The authors compare CALE simulations with recent experimental results of a laser-induced shock traversing a spherical under-dense region (''void''). In this report the experimental results are described, as well as several numerical attempts at explaining the observed radiographs. The conclusion is that the numerical simulations at this time cannot satisfactorily explain the experiment. The simulations also indicate that the introduction of air gaps between the under-dense sphere and the surrounding foam can greatly change the behavior of the shocked sphere. Thus fabrication details may play an important role in the detailed evolution of this experiment. Regardless of the simulations, analysis of the observed time sequence indicates that reproducibility of this experiment may be a factor. To settle this issue, further experiments of this kind will be required.

Transfer factors are used in radiological risk assessments to estimate the amount of radioactivity that could be present in a food crop or organism based on the calculated concentration in the source medium (i.e., soil or animal feed). By calculating the concentration in the food, the total intake can be estimated and a dose calculated as a result of the annual intake. This report compiles transfer factors for radiological risk assessments, using common food products, including meats, eggs, and plants. Transfer factors used were most often selected from recommended values listed by national or international organizations for use in radiological food chain transport calculations. Several methods of estimation and extrapolation were used for radionuclides not listed in the primary information sources. Tables of transfer factors are listed by element and information source for beef, eggs, fish, fruit, grain, leafy vegetation, milk, poultry, and root vegetables.

The magnetic properties of epitaxial Fe films on GaAs in the range of the first few monolayers have been the subject of a considerable number of investigations in recent years. The absence of magnetic signatures at room temperature has been attributed to the existence of a magnetic ''dead'' layer as well as superparamagnetism. By examining the temperature dependence of the magnetic linear dichroism of the Fe core level photoelectrons, we found that these ''non-ferromagnetic'' layers had in fact a Curie temperature, T{sub c}, substantially lower than room temperature, e.g., a T{sub c} of about 240K for thin films of a nominal thickness of 0.9 nm. The values of Curie temperature were sensitive to the initial GaAs substrate conditions and the thickness of the Fe over-layer with a layer of thickness of 1.25 nm showing a T{sub c} above room temperature. The data suggest that the ultrathin Fe films on GaAs(001) are ferromagnetic, although a weaker exchange interaction in the films lead to a substantial reduction in Curie temperature.

Various options for sequential, shared memory and distributed memory implementations for the CLJP algorithm, a parallel coarsening scheme within algebraic multigrid, are discussed. The use of different data structures as well as different approaches of implementing the actual algorithm are investigated, and experimental results illustrating the results are presented.

Measurements of core and valence electronic states of single crystals of the rare earth transition metal Zintl phases Yb{sub 14}MnSb{sub 11} and Yb{sub 14}ZnSb{sub 11} were performed using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy station of Beamline 7 at the Advanced Light Source. Sample surfaces of Yb{sub 14}MnSb{sub 11} and Yb{sub 14}ZnSb{sub 11} were measured as received, after Ar{sup +} ion bombardment, and after cleaving in situ. Detailed analysis of the clean Mn and Zn analog sample surfaces reveal a significant contribution of both Yb{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 2+} 4f states in the valence band region for the Zn analog and no contribution of Yb{sup 3+} states to the valence band for the Mn analog. This result is predicted for the Zn analog by Zintl counting rules, and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies presented here also support the mixed valency of Yb for Yb{sub 14}ZnSb{sub 11}. Further detailed analysis of the core and valence band structure of both Yb{sub 14}MnSb{sub 11} and Yb{sub 14}ZnSb{sub 11} will be presented.

The 100-BC-5 and 100-FR-3 Operable Units are defined for groundwater beneath the 100-B/C and 100-F Areas, respectively. Each operable unit has undergone a limited field investigation and qualitative risk assessment as part of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) remedial investigation process. Although decisions have been made to perform active remediation of contaminant sources, no decision has yet been made concerning remedial actions for groundwater at either operable unit. During this interim period, groundwater monitoring has been conducted in accordance with groundwater sampling and analysis plan for the 100-BC-5 Operable Unit (Sweeney 2002a) and 100-FR-3 Operable Unit (Sweeney 2002b) under Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (TPA) change control agreements between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This report is the culmination of the decision process that will guide future data acquisition at these two operable units. The data gathered will be used to develop future closure decisions, leading ultimately toward a record of decision for the 100-BC-5 and 100-FR-3 Operable Units. Detailed background information that includes facility description, groundwater flow directions, monitoring network and monitoring constituents, constituents of potential concern, summary of groundwater contamination levels, sources of groundwater …

This paper is the final report for LL998 In Situ Sensing Subtask 7 (Geo-location) undertaken for NNSA NA-22 enabling technologies R&D for Counterproliferation Detection. A few state-of-the-art resolution parameters are presented for accelerometers, indoor and outdoor GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) systems, and INSs (Inertial Navigation Systems). New technologies are described, including one which has demonstrated the ability to track within a building to a resolution of under a foot.

