reviewed three popular algorithms: the Secure Hash Algorithm - 1 (SHA-1), the Message Digest - 5 (MD-5), and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and selected the AES to incorporate in software confirmation tool we developed. This paper gives a brief overview of the SHA-1, MD-5, and the AES and sites references for further detail. It then explains the overall processing steps of the AES to reduce a large amount of generic data-the plain text, such is present in memory and other data storage media in a computer system, to a small amount of data-the hash digest, which is a mathematically unique representation or signature of the former that could be displayed on a computer's monitor. This paper …
Date: January 20, 2003
Creator: Hansen, Randy R.; Bass, Robert B.; Kouzes, Richard T. & Mileson, Nicholas D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medal of Honor Recipients: 1979-2003 (open access)

Medal of Honor Recipients: 1979-2003

This report discusses changes in the list of recipients of the Medal of Honor (MoH). This report lists those changes by military action and provides the full text of their official citations.
Date: January 20, 2003
Creator: Richardson, Glenda
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sapulpa Daily Herald (Sapulpa, Okla.), Vol. 88, No. 86, Ed. 1 Monday, January 20, 2003 (open access)

Sapulpa Daily Herald (Sapulpa, Okla.), Vol. 88, No. 86, Ed. 1 Monday, January 20, 2003

Daily newspaper from Sapulpa, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 20, 2003
Creator: Broaddus, Matthew B.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Using Mode of Action to Assess Health Risks from Mixtures of Chemical/Physical Agents (open access)

Using Mode of Action to Assess Health Risks from Mixtures of Chemical/Physical Agents

Interactions between tumor promoters with differing mechanisms of action were examined in male B6C3F1 mice treated with mixtures of dichloroacetate (DCA), trichloroacetate (TCA), and tetrachloride (CT), each of which acts by a different mode of action. Mice were initiated by vinyl carbamate (VC), and then promoted by DCA, TCA, CT, or the pair-wised combinations of the three compounds. The effect of each treatment or treatment combination on tumor number/animal and tumor size was individually assessed at 18, 24, 30 or 36 weeks of treatment. Dose-related increases in tumor size were observed with 20 & 50 mg/kg CT, but each produced equal number of tumors at 36 weeks with the main distinction being a decrease in tumor latency at the higher dose. Overall TCA treatment produced dose-related increases in tumor number at 36 weeks of treatment. Thus, the lower doses of CT and TCA treatments apparently affected tumor size rather than number. Results with DCA were not as clear as a true maximum tumor number was not clearly observed within the experimental period. Treatment of mice receiving a high dose of TCA (2 g/L of drinking water) combined with varying doses of DCA (0.1, 0.5 and 2 g/L) produced increased numbers …
Date: January 20, 2003
Creator: Bull, Richard J.; Lei, Xingye C. & Sasser, Lyle B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2002 Wastewater Land Application Site Performance Reports for the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (open access)

2002 Wastewater Land Application Site Performance Reports for the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory

The 2002 Wastewater Land Application site Performance Reports for the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory describe site conditions for the facilities with State of Idaho Wastewater Land Application Permits. Permit-required monitoring data are summarized, and permit exceedences or environmental impacts relating to the operation of the facilities during the 2002 permit year are discussed.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Meachum, T. R. & Lewis, M. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 37, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003 (open access)

The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 37, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003

Weekly newspaper from Albany, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Lucas, Melinda L.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Amtrak Issues in the 108th Congress (open access)

Amtrak Issues in the 108th Congress

This report discusses a number of issues connected with Amtrak that Congress may consider. Amtrak does not earn enough revenue, or receive enough assistance, to cover its operating costs and capital needs. As a result, Amtrak is regularly on the verge of insolvency.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Peterman, D. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Archer County News (Archer City, Tex.), No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003 (open access)

Archer County News (Archer City, Tex.), No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003

Weekly newspaper from Archer City, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Lewis, Shelley
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Argonne National Laboratory-East summary site environmental report for calendar year 2001. (open access)

Argonne National Laboratory-East summary site environmental report for calendar year 2001.

