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360 Degree Photography to Decrease Exposure, Increase Safety & Minimize Waste (open access)

360 Degree Photography to Decrease Exposure, Increase Safety & Minimize Waste

High-resolution digital cameras, in conjunction with software techniques. make possible 360{sup o} photos that allow a person to look all around, up and dawn, and zoom in or out. The software provides the opportunity to attach other information to a 360{sup o} photo such as sound tiles, flat photos (providing additional detail about what is behind a panel or around a corner) and text (Information which can be used to show radiological conditions or identify other hazards not readily visible). The software also allows other 360{sup o} photos to be attached creating a virtual tour where the user can move from area to area, and stop, study and zoom in on areas of interest. A virtual tour of a building or room can be used for facility documentation, informing management and others, work planning and orientation, and training, thus minimizing the need to re-enter hazardous radioactive areas. Reducing entries decreases exposure, increases safety and minimizes waste.
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: LeBaron, G. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
2000 Census: Complete Costs of Coverage Evaluation Programs Are Not Available (open access)

2000 Census: Complete Costs of Coverage Evaluation Programs Are Not Available

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "To assess the quality of the population data collected in the 2000 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau conducted the Accuracy and Coverage Evaluation (A.C.E.) program, which focused on a survey of housing units designed to estimate the number of people missed, counted more than once, or otherwise improperly counted in the census. GAO reviewed the life cycle costs of the A.C.E. program and its predecessor, the Integrated Coverage Measurement (ICM) program. GAO found that the original estimated cycle costs of conducting the ICM/A.C.E. programs were $400 million. The first evidence for the original $400 million estimate is in the original budget justifications for fiscal year 2000. The bureau based its estimates of ICM/A.C.E. costs on assumptions about the needs for personnel and benefits, contractual services, travel, office space, equipment, and other costs necessary to conduct and support operations of the programs. The budgeted amounts that GAO identified from bureau records for conducting the ICM/A.C.E. programs are $277 million through fiscal year 2003. The obligated costs that GAO identified from bureau records for conducting the ICM/A.C.E. programs are $207 million through fiscal year 2001. $58 million of …
Date: October 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2000 Census: Lessons Learned for Planning a More Cost-Effective 2010 Census (open access)

2000 Census: Lessons Learned for Planning a More Cost-Effective 2010 Census

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "GAO reviewed the funding of 2000 Census planning and development efforts and the impact it had on census operations. Total funding for the 2000 Census, referred to as the life cycle cost, covers a 13-year period from fiscal year 1991 through fiscal year 2003 and is expected to total $6.5 billion adjusted to 2000 year dollars. This amount was almost double the reported life cycle cost of the 1990 Census of $3.3 billion adjusted to 2000 year dollars. Considering these escalating costs, the experience of the U.S. Census Bureau in preparing for the 2000 Census offers valuable insights for the planning and development efforts now occurring for the 2010 Census. Thorough and comprehensive planning and development efforts are crucial to the ultimate efficiency and success of any large, long-term project, particularly one with the scope, magnitude, and the deadlines of the U.S. decennial census. For fiscal years 1991 through 1997, $269 million was requested in the President's Budgets for 2000 Census planning and development and the program received funding of $224 million by Congress, or 83 percent of the amount requested. According to U.S. Census Bureau …
Date: October 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator-Based Surface Chemistry by Combined Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOF-MS) and Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) (open access)

Accelerator-Based Surface Chemistry by Combined Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOF-MS) and Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE)

We describe the development of a new capability for performing microscopic chemical analysis in the near surface of a sample. The technology uses a focused high-energy ion beam from an accelerator to cause characteristic elemental x-rays to be emitted and, simultaneously, molecules and fragments to be desorbed from the surface of the sample. Spectroscopic analysis of the fluoresced x-rays provides quantitative trace element information of the sample volume probed by the beam. The elemental data are subsequently used to identify peaks in the mass analysis of the desorbed species, thereby providing a detailed description of the local surface chemistry. High-resolution (micron-scale) chemical imaging is possible by scanning the beam over the sample.
Date: May 31, 2002
Creator: Morse, D. H.; Grant, P. G.; Antolak, A. J.; Sproch, N. & Fernando, Q.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accurate estimation of the RMS emittance from single current amplifier data (open access)

