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Year
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Day
Language
EOSN - A new TOUGH2 module for simulating transport of noble gases in the subsurface
Noble gases widely exist in nature, and except for radon, they are stable. Modern techniques can detect noble gases to relatively low concentrations and with great precision. These factors suggest that noble gases can be useful tracers for subsurface characterization. Their applications, however, require an appropriate transport model for data analyses. A new fluid property module, EOSN, was developed for TOUGH2 to simulate transport of noble gases in the subsurface. Currently any of five different noble gases (except radon) as well as CO{sub 2} can be selected, two at a time. For the two selected gas components, the Crovetto et al. (1982) model is used to calculate the Henry's law coefficients; and the Reid et al. (1987) correlation is used to calculate the gas phase diffusivities. Like most other sister modules, TOUGH2/EOSN can simulate nonisothermal multiphase flow and fully coupled transport in fractured porous media. Potential applications of the new module include, but are not limited to: (a) study of different reservoir processes such as recharge, boiling, condensation, and fracture-matrix fluid exchange; (b) characterization of reservoir geometry such as fracture spacing; and (c) analysis of CO{sub 2} sequestration.
Date:
April 2, 2003
Creator:
Shan, Chao & Pruess, Karsten
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measuring the Plasma Density of a Ferroelectric Plasma Source in an Expanding Plasma
The initial density and electron temperature at the surface of a ferroelectric plasma source were deduced from floating probe measurements in an expanding plasma. The method exploits negative charging of the floating probe capacitance by fast flows before the expanding plasma reaches the probe. The temporal profiles of the plasma density can be obtained from the voltage traces of the discharge of the charged probe capacitance by the ion current from the expanding plasma. The temporal profiles of the plasma density, at two different distances from the surface of the ferroelectric plasma source, could be further fitted by using the density profiles for the expanding plasma. This gives the initial values of the plasma density and electron temperature at the surface. The method could be useful for any pulsed discharge, which is accompanied by considerable electromagnetic noise, if the initial plasma parameters might be deduced from measurements in expanding plasma.
Date:
October 2, 2003
Creator:
Dunaevsky, A. & Fisch, N. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Case studies of energy information systems and related technology: Operational practices, costs, and benefits
Energy Information Systems (EIS), which can monitor and analyze building energy consumption and related data throughout the Internet, have been increasing in use over the last decade. Though EIS developers describe the capabilities, costs, and benefits of EIS, many of these descriptions are idealized and often insufficient for potential users to evaluate cost, benefit and operational usefulness. LBNL has conducted a series of case studies of existing EIS and related technology installations. This study explored the following questions: (1) How is the EIS used in day-to-day operation? (2) What are the costs and benefits of an EIS? (3) Where do the energy savings come from? This paper reviews the process of these technologies from installation through energy management practice. The study is based on interviews with operators and energy managers who use EIS. Analysis of energy data trended by EIS and utility bills was also conducted to measure the benefit. This paper explores common uses and findings to identify energy savings attributable to EIS, and discusses non-energy benefits as well. This paper also addresses technologies related to EIS that have been demonstrated and evaluated by LBNL.
Date:
September 2, 2003
Creator:
Motegi, Naoya; Piette, Mary Ann; Kinney, Satkartar & Dewey, Jim
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TAO users manual.
The Toolkit for Advanced Optimization (TAO) focuses on the design and implementation of component-based optimization software for the solution of large-scale optimization applications on high-performance architectures. Their approach is motivated by the scattered support for parallel computations and lack of reuse of linear algebra software in currently available optimization software. The TAO design allows the reuse of toolkits that provide lower-level support (parallel sparse matrix data structures, preconditioners, solvers), and thus they are able to build on top of these toolkits instead of having to redevelop code. The advantages in terms of efficiency and development time are significant. The TAO design philosophy uses object-oriented techniques of data and state encapsulation, abstract classes, and limited inheritance to create a flexible optimization toolkit. This chapter provides a short introduction to the design philosophy by describing the objectives in TAO and the importance of this design. Since a major concern in the TAO project is the performance and scalability of optimization algorithms on large problems, they also present some performance results.
