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Nuclear Weapons: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (open access)

Nuclear Weapons: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

This report outlines the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and related legislation. The report discusses a comprehensive test ban treaty, which is the oldest item on the nuclear arms control agenda.
Date: March 6, 2001
Creator: Medalia, Jonathan
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Compliance, Sanctions, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Iraq: Compliance, Sanctions, and U.S. Policy

This report includes information regarding Iraq, specifically compliance, sanctions, and U.S. policy. Weapons of mass destruction, human rights, and Iraqi issues with Kuwait are among topics discussed in this report.
Date: November 29, 2001
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan-U.S. Relations (open access)

Pakistan-U.S. Relations

This report includes information regarding Pakistan. Information including historical background, Pakistan and U.S. relations, and U.S. aid to Pakistan is detailed in this report.
Date: September 14, 2001
Creator: LePoer, Barbara Leitch
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intelligence Issues for Congress (open access)

Intelligence Issues for Congress

This report includes information regarding intelligence issues for Congress. Recent developments, background and analysis, and selected 106th Congress legislation are among topics discussed in this report.
Date: March 2, 2001
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Financing (open access)

Campaign Financing

This report discusses the concerns related to financing Federal election campaigning. The contents include information of the current system, campaign finance practices, and related issues, policy options.
Date: September 13, 2001
Creator: Cantor, Joseph E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Compliance, Sanctions, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Iraq: Compliance, Sanctions, and U.S. Policy

This report includes information regarding Iraq, specifically compliance, sanctions, and U.S. policy. Weapons of mass destruction, human rights, and Iraqi issues with Kuwait are among topics discussed in this report.
Date: May 29, 2001
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
System: The UNT Digital Library
Saudi Arabia: Post-War Issues and U.S. Relations (open access)

Saudi Arabia: Post-War Issues and U.S. Relations

This report includes information regarding current issues in Saudi Arabia, background to Saudi-U.S. relations, and congressional interest in Saudi Arabia
Date: August 20, 2001
Creator: Prados, Alfred B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Lumber Imports From Canada: Issues and Events (open access)

Lumber Imports From Canada: Issues and Events

None
Date: October 26, 2001
Creator: Gorte, Ross W. & Grimmett, Jeanne
System: The UNT Digital Library
Lumber Imports From Canada: Issues and Events (open access)

Lumber Imports From Canada: Issues and Events

None
Date: May 21, 2001
Creator: Gorte, Ross W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Palestinians and Middle East Peace: Issues for the United States (open access)

Palestinians and Middle East Peace: Issues for the United States

This report discusses issues for the United States regarding Palestinians and peace in the Middle East. Israeli-Palestinian negotiations, U.S. policy towards Palestinians, and the peace problem are among topics discussed in this report.
Date: May 24, 2001
Creator: Mark, Clyde
System: The UNT Digital Library
Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues (open access)

Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues

This report discusses the issue of U.S. economic assistance to sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the importance of continued assistance in light of U.S. national security and also various U.S.-led efforts to promote reform amongst African citizens themselves. U.S. assistance finds its way to Africa through a variety of channels, including the USAID-administered DA program, food aid programs, and indirect aid provided through international financial institutions and the United Nations.
Date: May 2, 2001
Creator: Copson, Raymond W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Russia (open access)

Russia

Vladimir Putin, who was catapulted into the Kremlin following Boris Yeltsin's resignation, was elected President on March 26, 2000 by a solid majority that embraced his military campaign in Chechnya. Parties backing Putin did well in the December 1999 Duma election, giving Putin a stable parliamentary majority as well. Putin has moved to strengthen the central government vis-a-vis regional leaders, to bring TV and radio under tighter state control, and to modernize the armed forces. Federal forces have suppressed large-scale military resistance in Chechnya, but face the prospect of prolonged guerilla warfare.
Date: April 19, 2001
Creator: Goldman, Stuart D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Saudi Arabia: Post-War Issues and U.S. Relations (open access)

Saudi Arabia: Post-War Issues and U.S. Relations

Saudi Arabia, a monarchy ruled by the Saudi dynasty, enjoys special importance in the international community because of its unique association with the Islamic religion and its oil wealth. Since the establishment of the modern Saudi kingdom in 1932, it has benefitted from a stable political system based on a smooth process of succession to the throne and an increasingly prosperous economy dominated by the oil sector. Decrees by King Fahd in March 1992 establishing an appointive consultative council and provincial councils and promulgating a basic law providing for certain citizens' rights could signal a gradual trend toward a more open political system.
Date: April 13, 2001
Creator: Prados, Alfred B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Exempting Food and Agriculture Products from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Status and Implementation (open access)

Exempting Food and Agriculture Products from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Status and Implementation

Falling agricultural exports and declining commodity prices led farm groups and agribusiness firms to urge the 106th Congress to pass legislation exempting foods and agricultural commodities from U.S. economic sanctions against certain countries. In completing action on the FY2001 agriculture appropriations bill, Congress codified the lifting of unilateral sanctions on commercial sales of food, agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical products to Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Sudan, and extended this policy to apply to Cuba (Title IX of H.R. 5426, as enacted by P.L. 106-387; Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000). Related provisions place financing and licensing conditions on sales to these countries. Those that apply to Cuba, though, are permanent and more restrictive than for the other countries. Other provisions give Congress the authority in the future to veto a President's proposal to impose a sanction on the sale of agricultural or medical products.
Date: March 30, 2001
Creator: Jurenas, Remy
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy (open access)