Accurate estimation of the RMS emittance from single current amplifier data

This paper presents the SCUBEEx rms emittance analysis, a self-consistent, unbiased elliptical exclusion method, which combines traditional data-reduction methods with statistical methods to obtain accurate estimates for the rms emittance. Rather than considering individual data, the method tracks the average current density outside a well-selected, variable boundary to separate the measured beam halo from the background. The average outside current density is assumed to be part of a uniform background and not part of the particle beam. Therefore the average outside current is subtracted from the data before evaluating the rms emittance within the boundary. As the boundary area is increased, the average outside current and the inside rms emittance form plateaus when all data containing part of the particle beam are inside the boundary. These plateaus mark the smallest acceptable exclusion boundary and provide unbiased estimates for the average background and the rms emittance. Small, trendless variations within the plateaus allow for determining the uncertainties of the estimates caused by variations of the measured background outside the smallest acceptable exclusion boundary. The robustness of the method is established with complementary variations of the exclusion boundary. This paper presents a detailed comparison between traditional data reduction methods and SCUBEEx by …
Date: May 31, 2002
Creator: Stockli, Martin P.; Welton, R. F.; Keller, R.; Letchford, A. P.; Thomae, R. W. & Thomason, J. W. G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive Tracking of Atmospheric Releases (open access)

Adaptive Tracking of Atmospheric Releases

When dangerous chemical or biological releases occur in the atmosphere, emergency responders and decision makers must assess exposure rates to the affected population, establish evacuation routes, and allocate medical resources We have been working to improve the scientific basis for making such decisions. We believe that future rapid response teams, from LLNI, and other centers of expertise, will use a variety of atmospheric sensors and atmospheric computer models to predict and characterize the movement of chemical or biological releases in urban environments, and that LLNL is likely to contribute expertise in this area. A key advance will be to merge the information and capabilities of computer models with real-time atmospheric data from sensors. The resulting product will dynamically interpolate and extrapolate the raw sensor data into a coordinated ''picture'' or interpretation of the developing flow scenario. The scientific focus of the project was the exploration and development of algorithms to fuse lidar data (which measure wind speed much as a police radar measures vehicle speed) and a dispersion model into a single system. Our goal was to provide the scientific foundation for a combined lidar/model approach capable of accurately tracking the evolution of atmospheric releases on distance scales of about …
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: Larson, D & Calhoun, R
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Advanced Fracture Characterization and Well Path Navigation System for Effective Re-Development and Enhancement of Ultimate Recovery From the Complex Monterey Reservoir of South Ellwood Field, Offshore California, Quarterly Report: October - December 2001 (open access)

An Advanced Fracture Characterization and Well Path Navigation System for Effective Re-Development and Enhancement of Ultimate Recovery From the Complex Monterey Reservoir of South Ellwood Field, Offshore California, Quarterly Report: October - December 2001

Venoco Inc, intends to re-develop the Monterey Formation, a Class III basin reservoir, at South Ellwood Field, Offshore Santa Barbara, California. Well productivity in this field varies significantly. Cumulative Monterey production for individual wells has ranged from 260 STB to 8,700,000 STB. Productivity is primarily affected by how well the well path connects with the local fracture system and the degree of aquifer support. Cumulative oil recovery to date is a small percentage of the original oil in place. To embark upon successful re-development and to optimize reservoir management, Venoco intends to investigate, map and characterize field fracture patterns and the reservoir conduit system. State of the art borehole imaging technologies including FMI, dipole sonic and cross-well seismic, interference tests and production logs will be employed to characterize fractures and micro faults. These data along with the existing database will be used for construction of a novel geologic model of the fracture network. Development of an innovative fracture network reservoir simulator is proposed to monitor and manage the aquifer's role in pressure maintenance and water production. The new fracture simulation model will be used for both planning optimal paths for new wells and improving ultimate recovery. In the second phase …
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: Horner, Steve & Ershaghi, Iraj
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ADVANCED HYDROGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANES FOR VISION 21 FOSSIL FUEL PLANTS (open access)

