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Grade-Level Retention in Texas Public Schools: 1999-2000
Annual report of compiled data regarding student retention in Texas public schools, broken down by grade levels, various demographic criteria, and participation in special programs, as well as information regarding data collection and analysis.
Date:
July 2002
Creator:
Texas Education Agency. Division of Research and Evaluation.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Texas Racing Commission Annual Report: 2001
Annual report of the Texas Racing Commission describing goals, activities, and accomplishments during fiscal year 2001
Date:
July 17, 2002
Creator:
Texas Racing Commission
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Reconciliation Report
Reconciliation report with an ending account balance of $1,247.07 reconciled for the period ending on June 28, 2002.
Date:
July 14, 2002
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of the Radiochemistry of Near-Field Water Samples at the Nevada Test Site Applied to the Definition of a Hydrologic Source Term
Effective management of available groundwater resources and strategies for remediation of water impacted by past nuclear testing practices depend on knowledge about the migration of radionuclides in groundwater away from the sites of the explosions. A primary concern is to assess the relative mobilities of the different radionuclide species found near sites of underground nuclear tests and to determine the concentration, extent, and speed of this movement. Ultimately the long term transport behavior of radionuclides with half-lives long enough that they will persist for decades, their interaction with groundwater, and the resulting flux of these contaminants is of paramount importance. As part of a comprehensive approach to these assessments, more than three decades of site-specific sites studies have been undertaken at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) which have focused on the means responsible for the observed or suspected movement of radionuclides away from underground nuclear tests (RNM, 1983). More recently regional and local models of groundwater flow and radionuclide transport have been developed as part of a federal and state of Nevada program to assess the long-term effects of underground nuclear testing on human health and environment (e.g., U.S. DOE/NV, 1997a; Tompson et al., 1999; Pawloski et al., 2001). Necessary …
Date:
July 5, 2002
Creator:
Smith, D K
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Review of Excess Weapons Plutonium Disposition LLNL Contract Work in Russia-(English)
This third meeting of the recently completed and ongoing Russian plutonium immobilization contract work was held at the State Education Center (SEC) in St. Petersburg on January 14-18, 2002. The meeting agenda is reprinted here as Appendix A and the attendance list as Appendix B. The meeting had 58 Russian participants from 21 Russian organizations, including the industrial sites (Mayak, Krasonayarsk-26, Tomsk), scientific institutes (VNIINM, KRI, VNIPIPT, RIAR), design organizations (VNIPIET and GSPI), universities (Nyzhny Novgorod, Urals Technical), Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Physical Chemistry or IPhCh, Institute of Ore-Deposit Geology, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry or IGEM), Radon-Moscow, S&TC Podol'osk, Kharkov-Ukraine, GAN-SEC-NRS and SNIIChM, the RF Ministry of Atomic Energy (Minatom) and Gosatomnadzor (GAN). This volume, published by LLNL, documents this third annual meeting. Forty-nine technical papers were presented by the Russian participants, and nearly all of these have been collected in this Proceedings. The two objectives for the meeting were to: (1) Bring together the Russian organizations, experts, and managers performing this contract work into one place for four days to review and discuss their work amongst each other. (2) Publish a meeting summary and proceedings of all the excellent Russian plutonium immobilization and other plutonium disposition contract …
Date:
July 11, 2002
Creator:
Jardine, L & Borisov, G B
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Safety Report for Raman Spectroscopy: Safety Evaluation and Search Algorithm Enhancement
This study determines safety hazards associated with using a 300-mW 785-nm near-IR Raman laser for sample analysis. Most safety concerns are associated with excessive sample heating resulting from sample illumination. Thermography experiments were designed to quantitatively assess which visible surface colors heat most when exposed to the Raman laser. Temperatures achieved after illuminating 216 color patches with the unfocussed laser are presented. Figures contained in this report allow a field agent to rapidly determine the thermal hazards associated with Raman analysis of unknown colored samples. Dark colors tended to heat the most when exposed to the Raman laser. Studies were also conducted with a flammable organic solvent mixed with a near-IR absorbing dye to evaluate the magnitude of solution heating. Heating was minimal and Raman analysis was not considered a likely ignition hazard. The next series of experiments examined the tendency of propellants and military explosives, as well as mixtures of these explosives with IR-opaque dyes or matrix materials, to deflagrate upon illumination. All neat military explosives studied and most mixtures could be analyzed safely; however, an occasional mixture exhibited self-sustained deflagration, emphasizing safety hazards exist. Safety protocols include assessing the thermal consequences of sample analysis by referencing the thermography …
