Oral History Interview with Audie Lynch, March 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Audie Lynch, March 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Audie Lynch. Lynch was born in Scotland, Arkansas 15 May 1925 and graduated from high school in 1942. He then attended Southeast Missouri State Teachers College where he participated in the Navy’s V-12 college training program. After one year he was sent to the Naval Reserve Midshipman School at Notre Dame University and received his commission four months later. Lynch was then ordered to report aboard the USS Charles Carroll (APA-28) at Norfolk, Virginia. The ship, which carried LCVP and LCM landing craft, sailed to Espiritu Santo where the troops trained and practiced landings prior to the invasion of Okinawa. He recalls participating in the invasion as the boat officer of a LCVP and had Ernie Pyle as a passenger. After the surrender of Japan, he made five trips to the Philippines, China and Japan ferrying troops back to the United States.
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Lynch, Audie J.
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Audie Lynch, March 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Audie Lynch, March 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Audie Lynch. Lynch was born in Scotland, Arkansas 15 May 1925 and graduated from high school in 1942. He then attended Southeast Missouri State Teachers College where he participated in the Navy’s V-12 college training program. After one year he was sent to the Naval Reserve Midshipman School at Notre Dame University and received his commission four months later. Lynch was then ordered to report aboard the USS Charles Carroll (APA-28) at Norfolk, Virginia. The ship, which carried LCVP and LCM landing craft, sailed to Espiritu Santo where the troops trained and practiced landings prior to the invasion of Okinawa. He recalls participating in the invasion as the boat officer of a LCVP and had Ernie Pyle as a passenger. After the surrender of Japan, he made five trips to the Philippines, China and Japan ferrying troops back to the United States.
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Lynch, Audie J.
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Bill Ingram, March 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Bill Ingram, March 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Bill Ingram. Ingram was born in Springfield, Illinois on 13 June 1924. He joined the US Navy in 1941 and after completion of boot camp at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station he traveled to California where he was assigned to the USS Houston (CA-30), boarding the ship in Darwin, Australia. He describes his battle station as loader of an 8 inch forward gun and the procedures involved in loading of the gun. He tells of the 28 February 1942 attack on the ship by Japanese forces and the sinking of the Houston. After spending two days in the water he was picked up by the enemy and following questioning he was thrown back into the water. Later, he was picked out of the water and taken to Java. He describes the questioning procedure of the Japanese and the physical abuse he endured. Ingram was then moved from Batavia, Java to Burma to work on the Thai-Burma Railroad and describes the extensive manual labor required, the starving conditions, lack of adequate medical attention and inhumane treatment by the captors. He relates the painful experience of developing dysentery, malaria …
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Ingram, Bill
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Bill Ingram, March 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Bill Ingram, March 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Bill Ingram. Ingram was born in Springfield, Illinois on 13 June 1924. He joined the US Navy in 1941 and after completion of boot camp at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station he traveled to California where he was assigned to the USS Houston (CA-30), boarding the ship in Darwin, Australia. He describes his battle station as loader of an 8 inch forward gun and the procedures involved in loading of the gun. He tells of the 28 February 1942 attack on the ship by Japanese forces and the sinking of the Houston. After spending two days in the water he was picked up by the enemy and following questioning he was thrown back into the water. Later, he was picked out of the water and taken to Java. He describes the questioning procedure of the Japanese and the physical abuse he endured. Ingram was then moved from Batavia, Java to Burma to work on the Thai-Burma Railroad and describes the extensive manual labor required, the starving conditions, lack of adequate medical attention and inhumane treatment by the captors. He relates the painful experience of developing dysentery, malaria …
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Ingram, Bill
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Christine Adler, February 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Christine Adler, February 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Christine Adler. Adler was born in New York City in 1931 to Filipino and American parents. She tells of living in an orphanage until 1938 at which time she went to the Philippines to live with her father. Upon arriving in the Philippines she attended private schools. She recalls December 1941 when she was awakened by the sound of tanks and Japanese soldiers entering homes and taking anything of value. As her father worked with a guerilla group they left their home. Adler tells of fleeing with no shoes, few clothes and very little personal belongings and moving place to place to avoid detection. She recounts an incident where Japanese soldiers picked her up and took her to Fort Santiago. She and her father were later released. She describes seeing piles of bodies and witnessing torture being done by the Japanese during the occupation and of seeing the fires as Manila was set ablaze. She tells of the joy felt by the population upon seeing the American tanks and soldiers roll into the city and of the return of her and her father to the United States aboard …
Date: February 1, 2002
Creator: Adler, Christine
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Christine Adler, February 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Christine Adler, February 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Christine Adler. Adler was born in New York City in 1931 to Filipino and American parents. She tells of living in an orphanage until 1938 at which time she went to the Philippines to live with her father. Upon arriving in the Philippines she attended private schools. She recalls December 1941 when she was awakened by the sound of tanks and Japanese soldiers entering homes and taking anything of value. As her father worked with a guerilla group they left their home. Adler tells of fleeing with no shoes, few clothes and very little personal belongings and moving place to place to avoid detection. She recounts an incident where Japanese soldiers picked her up and took her to Fort Santiago. She and her father were later released. She describes seeing piles of bodies and witnessing torture being done by the Japanese during the occupation and of seeing the fires as Manila was set ablaze. She tells of the joy felt by the population upon seeing the American tanks and soldiers roll into the city and of the return of her and her father to the United States aboard …
Date: February 1, 2002
Creator: Adler, Christine
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with David Flynn, March 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with David Flynn, March 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with David Flynn. Flynn joined the Navy in 1939. He served as a Radioman aboard USS Houston (CA-30) until it sank in March of 1942 during the Battle of Sunda Strait. He was captured by the Japanese and placed aboard their ship. Several hours later the ship was torpedoed, landing Flynn back into the water. He met up with Australian and British survivors and again was captured by another Japanese group. They were taken to a POW Camp in Serang, Java, and later to a camp in Jakarta. After 3 years of imprisonment, Flynn was liberated from the camp. He returned to the US and was discharged in October of 1945.