ADVANCED HYDROGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANES FOR VISION 21 FOSSIL FUEL PLANTS

None
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: Roark, Shane E.; Sammells, Tony F.; Mackay, Richard A.; Pitzman, Lyrik Y.; Barton, Tom F.; Rolfe, Sara L. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Oil Recovery Technologies for Improved Recovery From Slope Basin Clastic Reservoirs, Nash Draw Brushy Canyon Pool, Eddy County, Nm (open access)

Advanced Oil Recovery Technologies for Improved Recovery From Slope Basin Clastic Reservoirs, Nash Draw Brushy Canyon Pool, Eddy County, Nm

The overall objective of this project is to demonstrate that a development program based on advanced reservoir management methods can significantly improve oil recovery at the Nash Draw Pool (NDP). The plan includes developing a control area using standard reservoir management techniques and comparing its performance to an area developed using advanced reservoir management methods. Specific goals are (1) to demonstrate that an advanced development drilling and pressure maintenance program can significantly improve oil recovery compared to existing technology applications and (2) to transfer these advanced methodologies to oil and gas producers in the Permian Basin and elsewhere throughout the U.S. oil and gas industry.
Date: December 31, 2002
Creator: Murphy, Mark B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ADVANCED SECOND GENERATION CERAMIC CANDLE FILTERS (open access)

ADVANCED SECOND GENERATION CERAMIC CANDLE FILTERS

Through sponsorship from the Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL), development and manufacture of advanced second generation candle filters was undertaken in the early 1990's. Efforts were primarily focused on the manufacture of fracture toughened, 1.5 m, continuous fiber ceramic composite (CFCC) and filament wound candle filters by 3M, McDermott, DuPont Lanxide Composites, and Techniweave. In order to demonstrate long-term thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability of the advanced second generation candle filter materials, Siemens Westinghouse initiated high temperature, bench-scale, corrosion testing of 3M's CVI-SiC and DuPont's PRD-66 mini-candles, and DuPont's CFCC SiC-SiC and IF&P Fibrosic{sup TM} coupons under simulated, pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) conditions. This effort was followed by an evaluation of the mechanical and filtration performance of the advanced second generation filter elements in Siemens Westinghouse's bench-scale PFBC test facility in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Arrays of 1.4-1.5 m 3M CVI-SiC, DuPont PRD-66, DuPont SiC-SiC, and IF&P Fibrosic{sup TM} candles were subjected to steady state process operating conditions, increased severity thermal transients, and accelerated pulse cycling test campaigns which represented {approx}1760 hours of equivalent filter operating life. Siemens Westinghouse subsequently participated in early material surveillance programs which marked entry of the 3M CVI-SiC and DuPont PRD-66 candle filters in …
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: Alvin, M. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agitator Mixing Analysis in a HB-Line Flat Tank (open access)

Agitator Mixing Analysis in a HB-Line Flat Tank

In support of the HB-Line Engineering agitator mixing project, flow pattern calculations have been made for a 45 degrees pitched three-blade agitator submerged in a flat rectangular tank. The work is intended to determine agitator speeds that provide acceptable mixing performance for various tank liquid levels based on flow rates past solids deposited on the bottom surface of the flat tank. The modeling results will help ensure the acceptable suspension of solid particles as a function of agitator speed and tank liquid level during precipitation operations. The numerical modeling and calculations have been performed using a computational fluid dynamics approach. Three-dimensional steady-state momentum and continuity equations were used as the basic equations to estimate fluid motion driven by an agitator with three 45 degrees pitched blades. Hydraulic conditions were fully turbulent (Reynolds number about 2x104). A standard two-equation turbulence model (k-e), was used to capture turbulent eddy motion. The commercial finite volume code, Fluent [7], was used to create a prototypic geometry file with a non-orthogonal mesh. Hybrid meshing was used to fill the computational region between the round-edged tank bottom and agitator regions. At high rotational speeds and low tank levels, a surface vortex can reach the agitator blades …
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Lee, Si Young
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Export and Food Aid Programs (open access)