Date:
July 5, 2002
Creator:
Harvey, Scott D. & Wright, Bob W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Efficiency of Scintillator Materials in the Energy Range 8.0-32.0 keV
X-ray microtomography requires the measurement of x-ray attenuation along ray paths through a specimen, and on the inversion of these data to obtain a spatially resolved mapping of the microstructure of the specimen. To do this efficiently, two-dimensional array detectors are often used to measure the transmitted x-rays by capturing and recording each x-ray incident on the detector. The highest resolution CT instruments perform this by converting the incident x-rays to visible light, and then focusing this light onto a charge-coupled-device (CCD) detector. The light output of the scintillator (photons per incident x-ray), the numerical aperture of the optical lens system, and the quantum efficiency of the CCD govern the efficiency of the detection process. Several years earlier, our group performed an investigation aimed at determining the best scintillator material for high-resolution synchrotron CT. The selection criteria included light output in the 8-32 keV energy range, the spatial resolution of the scintillator, the wavelength of the scintillation radiation, and the stability and ease of polishing of the scintillator. A list of the scintillators that we considered, with the exceptions of the more recently developed glass scintillators, is provided in Table 1. Among these scintillators, we concluded that single crystal cadmium …
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
Kinney, J H & Haupt, D L
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Engineering Technology Reports, Volume 1: Laboratory Directed Research and Development FY01
None
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
Lane, M
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Engineering Technology Reports, Volume 2: Technology Base FY01
Engineering has touched on every challenge, every accomplishment, and every endeavor of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory during its fifty-year history. In this time of transition to new leadership, Engineering continues to be central to the mission of the Laboratory, returning to the tradition and core values of E.O. Lawrence: science-based engineering--turning scientific concepts into reality. This volume of Engineering Technical Reports summarizes progress on the projects funded for technology-base efforts. Technology-base projects effect the natural transition to reduction-to-practice of scientific or engineering methods that are well understood and established. They represent discipline-oriented, core competency activities that are multi-programmatic in application, nature, and scope. Objectives of technology-base funding include: (1) the development and enhancement of tools and processes to provide Engineering support capability, such as code maintenance and improved fabrication methods; (2) the support of Engineering science and technology infrastructure, such as the installation or integration of a new capability; (3) support for technical and administrative leadership through our technology Centers; (4) the initial scoping and exploration of selected technology areas with high strategic potential, such as assessment of university, laboratory, and industrial partnerships.
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
Minichino, C & Meeker, D
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solution Based Deposition of Polyimide Ablators for NIF Capsules
Between June 1997 and March 2002 Luxel Corporation was contracted to explore the possibility of preparing NIF scale capsules with polyimide ablators using solution-based techniques. This work offered a potential alternative to a vapor deposition approach talking place at LLNL. The motivation for pursuing the solution-based approach was primarily two-fold. First, it was expected that much higher strength capsules (relative to vapor deposition) could be prepared since the solution precursors were known to produce high strength films. Second, in applying the ablator as a fluid it was expected that surface tension effects would lead to very smooth surfaces. These potential advantages were offset by expected difficulties, primary among them that the capsules would need to be levitated in some fashion (for example acoustically) during coating and processing, and that application of the coating uniformly to thicknesses of 150 pm on levitated capsules would be difficult. Because of the expected problems with the coupling of levitation and coating, most of the initial effort was to develop coating and processing techniques on stalk-mounted capsules. The program had some success. Using atomizer spray techniques in which application of {approx}5 {micro}m fluid coatings were alternated with heating to remove solvent resulted in up to …
Date:
July 11, 2002
Creator:
Cook, R
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laminar Validation Cases for the Incompressible Flow Model in ALE3D