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Flynn, David
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with David Flynn, March 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with David Flynn, March 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with David Flynn. Flynn joined the Navy in 1939. He served as a Radioman aboard USS Houston (CA-30) until it sank in March of 1942 during the Battle of Sunda Strait. He was captured by the Japanese and placed aboard their ship. Several hours later the ship was torpedoed, landing Flynn back into the water. He met up with Australian and British survivors and again was captured by another Japanese group. They were taken to a POW Camp in Serang, Java, and later to a camp in Jakarta. After 3 years of imprisonment, Flynn was liberated from the camp. He returned to the US and was discharged in October of 1945.
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Flynn, David
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Edward Cadwallader, February 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Edward Cadwallader, February 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Edward Cadwallader. Cadwallader was born in Manila, Philippines in 1938. His parents were of American and Australian descent, and managed an apartment complex inherited by their family in 1930. Cadwallader was 3 years old when he and his family were taken as prisoners to Santo Tomas Internment Camp in Manila. From such a young age, he recalls the deprivation they had living in the camp, Japanese and American planes fighting overhead, shells exploding, picking up shrapnel, interactions with the guards, taking first communion in the animal husbandry museum of the main building, his schooling, American fatalities and vivid details of their liberation from the camp. After liberation they moved back to their apartment complex for 6 months, then on Cadwallader’s seventh birthday, they relocated to the United States.
Date: February 1, 2002
Creator: Cadwallader, Edward
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Edward Cadwallader, February 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Edward Cadwallader, February 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Edward Cadwallader. Cadwallader was born in Manila, Philippines in 1938. His parents were of American and Australian descent, and managed an apartment complex inherited by their family in 1930. Cadwallader was 3 years old when he and his family were taken as prisoners to Santo Tomas Internment Camp in Manila. From such a young age, he recalls the deprivation they had living in the camp, Japanese and American planes fighting overhead, shells exploding, picking up shrapnel, interactions with the guards, taking first communion in the animal husbandry museum of the main building, his schooling, American fatalities and vivid details of their liberation from the camp. After liberation they moved back to their apartment complex for 6 months, then on Cadwallader’s seventh birthday, they relocated to the United States.
Date: February 1, 2002
Creator: Cadwallader, Edward
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Elaine Graydon, February 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Elaine Graydon, February 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Elaine Graydon. Graydon was born in Manila, Philippines in 1937. Her mother was a native and her father was born in Spokane, Washington. He worked as a mining engineer. When the war began, Graydon was only 4 and ½ years old. She recalls when the Japanese invaded, and she and her family seeking refuge. In early 1942, she and her family were sent to Santo Tomas Internment Camp, where they lived in a shanty. Graydon provides vivid details of her experiences in the camp as a child, including schooling, food and living accommodations, interactions with the Japanese guards, their daily work and tasks and liberation from the camp in February of 1945.
Date: February 1, 2002
Creator: Graydon, Elaine
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Elaine Graydon, February 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Elaine Graydon, February 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Elaine Graydon. Graydon was born in Manila, Philippines in 1937. Her mother was a native and her father was born in Spokane, Washington. He worked as a mining engineer. When the war began, Graydon was only 4 and ½ years old. She recalls when the Japanese invaded, and she and her family seeking refuge. In early 1942, she and her family were sent to Santo Tomas Internment Camp, where they lived in a shanty. Graydon provides vivid details of her experiences in the camp as a child, including schooling, food and living accommodations, interactions with the Japanese guards, their daily work and tasks and liberation from the camp in February of 1945.