Date:
December 2, 2003
Creator:
Benson, S.; McInnes, L. C.; More, J. J. & Sarich, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Origins of Deviations from Transition-State Theory: Formulating a New Kinetic Rate Law for Dissolution of Silicates
The task assigned to PI David London, University of Oklahoma, was to devise hydrothermal methods of synthesis that optimize the size of synthetic monocrystals of alkali feldspars, KAlSi3O8 (orthoclase) and NaAlSi3O8 (albite). The synthesis method agreed upon will utilize convention cold-seal hydrothermal reactors. This equipment and synthesis method were chosen for two reasons: (1) the method best simulates hydrothermal reactions of silicate glass waste material with groundwater, and (2) the method employs small, sealed volumes of reagents, which minimizes potential hazards when and if radionuclides are added to the system. Note that the University of Oklahoma did not approve the award for acceptance until November 20, 2001.
Date:
June 2, 2003
Creator:
London, David; Morgan, G. B.; Icenhower, J. P.; McGrail, B. P. & Luttge, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simulation study on effects of signaling network structure on the developmental increase in complexity
The developmental increase in structural complexity in multicellular life forms depends on local, often non-periodic differences in gene expression. These depend on a network of gene-gene interactions coded within the organismal genome. To better understand how genomic information generates complex expression patterns, I have modeled the pattern forming behavior of small artificial genomes in virtual blastoderm embryos. I varied several basic properties of these genomic signaling networks, such as the number of genes, the distributions of positive (inductive) and negative (repressive) interactions, and the strengths of gene-gene interactions, and analyzed their effects on developmental pattern formation. The results show how even simple genomes can generate complex non-periodic patterns under suitable conditions. They also show how the frequency of complex patterns depended on the numbers and relative arrangements of positive and negative interactions. For example, negative co-regulation of signaling pathway components increased the likelihood of (complex) patterns relative to differential negative regulation of the pathway components. Interestingly, neither quantitative differences either in strengths of signaling interactions nor multiple response thresholds to signal concentration (as in morphogen gradients) were essential for formation of multiple, spatially unique cell types. Thus, with combinatorial code of gene regulation and hierarchical signaling interactions, it is theoretically …
Date:
April 2, 2003
Creator:
Keranen, Soile V.E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of the Emission, Transport, and Deposition of Mercury, Fine Particulate Matter, and Arsenic From Coal-Based Power Plants in the Ohio River Valley Region Progress Report
Ohio University, in collaboration with CONSOL Energy, Advanced Technology Systems, Inc (ATS) and Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER) as subcontractors, is evaluating the impact of emissions from coal-fired power plants in the Ohio River Valley region as they relate to the transport and deposition of mercury, arsenic, and associated fine particulate matter. This evaluation will involve two interrelated areas of effort: ambient air monitoring and regional-scale modeling analysis. The scope of work for the ambient air monitoring will include the deployment of a surface air monitoring (SAM) station in southeastern Ohio. The SAM station will contain sampling equipment to collect and measure mercury (including speciated forms of mercury and wet and dry deposited mercury), arsenic, particulate matter (PM) mass, PM composition, and gaseous criteria pollutants (CO, NO{sub x}, SO{sub 2}, O{sub 3}, etc.). Laboratory analysis of time-integrated samples will be used to obtain chemical speciation of ambient PM composition and mercury in precipitation. Near-real-time measurements will be used to measure the ambient concentrations of PM mass and all gaseous species including Hg{sup 0} and RGM. Approximately of 18 months of field data will be collected at the SAM site to validate the proposed regional model simulations for episodic and …
Date:
October 2, 2003
Creator:
Crist, Kevin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Long-term Monitoring Plan for the Central Nevada Test Area
The groundwater flow and transport model of the Faultless underground nuclear test conducted at the Central Nevada Test Area (CNTA) was accepted by the state regulator and the environmental remediation efforts at the site have progressed to the stages of model validation and long-term monitoring design. This report discusses the long-term monitoring strategy developed for CNTA. Subsurface monitoring is an expensive and time-consuming process, and the design approach should be based on a solid foundation. As such, a thorough literature review of monitoring network design is first presented. Monitoring well networks can be designed for a number of objectives including aquifer characterization, parameter estimation, compliance monitoring, detection monitoring, ambient monitoring, and research monitoring, to name a few. Design methodologies also range from simple hydrogeologic intuition-based tools to sophisticated statistical- and optimization-based tools. When designing the long-term monitoring well network for CNTA, a number of issues are carefully considered. These are the uncertainty associated with the subsurface environment and its implication for monitoring design, the cost associated with monitoring well installation and operation, the design criteria that should be used to select well locations, and the potential conflict between different objectives such as early detection versus impracticality of placing wells in …