The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy

On October 7, 1994, President Clinton transmitted to the Senate the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the 1994 Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention. The package was referred to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. On November 16, 1994, the U.N. Law of the Sea Convention entered into force but without accession by the United States. The 1994 Agreement entered into force on July 28, 1996, again without U.S. ratification.
Date: February 14, 2001
Creator: Browne, Marjorie Ann
System: The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Financing (open access)

Campaign Financing

This is one report in the series of reports that discuss the campaign finance practices and related issues. Concerns over financing federal elections have become a seemingly perennial aspect of our political system, centered on the enduring issues of high campaign costs and reliance on interest groups for needed campaign funds. The report talks about the today’s paramount issues such as perceived loopholes in current law and the longstanding issues: overall costs, funding sources, and competition.
Date: January 23, 2001
Creator: Cantor, Joseph E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring (open access)

Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring

The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) and the Federal Power Act (FPA) were enacted to eliminate unfair practices and other abuses by electricity and gas holding companies by requiring federal control and regulation of interstate public utility holding companies. Comprehensive energy legislation has passed the House and Senate. The House passed H.R. 6 on April 11, 2003. On July 31, 2003, the Senate suspended debate on S. 14, inserted the text of H.R. 4 (107th Congress) as a substitute, and passed H.R. 6. A conference agreement was reached November 17, 2003, and passed by the House the next day. H.R. 6 includes an electricity title that would, in part, repeal PUHCA, would prospectively repeal the mandatory purchase requirement under PURPA, and would create an electric reliability organization. On June 15, 2004, H.R. 4503, a comprehensive energy policy bill, passed the House.
Date: September 7, 2001
Creator: Abel, Amy & Parker, Larry
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Efficiency: Budget, Oil Conservation, and Electricity Conservation Issues (open access)

Energy Efficiency: Budget, Oil Conservation, and Electricity Conservation Issues

Energy security, a major driver of federal energy efficiency programs in the past, came back into play as oil and gas prices rose late in the year 2000. Also, the electricity shortages in California have brought a new emphasis to the role that energy efficiency and energy conservation may play in dampening electricity demand.
Date: July 27, 2001
Creator: Sissine, Fred
System: The UNT Digital Library
Renewable Energy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Electricity Restructuring Issues (open access)

Renewable Energy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Electricity Restructuring Issues

Energy security, a major driver of federal energy efficiency programs in the past, came back into play as oil and gas prices rose late in the year 2000. Also, the electricity shortages in California have brought a new emphasis to the role that renewable energy may play in electricity supply.
Date: March 9, 2001
Creator: Sissine, Fred
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Tax Policy (open access)

Energy Tax Policy

President Bush has issued a comprehensive energy policy initiative, which includes limited energy tax measures; the Administration has criticized such measures as being inconsistent with its free market philosophy. Several of the issues that drove energy policy and energy tax policy during the 106th Congress are extant: 1) tax incentives to increase the supply of oil and gas; 2) energy tax issues relating to energy conservation and energy efficiency; 3) energy tax issues relating to alternative fuels; 4) energy taxes/subsidies and residential energy costs; and 5) issues relating to electricity restructuring. In addition, there are certain energy tax provisions that are either expiring or are time-sensitive that the 107th Congress may choose to take action on.
Date: August 24, 2001
Creator: Lazzari, Salvatore
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Policy: Setting the Stage for the Current Debate (open access)

Energy Policy: Setting the Stage for the Current Debate

The Bush Administration issued its plan for a national energy policy on May 16, 2001. Comprehensive energy legislation was introduced in the Senate by both parties by late March (S. 388, S. 389, S. 596, S. 597). Bills reported by several House committees (H.R. 2436, H.R. 2460, H.R. 2511, and H.R. 2587) were combined in a single bill, H.R. 4, passed by the House, August 1, 2001. The bill includes provisions that would require a reduction in light-duty truck and SUV fuel consumption, and would open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to leasing.
Date: August 13, 2001
Creator: Bamberger, Robert L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: Is CAFE Up to Standards? (open access)

Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: Is CAFE Up to Standards?

One of the least controversial provisions of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (P.L. 94-163) established corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards for new passenger cars. This report presents a brief background and analysis regarding the price of crude oil that brought into sharp focus the fuel inefficiency of U.S. automobiles. The report also discusses the previous issues and the most recent developments regarding CAFE.
Date: August 3, 2001
Creator: Bamberger, Robert L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Clean Water Act Issues in the 106th Congress (open access)

Clean Water Act Issues in the 106th Congress

In the 106th Congress, no comprehensive activity on reauthorizing the Clean Water Act occurred, although a number of individual clean water bills were enacted. Other issues have been debated recently, such as reforming the law to provide regulatory relief for industry, states and cities, and individual landowners. The debate over many of these issues highlights differing views of the Act and its implementation by some who seek to strengthen existing requirements and others who believe that costs and benefits should be more carefully weighed before additional control programs are mandated.
Date: February 23, 2001
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Role of Risk Analysis and Risk Management in Environmental Protection (open access)

The Role of Risk Analysis and Risk Management in Environmental Protection

The recent change in the leadership in the Senate affects the prospects in the 107th Congress for comprehensive legislation that would mandate increased use of risk analysis by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although the key Senate proposal for such risk legislation in the 106th Congress had bipartisan sponsorship, it was opposed by many Democrats, including party leadership. No comprehensive risk legislation has been proposed in the 107th Congress, although "unbiased" risk analysis would be required by H.R. 324, a bill to amend the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (i.e., Superfund).
Date: September 6, 2001
Creator: Schierow, Linda-Jo
System: The UNT Digital Library