To benchmark the incompressible flow model in ALE3D, two test cases are conducted. The first case of two-dimensional flow over a flat plate is selected because it provides a straightforward example to determine whether or not ALE3D can grow a boundary layer by viscous diffusion. The benefit of the flat plate problem is that under certain conditions, the governing Navier-Stokes equations can be simplified and solved with numerical techniques, providing an independent result that can be compared with the solution from ALE3D. The second test case is that of two-dimensional, laminar flow about a circular cylinder. This test case is selected because it provides the complexity of an unsteady bluff-body wake in which vorticity is periodically shed from the surface of the cylinder. Since this canonical flow problem has been studied extensively both experimentally and computationally, the results from ALE3D can be compared with those presented in the literature. The results for the flat plate case demonstrate that the implicit time integration scheme results in an approximate twenty-four-fold reduction of the simulation time over that of the explicit time integration scheme. On the other hand, a problematic trend is observed in the explicit time integration scheme used in the flat …
Date:
July 16, 2002
Creator:
Ortega, J
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Determination of Swimming Speeds and Energetic Demands of Upriver Migrating Fall Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Klickitat River, Washington
This report describes a field study by PNNL for Bonneville Power Administration in fall 2001 to study the migration and energy use of adult fall chinook salmon traveling up the Klickitat River to spawn. The salmon were tagged with surgically implanted electromyogram transmitters or gastrically implanted coded transmitters. Swim speed and aerobic and anaerobic energy use were determined for the fish as they attempted to pass three waterfalls on the lower Klickitat and as they traversed free-flowing stretches between and below the falls. Of the 35 EMG-tagged fish released near the mouth of the Klickitat, 40% passed the first falls, 36% passed the second falls, and 20% reached Lyle Falls but were unable to leap over. Mean swimming speeds ranged from as low as 52.6 cm/sec between falls to as high as 158.1 cm/sec at falls passage. Fish exhibited a higher percentage of occurrences of burst swimming while passing the falls than while between falls (58.9% versus 1.7%). However, fish expended more energy swimming the stretches between the falls than during actual falls passage (52.3-236.2 kcals versus 0.3-1.1 kcals). Male-female and day-night differences in falls passage success were noted. PNNL also examined energy costs and swimming speeds for fish released …
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
Brown, Richard S. & Geist, David R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Perspectives on Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Decomposition
This report evaluates the large body of work involving the decomposition of PETN and identifies the major decomposition routes and byproducts. From these studies it becomes apparent that the PETN decomposition mechanisms and the resulting byproducts are primarily determined by the chemical environment. In the absence of water, PETN can decompose through the scission of the O-NO{sup 2} bond resulting in the formation of an alkoxy radical and NO{sub 2}. Because of the relatively high reactivity of both these initial byproducts, they are believed to drive a number of autocatalytic reactions eventually forming (NO{sub 2}OCH{sub 2}){sub 3}CCHO, (NO{sub 2}OCH{sub 2}){sub 2}C=CHONO{sub 2}, NO{sub 2}OCH=C=CHONO{sub 2}, (NO{sub 2}OCH{sub 2}){sub 3}C-NO{sub 2}, (NO{sub 2}OCH{sub 2}){sub 2}C(NO{sub 2}){sub 2}, NO{sub 2}OCH{sub 2}C(NO{sub 2}){sub 3}, and C(NO{sub 2}){sub 4} as well as polymer-like species such as di-PEHN and tri-PEON. Surprisingly, the products of many of these proposed autocatalytic reactions have never been analytically validated. Conversely, in the presence of water, PETN has been shown to decompose primarily to mono, di, and tri nitrates of pentaerythritol.
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
Chambers, D; Brackett, C & Sparkman, D O
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-Efficiency Steam Electrolyzer
We are developing a novel high-efficiency, high-temperature steam electrolyzer. Although water or steam electrolysis is well known to be one of the cleanest ways to produce hydrogen, widespread utilization is hindered by high operational costs because of high electricity consumption. To decrease the electrical power input requirements in electrolysis, our approach uses natural gas as an anode depolarizer. This approach essentially replaces one unit of electricity with one equivalent-energy unit of natural gas at much lower cost. The direct use of natural gas on the electrolyzer enables very high system efficiency with respect to primary energy. Experiments performed on single cells have shown a voltage reduction as much as 1 V when compared to conventional electrolyzers. System efficiency has been estimated to be 50 to 80%, depending on the electrolytic current density. During FY02, we have accomplished several major milestones, including the development of a metal-to-ceramic seal that withstands 150 psi differential, the fabrication of the electrolyzer tubes of up to 16 inches in length, the improvement of single tube performance and the demonstration of the first electrolyzer stack.