Date:
September 2, 2003
Creator:
Hassan, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Impact of Higher Waste Loading on Glass Properties: The Effects of Uranium and Thorium
In this study, glasses are designed or selected to assess the impacts of U3O8 and ThO2 on various glass properties of interest. More specifically, glasses were fabricated in which Th replaced U (on a molar basis) to assess the impact of ThO2 on the durability response (as measured by the Product Consistency Test ) and viscosity. Based on the measured normalized boron release values, the results indicated that the Th-enriched glasses were less durable than their Ubased counterparts. Although molar substitution of Th or U had a negative impact, all of the glasses were more durable than the Environmental Assessment glass - the highest release being 7.39 g/L as compared to 16.695 g/L as reported for EA. With respect to model predictions, THERMOTM predicts that a molar substitution of thorium for uranium should increase glass durability. However, these data suggest that the signs and/or magnitudes of the Gi values associated with U3O8 and ThO2 are inconsistent with the theory on which the current model is based for the limited number of glasses tested. It should be noted that these glasses cover a narrow compositional region. With respect to the impact on viscosity, the data suggest that there may be a …
Date:
December 2, 2003
Creator:
Peeler, D.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spinning Reserves from Controllable Packaged Through the Wall Air Conditioner (PTAC) Units
This report summarizes the feasibility of providing spinning reserves from packaged through the wall air conditioning (PTAC) units. Spinning reserves, together with non-spinning reserves, compose the contingency reserves; the essential resources that the power system operator uses to restore the generation and load balance and maintain bulk power system reliability in the event of a major generation or transmission outage. Spinning reserves are the fastest responding and most expensive reserves. Many responsive load technologies could (and we hope will) be used to provide spinning reserve. It is also easier for many loads (including air conditioning loads) to provide the relatively shorter and less frequent interruptions required to respond to contingencies than it is for them to reduce consumption for an entire peak period. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is conducting research on obtaining spinning reserve from large pumping loads and from residential and small commercial thermostat controlled heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) units. The technology selected for this project, Digi-Log's retrofit PTAC controller, offers significant advantages. To evaluate the availability of spinning reserve capacity from responsive heating and air conditioning loads, ORNL obtained data from a number of units operating over a year at a motel in the TVA …
Date:
April 2, 2003
Creator:
Kirby, B.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dancing bunches at Tevatron
None
Date:
July 2, 2003
Creator:
Guo, W.; Moore, R.; Ng, K. Y. & Lee, S. Y.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Controller Synthesis of Metastable Oxides Utilizing Epitaxy and Epitaxial Stabilization
Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has achieved unparalleled control in the integration of semiconductors at the nanometer. These advances were made through the use of epitaxy, epitaxial stabilization, and a combination of composition-control techniques including adsorption-controlled growth and RHEED-based composition control that we have developed, understood, and utilized for the growth of oxides. Also key was extensive characterization (utilizing RHEED, four-circle x-ray diffraction, AFM, TEM, and electrical characterization techniques) in order to study growth modes, optimize growth conditions, and probe the structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of the materials grown. The materials that we have successfully engineered include titanates (PbTiO3, Bi4Ti3O12), tantalates (SrBi2Ta2O9), and niobates (SrBi2Nb2O9); layered combinations of these perovskite-related materials (Bi4Ti3O12-SrTiO3 and Bi4Ti3O12-PbTiO3 Aurivillius phases and metastable PbTiO3/SrTiO3 and BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices), and new metastable phases (Srn+1TinO3n+1 Ruddlesden-Popper phases). The films were grown by reactive MBE and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Many of these materials are either new or have been synthesized with the highest perfection ever reported. The controlled synthesis of such layered oxide heterostructures offers great potential for tailoring the superconducting, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties of these materials. These properties are important for energy technologies.