This report is a summary of the actions taken by Argonne National Laboratory in 2001 to keep the public and environment safe. Over the last year, Argonne has monitored, evaluated, and taken steps to control problems or potential problems on its DuPage County site. The problems that have or might occur are things like spilled or leaked radiological waste, non-radiological wastes or hazardous materials. Argonne is keeping its promise to be a good neighbor, and this report confirms its commitment to its neighbors, both human and environmental. Argonne's commitment to have minimal effect on the environment was tested vigorously over 2001. Argonne's first priority is keeping the people around it safe. This was verified through tests done on the air. The air can be the most damaging way to pollute an area. This is why Argonne was so extensive in its testing. They followed guidelines of the Clean Air Act, which covers radioactive emissions, asbestos, and conventional air pollutants. Air was tested, and after all calculations were finished, the effect on the public was found to be so minimal that it almost didn't register. The sources of pollutants from Argonne are exhausts from laboratories and other facilities, the steam plant …
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Golchert, N. W. & Kolzow, R. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 81, No. 87, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003 (open access)

The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 81, No. 87, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Cash, Wanda Garner
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Broadband Internet Access and the Digital Divide: Federal Assistance Programs (open access)

Broadband Internet Access and the Digital Divide: Federal Assistance Programs

Some policymakers, believing that disparities in broadband access across American society could have adverse economic and social consequences on those left behind, assert that the federal government should play a more active role to avoid a “digital divide” in broadband access. One approach is for the federal government to provide financial assistance to support broadband deployment in underserved areas. Others, however, believe that federal assistance for broadband deployment is not appropriate. Some opponents question the reality of the “digital divide,” and argue that federal intervention in the broadband marketplace would be premature and, in some cases, counterproductive.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Kruger, Lennard G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Brownfields and Superfund Issues in the 108th Congress (open access)

Brownfields and Superfund Issues in the 108th Congress

The Superfund program for cleaning up the nation’s worst hazardous waste sites was created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, or CERCLA (P.L. 96-510, as amended). This report discusses recent development and background issues, superfund issues, revenue issues, comprehensive reauthorization, and legislation regarding superfund program.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Reisch, Mark
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Canadian Record (Canadian, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003 (open access)

The Canadian Record (Canadian, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003

Weekly newspaper from Canadian, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with some advertising.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Ezzell, Nancy & Brown, Laurie Ezzell
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
China and the World Trade Organization (open access)

China and the World Trade Organization

China has sought over the past several years to become a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the international agency that administers multilateral trade rules. China’s WTO membership (as well as that of Taiwan’s) was formally approved at the WTO Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar in November 2001. On December 11, 2001, China officially became a WTO member. WTO membership will require China to significantly liberalize its trade and investment regimes, which could produce significant new commercial opportunities for U.S. businesses. A main concern for Congress is to ensure that China fully complies with its WTO commitments.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China's Economic Conditions (open access)

China's Economic Conditions

China’s economy continues to be a concern to U.S. policymakers. On the one hand, China’s economic growth presents huge opportunities for U.S. exporters. On the other hand, the surge in Chinese exports to the United States has put competitive pressures on many U.S. industries. Many U.S. policymakers have argued that greater efforts should be made to pressure China to fully implement its WTO commitments and to change various economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as its currency peg and its use of subsidies to support its SOEs. In addition, recent bids by Chinese state-owned firms to purchase various U.S. firms have raised concerns among Members over the impact such acquisitions could have on U.S. national and economic security.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Civilian nuclear power on the drawing board: the development of Experimental Breeder Reactor-II. (open access)

Civilian nuclear power on the drawing board: the development of Experimental Breeder Reactor-II.

On September 28, 2001 a symposium was held at Argonne National Laboratory as part of the festivities to mark the 100th birthday of Enrico Fermi. The symposium celebrated Fermi's ''contribution to the development of nuclear power'' and focused on one particular ''line of development'' resulting from Fermi's interest in power reactors: Argonne's fast reactor program. Symposium participants made many references to the ways in which the program was linked to Fermi, who led the team which created the world's first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. For example, one presentation featured an April, 1944 memo that described a meeting attended by Fermi and others. The memo came from the time when research on plutonium and the nuclear chain reaction at Chicago's WWII Metallurgical Laboratory was nearing its end. Even as other parts of the Manhattan Engineering Project were building on this effort to create the bombs that would end the war, Fermi and his colleagues were taking the first steps to plan the use of nuclear energy in the postwar era. After noting that Fermi ''viewed the use of [nuclear] power for the heating of cities with sympathy,'' the group outlined several power reactor designs. In the course of discussion, Fermi and …
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Westfall, C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comanche Chief (Comanche, Tex.), No. 42, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003 (open access)

Comanche Chief (Comanche, Tex.), No. 42, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003

Weekly newspaper from Comanche, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Wilkerson, James C., III
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cooper Review (Cooper, Tex.), Vol. 123, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003 (open access)

Cooper Review (Cooper, Tex.), Vol. 123, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 20, 2003

Weekly newspaper from Cooper, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 20, 2003
Creator: Pinson, Beth
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History