Date:
July 3, 2002
Creator:
Pham, A. Q.; See, E.; Lenz, D.; Martin, P. & Glass, R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Secure, Transportable, Autonomous Reactor (STAR) Concept
The Secure, Transportable, Autonomous Reactor (STAR), is a concept for a small, highly proliferation resistant, sealed-core nuclear power system with unique design features that make it appropriate for a variety of applications. STAR features include: Long lifetime sealed core installed at construction; 10 to 30 year core life, depending on design and size; No capability for on-site refueling, no user access to the fuel, no need for user to have fuel cycle technology; Reactor transported intact to the user site; Reactor core is replaced by vendor at end of life, spent fuel returns intact to supplier; Useable in remote areas for local power; Modular design for factory production to minimize cost; Simple operation with reliance on autonomous control and remote monitoring; and Robust, simple design with inherent safety features, high reliability and reduced maintenance. These features permit STAR to address a variety of potential applications, including: Deployment in developing countries with limited infrastructure; Remote/isolated location deployment (islands, oil fields, military installations, etc.); Central generation on small electric grids; Multi-unit central station use or distributed generation on large electric grids; and Alternative energy products (process heat, space heat, fresh water, hydrogen, etc.) in addition to electricity.
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
Chou, C K; Smith, C F; Brown, N W; Hassberger, J A & Halsey
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low Cost Glass and Glass-Ceramic Substrates for Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells: Final Subcontract Report, 25 January 2001
This report describes how Cornell University researchers developed several low-cost and simple barrier layers and tested their effectiveness both analytically (by SIMS) and by evaluating the electrical characteristics of devices fabricated on barrier-coated substrates. Devices fabricated included both majority-carrier devices (thin-film transistors) and minority-carrier devices (p-i-n junction diodes simulating solar cells) using various deposition techniques including the chemical vapor deposition of polysilicon from silane at low pressures (at Cornell University) and from dichlorosilane at atmospheric pressure (cooperation with Neudeck at Purdue University). The structure of the films deposited was investigated by using TEM and X-ray analysis. The performance of the minority- and majority-carrier devices fabricated on barrier-coated glass ceramic substrates was found to be identical to devices fabricated on control substrates of oxidized silicon and fused silica.
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
Ast, D.; Nemchuk, N. & Krasula, S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Review of Mid- to High-Temperature Solar Selective Absorber Materials
This report describes the concentrating solar power (CSP) systems using solar absorbers to convert concentrated sunlight to thermal electric power. It is possible to achieve solar absorber surfaces for efficient photothermal conversion having high solar absorptance (a) for solar radiation and a low thermal emittance (e) at the operational temperature. A low reflectance (?'' 0) at wavelengths (?) 3 mm and a high reflectance (?'' 1) at l 3 mm characterize spectrally selective surfaces. The operational temperature ranges of these materials for solar applications can be categorized as low temperature (T< 100 C), mid-temperature (100 C< T< 400 C), and high-temperature (T> 400 C). High- and mid-temperature applications are needed for CSP applications. For CSP applications, the ideal spectrally selective surface would be low-cost and easy to manufacture, chemically and thermally stable in air at elevated operating temperatures (T= 500 C), and have a solar absorptance= 0.98 and a thermal emittance= 0.05 at 500 C.
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
Kennedy, C. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of the Potential for the Production of Lignocellulosic Based Ethanol at Existing Corn Ethanol Facilities: Final Subcontract Report, 2 March 2000 - 30 March 2002
Subcontract report on opportunities to explore the business potential provided by converting biomass to products such as ethanol. The goals of this study were: (1) To provide the opportunity to explore the business potential provided by converting biomass to products such as ethanol. (2) To take advantage of the grain-processing infrastructure by investigating the co-location of additional biomass conversion facilities at an existing plant site.
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RCRA Groundwater Quality Assessment Report for Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Area T (January 1998 through December 2001)
This report presents the findings of continued groundwater quality assessment at Waste Management Area T in the 200 West Area of the Hanford Site. It covers January 1988 through December 2001.