Date:
December 2, 2003
Creator:
Schlom, Darrell
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Impacts of Sodium Oxalate on High-Level Waste Processing at the Savannah River Site
This report documents results from tests conducted to evaluate the impacts of elevated levels of oxalate on operations within the SRS High-Level Waste System. These operations include sludge washing, evaporation, mixing of supernates and wash waters and pretreatment of supernates to remove strontium and actinides by monosodium titanate.
Date:
May 2, 2003
Creator:
Hobbs, D. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for eta b at CDF
The {eta}{sub b} (1S) is the J{sup PC} = 0{sup {-+}} b{bar b} ground state, and has not yet been experimentally observed. Theorists have recently suggested that it could be observed at the Fermilab Tevatron through its decay to J/{psi}J/{psi}, if not in the 1992-96 (''Run 1'') dataset, then in Run 2. This article describes a search for this particle at CDF in Run 1 using this decay channel. A small cluster is seen, with 7 events where 1.8 events are expected from background. The statistical significance is estimated to be 2.2{sigma}, and an upper limit is set on the product of cross section and branching fractions.
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Tseng, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simulation studies of a XUV/soft X-ray harmonic-cascade FEL for the proposed LBNL recirculating linac*
Presently there is significant interest at LBNL in designing and building a facility for ultrafast (i.e. femtosecond time scale) x-ray science based upon a superconducting, recirculating RF linac (see Corlett et al. for more details). In addition to producing synchrotron radiation pulses in the 1-15 keV energy range, we are also considering adding one or more free-electron laser (FEL) beamlines using a harmonic cascade approach to produce coherent XUV soft X-ray emission beginning with a strong input seed at {approx}200 nm wavelength obtained from a ''conventional'' laser. Each cascade is composed of a radiator together with a modulator section, separated by a magnetic chicane. The chicane temporally delays the electron beam pulse in order that a ''virgin'' pulse region (with undegraded energy spread) be brought into synchronism with the radiation pulse, which together then undergo FEL action in the modulator. We present various results obtained with the GINGER simulation code examining final output sensitivity to initial electron beam parameters. We also discuss the effects of spontaneous emission and shot noise upon this particular cascade approach which can limit the final output coherence.
Date:
June 2, 2003
Creator:
Fawley, W. M.; Barletta, W. A.; Corlett, J. N. & Zholents, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
New aspects of beam-beam interactions in hadron colliders
Beam-beam phenomena have until now limited the beam currents and luminosity achievable in the Tevatron. injected proton currents are about ten times larger than the anti-proton currents so beam-beam effects have largely acted on the anti-protons and at all stages of the operational cycle. The effects of the anti-protons on the protons have until now been relatively benign but that may change at higher anti-proton currents. After 36 bunches of protons are injected and placed on the proton helix, anti-protons are injected four bunches at a time. After all bunches are injected, acceleration to top energy takes bout 85 seconds. After reaching flat top, the optics around the interaction regions (IRs) is changed to lower {beta}* from 1.6 m to 0.35 m at B0 and D0. The beams are brought into collision by collapsing the separation bumps around the IPs. During a high energy physics store each bunch experiences two head-on collisions with bunches in the opposing beam and seventy long-range interactions. At all other stages of the operational cycle, each bunch experiences only long-range interactions--seventy two in all. Performance limitations from beam-beam effects until now have been primarily due to these long-range interactions. The anti-proton losses at 150 GeV …
Date:
June 2, 2003
Creator:
Sen, Tanaji
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TABLE OF THE ISOTOPES
None
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Holden, N. E.
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment Waste Characterization Reduction and Repackaging Building, TA-50-69
This report presents the results of the seismic structural analyses completed on the Waste Characterization Reduction and Repackaging (WCRR) Building in support of ongoing safety analyses. WCRR is designated as TA-50-69 at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. The facility has been evaluated against Department of Energy (DOE) seismic criteria for Natural Phenomena Hazards (NPH) Performance Category II (PC 2). The seismic capacities of two subsystems within the WCRR building, the material handling glove box and the lift rack immediately adjacent to the Glove Box are also documented, and the results are presented.
