After strontium/transuranics removal by precipitation followed by cesium/technetium removal by ion exchange, remaining low activity waste in the Hanford River Protection Project Waste Treatment Plant is to be concentrated by evaporation prior to being mixed with glass formers and vitrified. To provide a technical basis to permit the waste treatment facility, a relatively organic-rich Hanford Tank 241-AN-107 waste simulant was spiked with 14 target volatile, semi-volatile and pesticide compounds, and evaporated under vacuum in a bench-scale natural circulation evaporator fitted with an industrial stack off-gas sampler at the Savannah River Technology Center. An evaporator material balance for the target organics was calculated by combining liquid stream mass and analytical data with off-gas emissions estimates obtained using EPA SW-846 Methods.

We present an overview of searches for MSSM Higgs at the Tevatron, concentrating on searches probing the high tan {beta} region. We discuss the search for A/H {yields} {tau}{tau} which is soon to be completed in the Run I data and review the new tau triggers implemented by CDF and D0 in Run II, which will greatly impact this analysis. We also present the results of a Run I search for A/Hbb {yields} bbbb performed by CDF and highlight expected improvements in this channel by both experiments in Run II.

Although the general environment of the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain is expected to be oxidizing in nature, the local chemistry within fuel canisters may be otherwise. The combination of low dissolved oxygen and corrosion of metallic fuels, such as Hanford's N-Reactor inventory, may produce reducing conditions. This condition may persist for periods sufficient to affect the corrosion and paragenesis of fuels and their reaction products. Starting in September 2001, unirradiated metallic uranium fuel was examined during batch tests under anoxic conditions. A series of tests carried out under inert atmosphere highlighted the rapid corrosion of the metallic uranium in EJ-13 water at 90 C. During the oxidation of the uranium, uranium dioxide fines spilled from the fuel surface generating copious amounts of colloids. The proportion of uranium-associated colloids accounted for nearly 50% to >99% of the uranium in solution after a brief period where no colloids were detected. The colloids were identified as individual (<10nm) and agglomerated uranium dioxide spheres as large as a few hundred nanometers in size. Silicate and alumino-silicate clays of diverse size and shape were also identified. The bulk size distribution as measured by dynamic light scattering was consistent with the microscopy observations in that …

A new charge-transfer(CT) salt of the ET-based mixed-donor, [ET/MET/MT](ReO{sub 4}), has been prepared by the electrocrystallization. This salt has been revealed to be a 1:1 salt by x-ray structure analysis and micro-Raman spectroscopy. EPR measurement gives g = 2.007 and {_}H{sub pp} = 9.18G at 300K. It shows a semiconducting behavior with E{sub g} = 92-110 meV depending on the samples.

This report discusses the accomplishments of the environmental protection program at Argonne National Laboratory-East (ANL-E) for calendar year 2001. The status of ANL-E environmental protection activities with respect to the various laws and regulations that govern waste handling and disposal is discussed, along with the progress of environmental corrective actions and restoration projects. To evaluate the effects of ANL-E operations on the environment, samples of environmental media collected on the site, at the site boundary, and off the ANL-E site were analyzed and compared with applicable guidelines and standards. A variety of radionuclides were measured in air, surface water, on-site groundwater, and bottom sediment samples. In addition, chemical constituents in surface water, groundwater, and ANL-E effluent water were analyzed. External penetrating radiation doses were measured, and the potential for radiation exposure to off-site population groups was estimated. Results are interpreted in terms of the origin of the radioactive and chemical substances (i.e., natural, fallout, ANL-E, and other) and are compared with applicable environmental quality standards. A U.S. Department of Energy dose calculation methodology, based on International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's CAP-88 (Clean Air Act Assessment Package-1988) computer code, was used in preparing this …

The objective of the project is not just to commercially produce oil from the Pru Fee property, but rather to test which operational strategies best optimize total oil recovery at economically acceptable rates of production volumes and costs.

The purpose of this work was to establish relationships among permeability, geophysical and other data by integrating geologic, geophysical and engineering data into an interdisciplinary quantification of reservoir heterogeneity as it relates to production.