Date:
July 25, 2002
Creator:
Horton, Duane G.; Hodges, Floyd N.; Johnson, V. G. & Chou, Charissa J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zero Temperature Hope Calculations
The primary purpose of the HOPE code is to calculate opacities over a wide temperature and density range. It can also produce equation of state (EOS) data. Since the experimental data at the high temperature region are scarce, comparisons of predictions with the ample zero temperature data provide a valuable physics check of the code. In this report we show a selected few examples across the periodic table. Below we give a brief general information about the physics of the HOPE code. The HOPE code is an ''average atom'' (AA) Dirac-Slater self-consistent code. The AA label in the case of finite temperature means that the one-electron levels are populated according to the Fermi statistics, at zero temperature it means that the ''aufbau'' principle works, i.e. no a priory electronic configuration is set, although it can be done. As such, it is a one-particle model (any Hartree-Fock model is a one particle model). The code is an ''ion-sphere'' model, meaning that the atom under investigation is neutral within the ion-sphere radius. Furthermore, the boundary conditions for the bound states are also set at the ion-sphere radius, which distinguishes the code from the INFERNO, OPAL and STA codes. Once the self-consistent AA …
Date:
July 26, 2002
Creator:
Rozsnyai, Balazs F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary of Chariton Valley Switchgrass Co-Fire Testing at the Ottumwa Generating Station in Chillicothe, Iowa: Milestone Completion Report
Results of the switchgrass co-firing tests conducted at the Ottumwa Generating Station in Chillicothe, Iowa as part of the Chariton Valley Biomass Project. After several years of planning, the Chariton Valley Biomass Project successfully completed two months of switchgrass co-fire testing at the Ottumwa Generating Station (OGS) in Chillicothe, Iowa. From November 30, 2000, through January 25, 2001, the switchgrass team co-fired 1,269 tons (1,151 tonnes) of switchgrass at rates up to 16.8 tons/h (15.2 tonne/h), representing about 3% heat input to the 725-MW power plant. Stack testing was completed when co-firing switchgrass and when burning only coal. Fuel and ash samples were collected for analysis, and boiler performance and emissions data were collected. Numerous improvements were made to the feed-handling equipment during testing. The co-fire testing was completed with no environmental incidents, no injuries to personnel, and no loss in electricity output from OGS. The goals of the this--the first of three rounds of co-fire tests--were: to identify the effects of co-firing on boiler performance, to measure any changes in emissions during co-firing, and to gather information to improve the design of the switchgrass handling equipment. All three of these goals were met. The design target for the switchgrass …
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
Amos, W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Longevity Tests of High-Sensitivity BD-PND Bubble Dosimeters
Medium- and very-high-sensitivity neutron bubble dosimeters (BD-PNDs) made by Bubble Technology Industries (BTI) were used to study the life span of such dosimeters in a standard setup with a {sup 252}Cf source. Although data on the longevity of bubble dosimeters with low and medium sensitivity exist, such data for dosimeters with high and very high sensitivity are not readily available. The manufacturer guarantees optimum dosimeter performance for 3 months after receipt. However, it is important to know the change in the dosimeters' characteristics with time, especially after the first 3 months. The long-term performance of four sets of very high sensitivity and one set of medium-sensitivity bubble dosimeters was examined for periods of up to 13 months. During that time, the detectors were exposed and reset more than 20 times. Although departures from initial detection sensitivity were observed in several cases, the detectors indicated a significantly longer life span than stated in the manufacturer's warranty. In addition, the change in the number of bubbles and in evaluated neutron dose as a function of the time from the end of exposure until the dosimeters were read was investigated.
Date:
July 9, 2002
Creator:
Radev, R & Carlberg, E
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Impact of 2003 Building Technology, State and Community Programs on United States Employment and Earned Income
As part of measuring the impact of government programs for improving the energy efficiency of the nation's building stock, this report uses the ImBuild II model to assess the future economic impacts of Department of Energy Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs (BTS) FY 2003 portfolio of programs, specifically the potential impact on national employment and income. The energy savings expected to be created by market penetration of the BTS programs have the potential of creating nearly 270,000 jobs and about $3.41 billion in wage income(1999$) by the year 2030.
Date:
July 8, 2002
Creator:
Scott, Michael J.; Hostick, Donna J. & Elliott, Douglas B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Verification& Validation (V&V) Guidelines and Quantitative Reliability at Confidence (QRC): Basis for an Investment Strategy
This paper represents an attempt to summarize our thoughts regarding various methods and potential guidelines for Verification and Validation (V&V) and Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) that we have observed within the broader V&V community or generated ourselves. Our goals are to evaluate these various methods, to apply them to computational simulation analyses, and integrate them into methods for Quantitative Certification techniques for the nuclear stockpile. We describe the critical nature of high quality analyses with quantified V&V, and the essential role of V&V and UQ at specified Confidence levels in evaluating system certification status. Only after V&V has contributed to UQ at confidence can rational tradeoffs of various scenarios be made. UQ of performance and safety margins for various scenarios and issues are applied in assessments of Quantified Reliability at Confidence (QRC) and we summarize with a brief description of how these V&V generated QRC quantities fold into a Value-Engineering methodology for evaluating investment strategies. V&V contributes directly to the decision process for investment, through quantification of uncertainties at confidence for margin and reliability assessments. These contributions play an even greater role in a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) environment than ever before, when reliance on simulation in the absence of …
Date:
July 17, 2002
Creator:
Logan, R W & Nitta, C K
System:
The UNT Digital Library