Date: February 1, 2002
Creator: Graydon, Elaine
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Frank Ficklin, March 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Frank Ficklin, March 1, 2002

Transcript of an oral interview with Frank Ficklin. Ficklin joined the National Guard (Regimental Headquarters Battery of the 131st Field Artillery) in 1938 when he was sixteen. They were mobilized in November 1940 in Wichita Falls, Texas and sent to Camp Bowie Brownwood, Texas for training with the 36th Division. They trained there for about a year and were then shipped overseas, picking up American 75s in San Francisco on the way. After landing in Brisbane, Australia, they were sent to Singasari, Java. They originally supported remnants of the 19th Heavy Bombardment Group that had pulled out from the Philippines but when the planes left, they reverted back to artillery and went into combat against the Japanese at Butansory, supporting an Australian infantry unit. On March 8, 1942 his unit was called together and told that the Dutch had capitulated and that they were now POWs. Sometime in May 1942 the Japanese took them into the Bicycle Camp where they met up with the 368 survivors of the USS Houston which was sunk on March 1, 1942. They spent about six or seven months at this camp. In October they were put aboard the Dinichi Maru which sailed for Singapore. …
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Ficklin, Frank
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Frank Ficklin, March 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Frank Ficklin, March 1, 2002

Transcript of an oral interview with Frank Ficklin. Ficklin joined the National Guard (Regimental Headquarters Battery of the 131st Field Artillery) in 1938 when he was sixteen. They were mobilized in November 1940 in Wichita Falls, Texas and sent to Camp Bowie Brownwood, Texas for training with the 36th Division. They trained there for about a year and were then shipped overseas, picking up American 75s in San Francisco on the way. After landing in Brisbane, Australia, they were sent to Singasari, Java. They originally supported remnants of the 19th Heavy Bombardment Group that had pulled out from the Philippines but when the planes left, they reverted back to artillery and went into combat against the Japanese at Butansory, supporting an Australian infantry unit. On March 8, 1942 his unit was called together and told that the Dutch had capitulated and that they were now POWs. Sometime in May 1942 the Japanese took them into the Bicycle Camp where they met up with the 368 survivors of the USS Houston which was sunk on March 1, 1942. They spent about six or seven months at this camp. In October they were put aboard the Dinichi Maru which sailed for Singapore. …
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Ficklin, Frank
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Frank G. Reynolds, November 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Frank G. Reynolds, November 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Frank G. Reynolds. Reynolds was drafted into the Army in July, 1943. After training and after being shipped overseas, Reynolds was assigned as a medic to Company E, 2nd Battalion, 115th Infantry Regiment, 29th Infantry Division. Reynolds was in the second wave to land at Omaha Beach at Normandy on D-day, 6 June 1944. He relates his experiences at Normandy and St. Mere Eglise. He finally was evacuated after a while on the line. When he was fit for duty again, he was assigned to 1341st labor Supervision Company. Part of his duties included watching over displaced people and guarding German prisoners of war.
Date: November 1, 2002
Creator: Reynolds, Frank G.
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Frank G. Reynolds, November 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Frank G. Reynolds, November 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Frank G. Reynolds. Reynolds was drafted into the Army in July, 1943. After training and after being shipped overseas, Reynolds was assigned as a medic to Company E, 2nd Battalion, 115th Infantry Regiment, 29th Infantry Division. Reynolds was in the second wave to land at Omaha Beach at Normandy on D-day, 6 June 1944. He relates his experiences at Normandy and St. Mere Eglise. He finally was evacuated after a while on the line. When he was fit for duty again, he was assigned to 1341st labor Supervision Company. Part of his duties included watching over displaced people and guarding German prisoners of war.
Date: November 1, 2002
Creator: Reynolds, Frank G.
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Frank Stagner, February 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Frank Stagner, February 1, 2002

Transcript of an oral interview with Frank Stagner. Stagner was a nine-year-old child living in Manila with his family when the Japanese invaded the Philippines. His father was a radio broadcaster and was asked to keep his station working during the invasion. When the station was destroyed, Stagner's father took the family into the hills where they were eventually captured by the Japanese. He relates the experiences he had just after being captured: getting back to Manila, being paraded through the streets by the Japanese, being interned at Fort Santiago where his father was interrogated, and being interned at Santo Tomas. He provides very few details of day to day life in the camp, but describes being liberated.