The performance of static rotationally symmetric electron lenses is limited by unavoidable chromatic and spherical aberrations. In 1936, Scherzer demonstrated that the integrands of the integral expressions for the coefficients of these aberrations can be written as a sum of positive quadratic terms. Hence these coefficients can never change sign. This important result is called the Scherzer theorem, the only theorem existing in electron optics. Employing variational methods, Tretner determined the field of magnetic and electrostatic round lenses, which yields the smallest spherical aberration coefficient for particular constraints [2]. Unfortunately, these coefficients are still too large for realistic boundaries to enable sub-Angstrom resolution at medium voltages of about 200 to 300 kV. Therefore, the only possibility to directly reach this limit is the correction of the troublesome aberrations. It was again Scherzer who showed different procedures for canceling these aberrations [3]. The most promising is the incorporation of a corrector consisting of multipole elements or of a tetrode mirror in the case of low voltages. Although the mirror is rotationally symmetric, a non-rotationally symmetric beam splitter is needed to separate the incident beam from the reflected beam.

During the past decades there has been a continuous growth in the number of physical and societal problems that have been successfully studied and solved by means of computational modeling and simulation. Distinctively, a number of these are important scientific problems ranging in scale from the atomic to the cosmic. For example, ionization is a phenomenon as ubiquitous in modern society as the glow of fluorescent lights and the etching on silicon computer chips; but it was not until 1999 that researchers finally achieved a complete numerical solution to the simplest example of ionization, the collision of a hydrogen atom with an electron. On the opposite scale, cosmologists have long wondered whether the expansion of the Universe, which began with the Big Bang, would ever reverse itself, ending the Universe in a Big Crunch. In 2000, analysis of new measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation showed that the geometry of the Universe is flat, and thus the Universe will continue expanding forever. Both of these discoveries depended on high performance computer simulations that utilized computational tools included in the Advanced Computational Testing and Simulation (ACTS) Toolkit. The ACTS Toolkit is an umbrella project that brought together a number of …

This report gives results of efforts to determine electrofacies from logs; measure permeability in outcrop to study very fine-scale trends; find the correlation between permeability measured by the minipermeameter and in core plugs, define porosity-permeability flow units; and run the BOAST III reservoir simulator using the flow units defined for the Gordon reservoir.

Objectives of this project was to understand asphaltene precipitation in General and carbon dioxide induced precipitation in particular. To this effect, thermodynamic and kinetic experiments with the Rangely crude oil were conducted and thermodynamic and reservoir models were developed.

This report describes the present status of the five low-energy Linac 200-MHz RF stations with regard to availability and reliability of major components. An attempt has been made to describe possible solutions (or non-solutions) and to indicate some of the complexity and interplay between those solutions. For the problem at hand, the discontinuance of this one particular tube, an acceptable solution plan must be identified and designed in detail in the near future. As explained herein, the time scale for implementing a solution is five years; beyond that time there is considerable risk of finding ourselves with a non-maintainable Linac and no High Energy Physics program at Fermilab.

The United States Postal Service (USPS) has ordered 500 light-duty electric carrier route vehicles (ECRV) mostly for their delivery carriers to use in several California locations. The 500 ECRVs have been defined as a demonstration fleet to support a decision of potentially ordering 5,500 additional ECRVs. Several different test methods are being used by the USPS to evaluate the 500-vehicle deployment. One of these test methods is the ECRV Customer Acceptance Test Program at Fountain Valley, California. Two newly manufactured ECRVs were delivered to the Fountain Valley Post Office and eighteen mail carriers primarily drove the ECRVs on ''park and loop'' mail delivery routes for a period of 2 days each. This ECRV testing consisted of 36 route tests, 18 tests per vehicle. The 18 mail carriers testing the ECRVs were surveyed for the opinions on the performance of the ECRVs. The U.S. Department of Energy, through its Field Operations Program, is supporting the USPS's ECRV testing activities both financially and with technical expertise. As part of this support, Field Operations Program personnel at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory have compiled this report based on the data generated by the USPS and its testing contractor (Ryerson, Master and …

An existing argon atmosphere glovebox enclosure was to be refurbished for contaminated operations with a large, high temperature induction furnace. Thermal modeling indicated that glovebox temperatures would be high but acceptable without active cooling, but there were significant concerns that the analysis was inadequate and active cooling would be required. In particular, radiant heating of the glovebox walls by the furnace and pressure control system performance were concerns the thermal model had not addressed. Consequently, a thermal load test with a simulated furnace was designed to answer these questions. The purpose of the test was to determine if active cooling would be required to maintain containment integrity and, if not required, would it still be desirable for improved operations?

