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Addressing the challenges posed by global climate change will eventually require the active participation of all industrial sectors and consumers on the planet. To date, however, most efforts to address climate change have focused on only a few sectors of the economy (e.g., refineries and fossil-fired electric power plants) and a handful of large industrialized nations. While useful as a starting point, these efforts must be expanded to include other sectors of the economy and other nations. The transportation sector presents some unique challenges, with its nearly exclusive dependence on petroleum based products as a fuel source coupled with internal combustion engines as the prime mover. Reducing carbon emissions from transportation systems is unlikely to be solely accomplished by traditional climate mitigation policies that place a price on carbon. Our research shows that price signals alone are unlikely to fundamentally alter the demand for energy services or to transform the way energy services are provided in the transportation sector. We believe that a technological revolution will be necessary to accomplish the significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector.

The study of ionization cooling considered for muon colliders requires a full 6D treatment because of the need to exchange the longitudinal and transverse emittances. A general cooling channel consists of solenoids and quadrupoles for focusing, dipoles to generate dispersion, wedge absorbers for cooling and emittance exchange, and rf cavities for reacceleration. The quadrupole strengths can be adjusted so that the net focusing is cylindrically symmetric. The beam moments in such a system are completely specified in terms of five generalized emittances. We derive a set of coupled first-order differential equations describing the evolution of the generalized emittances due to the damping and excitation processes. The framework for lattice design is considered.

A metallic waste form alloy that consists primarily of stainless steel and zirconium is being developed by Argonne National Laboratory to contain metallic waste constituents that are residual from an electrometallurgical treatment process for spent nuclear fuel. An approach for monitoring the consistency of metallic waste forms (MWFs) is developed based on consideration of the intent of regulatory requirements, production method, measured physical and chemical properties of the MWF, and analytical capabilities. It is recommended that the Zr content of the MWF be measured and tracked to monitor consistency because the Zr content: (1) provides a measure of the amount of the Zr(Fe,Ni,Cr){sub 2+x} intermetallic phase, which sequesters the majority of radionuclides in the MWF and affects its physical robustness and (2) indicates that the desired Fe-Zr eutectic was obtained, which provides a direct indicator that the appropriate process conditions (time, temperature) were employed. It is recommended that the Zr content be measured by chemical analyses of drill shavings taken from the MWF products.

A new power plant design has the goal of making major improvements in cost and ease of operation over previous designs. Improvements in the way information is organized and presented to control room operators based on established Human Factors Engineering (HFE) criteria is key to achieving these goals. An overview of the process and methods being employed in an ongoing design effort will be discussed, including the ways in which current Human Factors guidance is being applied in a unique operating environment.

A photoinjector based on a higher-order mode (HOM) rf cavity presents several potential advantages over traditional photoinjector designs. These include ease of fabrication, tuning stability, and the possibility of achieving higher accelerating gradients. Since the initial proposal [1], the design has evolved towards lower rf power requirements but still maintains the ability to generate very high-quality electron beams. This paper presents the results of beam dynamics studies on a HOM-based photoinjector roughly equivalent to the SLAC/BNL/UCLA-style 1.6-cell S-band photoinjector [2]. Best-beam property numbers are obtained via simplex optimization, and parameter sensitivity studies are presented. Results are given for idealized as well as typical drive laser profiles.

The Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment (STEX) has been developed to quantify the violence of thermal explosion under well defined and carefully controlled initial and boundary conditions. Here we present results with HMX-based explosives (LX-04 and PBX-9501) and with Composition B. Samples are 2 inches (50 mm) in diameter and 8 inches (200 mm) in length, under confinement of 7,500-30,000 psi (50-200 MPa), with heating rates of 1-3 C/hr. We quantify reaction violence by measuring the wall velocity in the ensuing thermal explosion, and relate the measured velocity to that expected from a detonation. Results with HMX-based explosives (LX-04 and PBX-9501) have shown the importance of confinement and HMX solid phase, with reaction violence ranging from mild pressure bursts to near detonations. By contrast, Composition B has shown very violent reactions over a wide range of conditions.

A weld energy monitor has been developed to measure electrical energy delivered to resistance welds. The monitor combines the measurement of voltage, current, and time into an energy measurement with accuracy traceable to the National Bureau of Standards. This paper discusses this development.