Agricultural Export and Food Aid Programs

This report discusses projected agricultural imports and exports for FY2002, as well as legislation that deals with federal programs in support of agricultural exports and federal aid dedicated to farms and agricultural reform.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States (open access)

Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States

The European Union (EU), comprised of 15 member states (countries), is one of the United States’ chief agricultural trading partners and also a major competitor in world markets. Both heavily support their agricultural sectors, with a large share of such support concentrated on wheat, feed grains, cotton, oilseeds, sugar, dairy, and tobacco. However, the EU provides more extensive support to a broader range of farm and food products. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the EU and United States in 2001 together accounted for nearly two-thirds of all government support to agriculture among the major developed economies. However, EU agricultural spending generally is much higher than in the United States. Information comparing how the U.S. and EU governments support their producers is expected to be of interest to policymakers while negotiations are underway among world trading partners to further reform agricultural trade.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Air Traffic Control: Impact of Revised Personnel Relocation Policies Is Uncertain (open access)

Air Traffic Control: Impact of Revised Personnel Relocation Policies Is Uncertain

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "In fiscal year 2001, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) spent more than $15 million to move air traffic controllers and their managers to new permanent duty locations. FAA classifies the funds that it spends for these moves as permanent change of station (PCS) benefits. In 1998, as part of a broader effort to reform its personnel policies, FAA changed its policies on PCS benefits. Instead of fully reimbursing the costs of all PCS moves and prohibiting unfunded PCS moves, as it once did, FAA now determines the amount of PCS benefits to be offered on a position-by-position basis and allows employees and managers to move at their own expense. Under its new polices, FAA can fully reimburse the costs of a move if it determines that he move is in the interest of the government, or it can offer partial fixed relocation benefits if it determines that the agency will derive some benefit from the move. FAA's policies on eligibility for PCS benefits are the same for air traffic controllers and their managers, but the amounts of the benefits vary. According to these policies, eligibility depends …
Date: October 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
AISI/DOE Advanced Process Control Program Vol. 1 of 6: Optical Sensors and Controls for Improved Basic Oxygen Furnace Operations (open access)

AISI/DOE Advanced Process Control Program Vol. 1 of 6: Optical Sensors and Controls for Improved Basic Oxygen Furnace Operations

The development of an optical sensor for basic oxygen furnace (BOF) off-gas composition and temperature in this Advanced Process Control project has been a laboratory spectroscopic method evolve into a pre-commercialization prototype sensor system. The sensor simultaneously detects an infrared tunable diode laser ITDL beam transmitted through the process off-gas directly above the furnace mouth, and the infrared greybody emission from the particulate-laden off-gas stream. Following developmental laboratory and field-testing, the sensor prototype was successfully tested in four long-term field trials at Bethlehem Steel's Sparrows Point plant in Baltimore, MD> The resulting optical data were analyzed and reveal correlations with four important process variables: (1) bath turndown temperature; (2) carbon monoxide post-combustion control; (2) bath carbon concentration; and (4) furnace slopping behavior. The optical sensor measurement of the off-gas temperature is modestly correlated with bath turndown temperature. A detailed regression analysis of over 200 heats suggests that a dynamic control level of +25 Degree F can be attained with a stand-alone laser-based optical sensor. The ability to track off-gas temperatures to control post-combustion lance practice is also demonstrated, and may be of great use in optimizing post-combustion efficiency in electric furnace steelmaking operations. In addition to the laser-based absorption spectroscopy …
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: Allendorf, Sarah; Ottesen, David & Hardesty, Donald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
AISI/DOE Technology Roadmap Program: Cold Work Embrittlement of Interstitial Free Steel (open access)