Date:
February 2, 2003
Creator:
M.W.Sullivan; J.Ruminer & I.Cuesta
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A D-D/D-T fusion reaction based neutron generator system for liver tumor BNCT
Boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an experimental radiation treatment modality used for highly malignant tumor treatments. Prior to irradiation with low energetic neutrons, a 10B compound is located selectively in the tumor cells. The effect of the treatment is based on the high LET radiation released in the {sup 10}B(n,{alpha}){sup 7}Li reaction with thermal neutrons. BNCT has been used experimentally for brain tumor and melanoma treatments. Lately applications of other severe tumor type treatments have been introduced. Results have shown that liver tumors can also be treated by BNCT. At Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, various compact neutron generators based on D-D or D-T fusion reactions are being developed. The earlier theoretical studies of the D-D or D-T fusion reaction based neutron generators have shown that the optimal moderator and reflector configuration for brain tumor BNCT can be created. In this work, the applicability of 2.5 MeV neutrons for liver tumor BNCT application was studied. The optimal neutron energy for external liver treatments is not known. Neutron beams of different energies (1eV < E < 100 keV) were simulated and the dose distribution in the liver was calculated with the MCNP simulation code. In order to obtain the optimal neutron energy …
Date:
April 2, 2003
Creator:
Koivunoro, H.; Lou, T.P.; Leung, K. N. & Reijonen, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Longitudinal Bunch Dynamics in the Tevatron
The authors present their observations of the longitudinal bunch dynamics in Tevatron for uncoalesced proton bunches at 150 GeV and coalesced proton bunches at 150 GeV and 980 GeV. They have observed long-term (> 15 minutes) coherent oscillations of uncoalesced protons that preserve already existing oscillations from upstream accelerators. A single-bunch instability in large intensity protons bunches at 980 GeV has also been observed.
Date:
June 2, 2003
Creator:
Moore, R.; Balbekov, V.; Jansson, A.; Lebedev, V.; Ng, K. Y. & Shiltsev, V.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transverse-Momentum and Collision Energy Dependence of High p{sub T} Hadron Suppression in Au+Au Collisions at Ultrarelativistic Energies
No abstract prepared.
Date:
September 2, 2003
Creator:
Adams, J.; Adler, C.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B. D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Disposition of Tank 48H Organics by Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR)
In order to make space in the Savannah River Site Tank farm, the Tank 48H waste must be removed. Therefore, the Tank 48H waste must be processed to reduce or eliminate levels of nitrates, nitrites, and sodium tetraphenyl borate in order to reduce impacts of these species before it is vitrified. Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming is being considered as a candidate technology for destroying the nitrates and the NaTPB prior to melting. The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory was tasked to perform a proof-of-concept steam reforming test to evaluate the technical feasibility for pretreating the Tank 48H waste. The crucible (bench scale) tests conducted at the Savannah River Technology Center were initiated to optimize and augment the parameters subsequently tested at the pilot scale at INEEL. The purposes of the current study, organic destruction and downstream processing of T48H waste slurry were fulfilled. TPB was destroyed in all 19 samples tested with the simulated FB SR process at operational temperatures 650-725 degrees Celsius. A test temperature of 650 degrees Celsius optimized NO3 destruction during the formation of an Na2CO3 FBSR product. A test temperature of 725 degrees Celsius optimized NO3 destruction during formation of a sodium silicate FBSR product. …
Date:
December 2, 2003
Creator:
Jantzen, Carol M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Slip stacking experiments at Fermilab main injector
In order to achieve an increase in proton intensity, Fermilab Main Injector will use a stacking process called ''slip stacking''. The intensity will be doubled by injecting one train of bunches at a slightly lower energy, another at a slightly higher energy, then bringing them together for the final capture. Beam studies have started for this process and we have already verified that, at least for a low beam intensity, the stacking procedure works as expected. For high intensity operation, development work of the feedback and feedforward systems is under way.
Date:
June 2, 2003
Creator:
al., Kiyomi Koba et
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FNAL booster: Experiment and modeling
We present measurements of transverse and longitudinal beam phase space evolution during the first two hundred turns of the FNAL Booster cycle. We discuss the experimental technique, which allowed us to obtain turn-by-turn measurements of the beam profile. The experimental results are compared with the prediction of the Synergia 3D space charge simulation code.
Date:
June 2, 2003
Creator:
Spentzouris, Panagiotis & Amundson, James
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library