Heavy-ion accelerators for HIF will operate at high aperture-fill factors with high beam current and long pulses. This will lead to beam ions impacting walls: liberating gas molecules and secondary electrons. Without special preparation a large fractional electron population ({approx}>1%) is predicted in the High-Current Experiment (HCX), but wall conditioning and other mitigation techniques should result in substantial reduction. Theory and particle-in-cell simulations suggest that electrons, from ionization of residual and desorbed gas and secondary electrons from vacuum walls, will be radially trapped in the {approx}4 kV ion beam potential. Trapped electrons can modify the beam space charge, vacuum pressure, ion transport dynamics, and halo generation, and can potentially cause ion-electron instabilities. Within quadrupole (and dipole) magnets, the longitudinal electron flow is limited to drift velocities (E x B and {del}B) and the electron density can vary azimuthally, radially, and longitudinally. These variations can cause centroid misalignment, emittance growth and halo growth. Diagnostics are being developed to measure the energy and flux of electrons and gas evolved from walls, and the net charge and gas density within magnetic quadrupoles, as well as the their effect on the ion beam.

The thermoelastic properties of bcc tantalum have been investigated over a broad range of temperatures (up to 12000 K) and pressures (up to 10 Mbar) using first-principles methods that account for cold, electron-thermal, and ion-thermal contributions. Specifically, we have combined ab initio all electron electronic-structure calculations for the cold and electron-thermal contributions to the elastic moduli with phonon contributions for the ion-thermal part calculated using model generalized pseudopotential theory (MGPT). For the latter, a summation of terms over the Brillouin zone is performed within the quasi-harmonic approximation, where each term is composed of a strain derivative of the phonon frequency at a particular k-point. At ambient pressure, the resulting temperature dependence of the elastic moduli is in excellent agreement with ultrasonic measurements. The experimentally observed anomalous behavior of C44 at low temperatures is shown to originate from the electron-thermal contribution. At higher temperatures, the dominant contribution to the temperature dependence of the elastic moduli comes from thermal expansion. Also, the pressure dependence of the moduli compares well with recent diamond and cell measurements up to 105 GPa. The calculated longitudinal and bulk sound velocities at higher pressure and temperature agree well with data obtained from shock experiments. Additionally, the temperature …

A Linac Afterburner is proposed to raise the energy of the beam injected into the Femrilab Booster from 400 MeV to about 600 MeV, thereby alleviating the longitudinal and transverse space-charge effects at low energy that currently limit its performance. The primary motivation is to increase the integrated luminosity of the Tevatron Collider in Run II, but other future programs would also recap substantial benefits. The estimated cost is $23M.

The structural transformations that occur in diamondlike carbon coatings with increasing hydrogen content have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Friction tests were performed with uncoated steel balls against coated substrates at contact stresses of 1 GPa in ambient air (relative humidity = 30 - 40%), dry air (relative humidity < 1%), and dry nitrogen (< 1%). The lowest friction coefficient (f < 0.02) was obtained for the most hydrogenated sample in dry nitrogen, where the formation of a third-body layer was observed on the steel surface. Raman spectra obtained from the counterfaces after sliding in humid and dry air revealed a remarkable increase and narrowing of the ''D'' and ''G'' peaks with decreasing humidity. Analysis of peak positions and I(D)/I(G) ratios pointed to an increasing order and an enlargement of the sp{sup 2} clusters under friction. The shape and position of the carbon K-edge spectra for the transfer layer are affected the same way, although evidence of extended graphite layer formation was not observed. Development of these differing trends was correlated with the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the gas precursor used during the synthesis and with the type of surrounding atmosphere.