This document specifies requirements for a computerized automated diagnostic tool for the detection of faults in certain heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system components. The automated diagnostic tool is being developed for Architectural Energy Corporation (AEC) by Battelle as part of a program sponsored by the California Energy Commission (CEC). Supplemental cost-share funds are provided by U.S. Department of Energy through the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). This Requirements Specification (RS) specifies the essential capabilities required of the automated diagnostic tool. The purpose of this document is to clarify for AEC, the California Energy Commission (CEC), the Office of Buildings Programs, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERN) of the U.S. Department of Energy, and the project team the results that must be achieved by the automated diagnostic tool. The automated diagnostic tool detects and identifies faults in chillers and cooling tower subsystems of HVAC units using sensed data acquired from the unit, unit specifications, unit installation and configuration data, and unit operation data (such as schedules). The tool is a software product that will be utilized primarily by building operators and facilities managers and only secondarily by HVAC service technicians, energy service providers, and operation supervisors.

The goal of the As Built Model Development (ABMD) project in ADAPT is to determine how to produce finite element (FEM) meshes from information obtained from nondestructive inspection of parts and assemblies. These meshes could then be used in computational analysis tools to predict the actual performance of the parts, as opposed to the design performance that is obtained using meshes derived from design information. Information derived from several inspection methods could be used to derive the meshes, with some methods sensitive to geometry and others to material properties.

In this quarter, LLNL personnel traveled to the Alcoa Technical Center to discuss the current status of simulations and experiments. The previously-noted deficiencies of the fracture model were discussed in detail as were ways to improve its functional form to ensure reasonable behavior over a wider range of pressures and strain rates. Additional experiments to calibrate the model at low strain rates and high triaxiality were reviewed. We expect that ATC will provide the refined fracture model to LLNL shortly. Once available, appropriate modifications will be made in the FEM subroutines, and the validation process for ingot fracture will continue. A simulation is being performed to validate the FEM model for a production facility mill configuration. The current focus is on the evolution of the deformed slab shape with increasing number of reduction passes. A detailed comparison of the slab side profile with experimental results is currently being carried out to identify key parameters controlling the simulated shape. Preliminary results show that the friction model plays a dominant role in the intermediate and final profile shapes. Using details of the deformed shape as a validation metric, additional simulations will be performed to optimize parameter values.

None

Monthly report written by the Texas Daily Newspaper Association's (TDNA's) office manager, Darla Thompson, to Phil Berkebile providing a summary of revenues and account balances, programs, meetings, and other activities in the office during the previous month.

Monthly report written by the Texas Daily Newspaper Association's (TDNA's) office manager, Darla Thompson, to Phil Berkebile providing a summary of revenues and account balances, programs, meetings, and other activities in the office during the previous month.

This work reported here is part of the U. S. Department of Energy’s Science and Technology Initiative to develop improved conceptual models of flow and transport in the vadose zone, particularly for the Hanford Site, Washington. The National Academy of Sciences has identified significant knowledge gaps in conceptual model development as one reason for discovery of subsurface contamination in unexpected places. Inadequate conceptualizations limits, not only the understanding of long-term fate and transport, but also the selection and design of remediation technologies. Current conceptual models are limited partly because they do not account for the random heterogeneity that occurs under the extremes of very nonlinear flow behavior typical of the Hanford vadose zone. A major improvement in conceptual modeling of the Hanford vadose zone includes a better understanding and description of soil anisotropy, a property that appears to control much of the subsurface flow and transport in layered sediments at the Hanford Site.

Ecosystem CO{sub 2} exchange and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) mixing are correlated diurnally and seasonally. Tracer transport models predict that these covariance signals produce a meridional gradient of annual mean CO{sub 2} concentration in the marine boundary layer that is half as strong as the signal produced by fossil fuel emissions. This rectifier effect has been predicted by many inversion models. However, observations to constrain the strength of the rectifier effect in nature are lacking. The fundamental objective of this project was to measure the strength of these covariance signals between ecosystem CO{sub 2} flux and ABL dynamics by employing ABL profiling systems at eddy flux tower sites. We found that (1) the observed diurnal and seasonal covariance between ecosystem CO{sub 2} fluxes and ABL turbulent mixing are strong; (2) the inversion model underestimates the diurnal and seasonal covariance; (3) the rectifier effect in the model appears to be too weak. However, these results are subject to significant uncertainties associated with the use of a point measurement to represent an area, fair weather bias among the data and instruments, and nonlinear transport processes between continental and marine boundary layers.