Date: February 1, 2002
Creator: Stagner, Frank
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Frank Stagner, February 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Frank Stagner, February 1, 2002

Transcript of an oral interview with Frank Stagner. Stagner was a nine-year-old child living in Manila with his family when the Japanese invaded the Philippines. His father was a radio broadcaster and was asked to keep his station working during the invasion. When the station was destroyed, Stagner's father took the family into the hills where they were eventually captured by the Japanese. He relates the experiences he had just after being captured: getting back to Manila, being paraded through the streets by the Japanese, being interned at Fort Santiago where his father was interrogated, and being interned at Santo Tomas. He provides very few details of day to day life in the camp, but describes being liberated.
Date: February 1, 2002
Creator: Stagner, Frank
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with George Zapalac, January 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with George Zapalac, January 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with George Zapalac. After completing jump school at Fort Benning, Georgia, Zapalac went into the 101st Airborne, 506th Infantry Regiment. He jumped into Normandy on 6 June 1944. The objective for the 506th Infantry Regiment was to secure two bridges over the Carentan canal. He recalls being seriously wounded soon after landing and tells of the effort made by members of the 4th Infantry to bring trucks up so he and many other wounded could be taken to the aid station on Utah Beach. After receiving emergency treatment he was put on board an LST and taken to a hospital in England. After he recovered, Zapalac returned to his unit in November. It was found that he was unable to properly handle his weapon because of the injury and he was sent back to the hospital. Soon thereafter, he returned to the United States.
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Zapalac, George
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with George Zapalac, January 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with George Zapalac, January 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with George Zapalac. After completing jump school at Fort Benning, Georgia, Zapalac went into the 101st Airborne, 506th Infantry Regiment. He jumped into Normandy on 6 June 1944. The objective for the 506th Infantry Regiment was to secure two bridges over the Carentan canal. He recalls being seriously wounded soon after landing and tells of the effort made by members of the 4th Infantry to bring trucks up so he and many other wounded could be taken to the aid station on Utah Beach. After receiving emergency treatment he was put on board an LST and taken to a hospital in England. After he recovered, Zapalac returned to his unit in November. It was found that he was unable to properly handle his weapon because of the injury and he was sent back to the hospital. Soon thereafter, he returned to the United States.
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Zapalac, George
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Georgia Payne, February 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Georgia Payne, February 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Georgia Payne. Payne was born in Kansas City, Missouri in 1929. Her father, who as an American citizen, was born in Manila, Philippines. In 1934 their family moved back to Manila to work and be close to her father’s mother. They were living there in 1941 when the Japanese invaded the Philippines. She and her family were taken to Santo Tomas Internment Camp, where they resided for 37 months. Around early 1945 Payne and her family were shipped back to the US. She provides vivid recollections of her time in the camp, their liberation and their acclimatization back in the States.
Date: February 1, 2002
Creator: Payne, Georgia
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Georgia Payne, February 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Georgia Payne, February 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Georgia Payne. Payne was born in Kansas City, Missouri in 1929. Her father, who as an American citizen, was born in Manila, Philippines. In 1934 their family moved back to Manila to work and be close to her father’s mother. They were living there in 1941 when the Japanese invaded the Philippines. She and her family were taken to Santo Tomas Internment Camp, where they resided for 37 months. Around early 1945 Payne and her family were shipped back to the US. She provides vivid recollections of her time in the camp, their liberation and their acclimatization back in the States.
Date: February 1, 2002
Creator: Payne, Georgia
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Harry Kelly, March 1, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Harry Kelly, March 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Harry Kelly. Kelly joined the Navy in 1939. He served aboard the USS Yorktown (CV-5) through March of 1941. He was then transferred to USS Houston (CA-30) at Manila Bay, Philippines. Kelly served on the 5-inch antiaircraft gun aboard Houston, until it sank in March of 1942 during the Battle of Sunda Strait. He was captured and interned as a prisoner of war by the Japanese. They traveled to Surabaya, Singapore and Burma, where he worked on the Thai-Burma Railroad. He recalls the Red Cross Package drop in June of 1945, and liberation in September. He returned to the US and was discharged in September of 1945.
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Kelly, Harry
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Harry Kelly, March 1, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Harry Kelly, March 1, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Harry Kelly. Kelly joined the Navy in 1939. He served aboard the USS Yorktown (CV-5) through March of 1941. He was then transferred to USS Houston (CA-30) at Manila Bay, Philippines. Kelly served on the 5-inch antiaircraft gun aboard Houston, until it sank in March of 1942 during the Battle of Sunda Strait. He was captured and interned as a prisoner of war by the Japanese. They traveled to Surabaya, Singapore and Burma, where he worked on the Thai-Burma Railroad. He recalls the Red Cross Package drop in June of 1945, and liberation in September. He returned to the US and was discharged in September of 1945.
Date: March 1, 2002
Creator: Kelly, Harry
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History