AISI/DOE Technology Roadmap Program: Cold Work Embrittlement of Interstitial Free Steel

This work addresses the issues of measurement of secondary cold work embrittlement (SCWE) of an IF steel in deep-drawn parts using laboratory tests, and its correlation with real part fracture. It aimed at evaluating the influence of the steel chemistry and processing condition, microstructure, and test conditions, on SCWE as well as the effect of SCWE on fatigue properties. Size 6-in. cups produced with various draw ratios or trimmed at different heights were tested to determine the ductile-to-brittle-transition temperature (DBTT) as a function of strain. The 2-in. cup/expansion test, bend test and fracture of notched specimens were also used to generate information complementary to that provided by the 6-inch cup/expansion test. The relationship between laboratory tests and fracture in real parts was established by testing large-scale parts. The fatigue behavior was investigated in the as-rolled and deep drawn (high stain) conditions, using prestrained specimens taken from the wall of a formed part.
Date: October 31, 2002
Creator: Bowker, John T & Martin, Pierre
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
AISI/DOE Technology Roadmap Program: TRP 9732Steel Processing Properties and Their Effect on Impact Deformation of Lightweight Structures (open access)

AISI/DOE Technology Roadmap Program: TRP 9732Steel Processing Properties and Their Effect on Impact Deformation of Lightweight Structures

The objective of the research was to perform a comprehensive computational analysis of the effects of material and process modeling approaches on performance of Ultra Light Steel Auto Body (ULSAB) vehicle models. The research addressed numerous material related effects, impact conditions as well as analyzed the performance of the ULSAB vehicles in crashes against designs representing the current US vehicle fleet. Crash modeling simulations show a clear effect of strain-rate sensitivity on high strength steel (HSS) intensive vehicle. The influence of a strain-rate model can be an incremental sensitivity due to the increased flow stress when similar structure collapse modes are predicted. However, significant differences in crash energy management capacity can be predicted if the change in loading on members alters the predicted collapse mode of the structure. From the material substitution study it can be concluded that HSS material substitution cannot be performed on the basis of the material yield point only and that, especially for advanced HSS vehicle designs, the entire region of material plastic response has to be considered. However, the problem of modeling of the overall dynamic crush process still remains open and requires further experimental and theoretical investigation. Crash modeling simulations show a moderate effect …
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: Simunovic, Srdan & Aramayo, Gustavo
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 126, No. 35, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 31, 2002 (open access)

The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 126, No. 35, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 31, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Albany, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: Lucas, Melinda L.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 22, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 31, 2002 (open access)

The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 22, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 31, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Albany, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date: October 31, 2002
Creator: Lucas, Melinda L.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Alternative Fuels and Chemicals From Synthesis Gas Technical Progress Report: Number 30 (open access)

Alternative Fuels and Chemicals From Synthesis Gas Technical Progress Report: Number 30

The overall objectives of this program are to investigate potential technologies for the conversion of synthesis gas to oxygenated and hydrocarbon fuels and industrial chemicals, and to demonstrate the most promising technologies at DOE's LaPorte, Texas, Slurry Phase Alternative Fuels Development Unit (AFDU). The program will involve a continuation of the work performed under the Alternative Fuels from Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas Program and will draw upon information and technologies generated in parallel current and future DOE-funded contracts.
Date: March 31, 2002
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 103, No. 287, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 31, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 103, No. 287, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 31, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 13, Ed. 1 Sunday, March 31, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 13, Ed. 1 Sunday, March 31, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 31, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 65, Ed. 1 Friday, May 31, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 65, Ed. 1 Friday, May 31, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 31, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 117, Ed. 1 Wednesday, July 31, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 117, Ed. 1 Wednesday, July 31, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History