The Business Innovation Center will fully participate as a member and support as fully as possible the goals of “The Alliance of Clean Energy Business Incubators” by: 1. Participating in NREL-sponsored Clean Energy Investor Forums, when possible Attended 15th Annual Growth Forum in Albany, NY, October 2003 2. Marketing our incubation services to Clean Energy Companies. October, 2002: Traveled to the University of Southern Mississippi Center for Economic and Community Development to make a presentation concerning the National Alliance of Clean Energy Incubators to the participants of the New South Economic Course. This course was attended by 65 Economic Developers, Small Business Development Center personel, and Chambers of Commerce personnel from 9 states around the South East U.S. These are people who have direct contact with entrepreneurs and can act as referrals to the Clean Energy Incubator and NREL online database, as specified in the Scope of Work

Industry and EPRI experience at several plants has shown on-line monitoring to be very effective in identifying out-of-calibration instrument channels or indications of equipment-degradation problems. The EPRI implementation project for on-line monitoring has demonstrated the feasability of on-line monitoring at several participating nuclear plants. The results have been very enouraging, and substantial progress is anticipated in the coming years.

The purpose of this calculation is to estimate the probability of misloading a commercial spent nuclear fuel waste package with a fuel assembly(s) that has a reactivity (i.e., enrichment and/or burnup) outside the waste package design. The waste package designs are based on the expected commercial spent nuclear fuel assemblies and previous analyses (Macheret, P. 2001, Section 4.1 and Table 1). For this calculation, a misloaded waste package is defined as a waste package that has a fuel assembly(s) loaded into it with an enrichment and/or burnup outside the waste package design. An example of this type of misload is a fuel assembly designated for the 21-PWR Control Rod waste package being incorrectly loaded into a 21-PWR Absorber Plate waste package. This constitutes a misloaded 21-PWR Absorber Plate waste package, because the reactivity (i.e., enrichment and/or burnup) of a 21-PWR Control Rod waste package fuel assembly is outside the design of a 21-PWR Absorber Plate waste package. These types of misloads (i.e., fuel assembly with enrichment and/or burnup outside waste package design) are the only types that are evaluated in this calculation. This calculation utilizes information from ''Frequency of SNF Misload for Uncanistered Fuel Waste Package'' (CRWMS M&O 1998) as …

Independent control of particle velocity and temperature in the HVOF process has been achieved in this research, allowing the variables to change by 170 m/s and 200{degree}C, respectively. The independence was achieved using a specially designed nozzel with multiple axial injection ports, and with an inert diluent added to the oxygen used for combustion. With these changes, notable changes in splat morphology, porosity, and coating oxidation are readily apparent. Increased particle velocity correlates with improved splat deformation, but appears to have little effect on porosity or oxidation. Particle temperature, however, correlates strongly with splat deformation, porosity, and oxidation. In fact, highly dense coatings that have little oxidation can be formed with relatively low velocity particles that have average temperatures in the vicinity of the melting point of the material. This surprising result suggests particle temperature control is the key to creating dense, low-oxide HVOF-sprayed coatings.

The overall objectives of this program are to investigate potential technologies for the conversion of synthesis gas to oxygenated and hydrocarbon fuels and industrial chemicals, and to demonstrate the most promising technologies at DOE's LaPorte, Texas, Slurry Phase Alternative Fuels Development Unit (AFDU). The program will involve a continuation of the work performed under the Alternative Fuels from Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas Program and will draw upon information and technologies generated in parallel current and future DOE-funded contracts.

The National Weatherization Assistance Program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and implemented by state and local agencies throughout the United States, weatherizes homes for low-income residents in order to increase their energy efficiency and lower utility bills. Research staff members at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have performed two previous metaevaluations of this program (Berry, 1997; Schweitzer and Berry, 1999). Both of these earlier metaevaluations involved synthesizing the results from individual studies of state weatherization efforts completed during a several year period. This report is the third in a series of metaevaluations of state-level studies. It is built on the foundation developed by the previous two metaevaluations. The purpose of this report, like that of the two earlier ORNL metaevaluations, is to provide a current estimate of the average national energy savings per home weatherized for the Weatherization Assistance Program based on the relevant state-level studies. All three of the metaevaluations, including this one, were designed to be updates to the findings of a national evaluation of the Weatherization Assistance Program, which examined a representative national sample of several thousand structures weatherized in 1989 (Brown, Berry, Balzer, and Faby 1993). Although the first and second metaevaluations used …

This report provides a brief overview of the organization and operations of House and Senate committees.

This report discusses issues regarding the Violence Against Women Office (VAWO), which was created in 1995 to address legal and policy issues concerning violence against women.

This report examines federal law regarding obscenity and indecency. The First Amendment provides: “Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.” In general, the First Amendment protects pornography, with this term being used to mean any erotic material. The Supreme Court, however, has held that the First Amendment does not protect two types of pornography: obscenity and child pornography. Consequently, they may be banned on the basis of their content, and federal law prohibits the mailing of obscenity, as well as its transport or receipt in interstate or foreign commerce.