Puzzles awaiting better experiments and better theory include: (1) the contradiction between good and bad SU(3) baryon wave functions in fitting Cabibbo theory for hyperon decays, strangeness suppression in the sea and the violation of the Gottfried Sum rule--no model fits all; (2) Anomalously enhanced Cabibbo-suppressed D{sup +} {yields} K*{sup +} (s{bar d}) decays; (3) anomalously enhanced and suppressed B {yields} {eta}{prime} X decays; (4) the OZI rule in weak decays; (5) Vector dominance (W {yields} {pi}, {rho}, a{sub 1}, D{sub s}, D*{sub s}) in weak decays; (6) puzzles in doubly-cabibbo-suppressed charm decays; and (7) problems in obtaining {Lambda} spin structure from polarization measurements of produced {Lambda}'s.

In young forest plantations, trees planted at high densities frequently show more rapid height and diameter growth than those plants at lower densities. This positive growth response to density (the ''density effect'') often manifests long before seedlings are tall enough to shade one another, so it is not a simple response to shade. The mechanism(s) which trigger and sustain this growth enhancement are unknown. Our objectives were to document the temporal dynamics of positive growth response to increasing density in Douglas-fir plantations and to test two hypotheses as potential mechanisms for this response. The hypotheses are (1) a canopy boundary layer effect, and (2) alterations in the quality of light reflected from neighboring trees. The ''boundary layer'' hypotheses proposes that changes in atmospheric mixing occur in high-density plantations, promoting increased concentrations of CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O vapor during early morning hours, which in turn would enhance carbon assimilation. The ''light quality'' hypothesis proposes that the presence of neighbors alters the ratio of red to far red light in the canopy environment. Plant sensors detect this change in light quality, and growth and development is altered in response. We found that boundary layer conductance was higher, as we predicted, in …

Measurements of oxidation. These spectra are to the best of our knowledge the first reported in situ spectroscopic observation of homogeneous aqueous redox chemistry at temperatures beyond the critical temperature of waste. We also observed a time-dependence for the growth of the Cr(VI) XANES peak and have therefore obtained both kinetic information as well as structural information on the reactants and products at the reaction temperature. We feel that these new techniques, when employed on actual waste components will elucidate the underlying chemistry.

STREAM II, an aqueous transport module of the Savannah River Site emergency response Weather INformation Display (WIND) system, accounts for the effects of dilution, advection and dispersion. Although the model has the capability to account for nuclear decay, due to the short time interval of interest for emergency response, the effect of nuclear decay is very small and so it is not employed. The interactions between the sediment and radionuclides are controlled by the flow conditions and physical and chemical characteristics of the radionuclides and the sediment constituents. The STREAM II-V2 used in emergency response does not model the effects of sediment deposition/resuspension to minimize computing time. The effects of sedimentation on cesium and plutonium transport in the Fourmile Branch were studied recently and the results from these studies indicated that the downstream cesium and plutonium peak concentrations were significantly reduced due to the effects of sedimentations. The STREAM II-V2 was upgraded to account for the effect of sedimentation on aqueous transport of cesium and plutonium released from H-Area.

Prevention of stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion in high-level waste (HLW) tanks requires the periodic addition of corrosion inhibitors, sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrite. These inhibitor ions can be generated electrochemically from the nitrate present in the waste. Thus, a continuously operated electrochemical reactor placed in the top of the tank could generate nitrite and hydroxide. In-tank generation would eliminate the need to continually add process chemicals resulting in cost savings associated with the procurement, pretreatment and disposal of these chemicals. Experiments examined whether both nitrite and hydroxide could be generated simultaneously from a simple waste simulant in a single electrolytic cell. Results indicated that hydroxide, but not nitrite, formed at a rate that would be effective for in-tank generation. Nitrate reduction proceeded beyond the production of nitrite to produce other nitrogen-containing products. We recommend additional testing to identify an optimum cathode material for nitrite production. Alternatively, the in-tank generator may feature a divided cell configuration or dual electrochemical cells in which one cell generates hydroxide and the second cell generates nitrite.

The overall objective of this project is to demonstrate that a development program based on advanced reservoir management methods can significantly improve oil recovery at the Nash Draw Pool (NDP). The plan includes developing a control area using standard reservoir management techniques and comparing its performance to an area developed using advanced reservoir management methods. Specific goals are (1) to demonstrate that an advanced development drilling and pressure maintenance program can significantly improve oil recovery compared to existing technology applications and (2) to transfer these advanced methodologies to oil and gas producers in the Permian Basin and elsewhere throughout the U.S. oil and gas industry.