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Farm Labor Shortages and Immigration Policy
This report first explains why the nexus between farm labor shortages and immigration policy has again arisen. It next examines the composition of the seasonal agricultural labor force and presents the arguments of grower and farmworker advocates concerning its adequacy relative to employer demand. The report closes with an analysis of the trends in (un)employment, time worked and wages of legal and illegal farmworkers to determine if they are consistent with the existence of a nationwide shortage of domestically available farmworkers.
Date:
September 6, 2001
Creator:
Levine, Linda
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Farm Commodity Programs: A Short Primer
This report briefly discusses programs designed to provide income support, price support, and/or supply management for approximately 20 specified agricultural commodities. USDA farm support programs represent the heart of U.S. farm policy, by virtue of their longevity – they have existed since the early 1930s – and their cost.
Date:
September 14, 2001
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change
This report discusses different perspectives used to consider issues related to the global climate change and issues related to the 1992 U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 1997 Kyoto Agreement.
Date:
September 26, 2001
Creator:
Justus, John R. & Fletcher, Susan R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Endangered Species: Difficult Choices
This report discusses issues debated in the 108th Congress while is considering various proposals to amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). Major issues in recent years have included changing the role of science in decision-making, changing the role of critical habitat, reducing conflicts with Department of Defense activities, incorporating further protection for property owners, and increasing protection of listed species, among others. In addition, many have advocated including significant changes to ESA regulations made during the Clinton Administration in the law itself.
Date:
September 5, 2001
Creator:
Buck, Eugene H.; Corn, M. Lynne & Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medical Records Privacy: Questions and Answers on the HIPAA Final Rule
This report discusses the issue facing Congress on whether to continue to support the executive branch’s prosecution of medical marijuana patients and their providers, in accordance with marijuana’s status as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, or whether to relax federal marijuana prohibition enough to permit the medical use of botanical cannabis products by seriously ill persons, especially in states that have created medical marijuana programs under state law.
Date:
September 10, 2001
Creator:
Redhead, C. Stephen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Resources in CRS Research Centers and the La Follette Congressional Reading Room
This report describes types of CRS products and a selection of the most frequently used printed and online reference sources available in the reading room and research centers for use by congressional staff. These deal with legislation and public policy; bills, congressional documents, laws, and regulations; Congress, elections, and politics; the federal government; directories of organizations, associations, corporations, state agencies, educational institutions, and the media; biographical information; data on foreign countries and international affairs; quick facts and statistics; and special collections such as quotations.
Date:
September 25, 2001
Creator:
Gerli, Merete F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Terrorism, the Future, and U.S. Foreign Policy
None
Date:
September 13, 2001
Creator:
Perl, Raphael F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Terrorism, the Future, and U.S. Foreign Policy
None
Date:
September 19, 2001
Creator:
Perl, Raphael F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Response to Terrorism: Legal Aspects of the Use of Military Force
None
Date:
September 13, 2001
Creator:
Ackerman, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
National Emergency Powers
None
Date:
September 18, 2001
Creator:
Relyea, Harold C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance
None
Date:
September 11, 2001
Creator:
Grimmett, Richard F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Financing
This is one report in the series of reports that discuss the campaign finance practices and related issues. Concerns over financing federal elections have become a seemingly perennial aspect of our political system, centered on the enduring issues of high campaign costs and reliance on interest groups for needed campaign funds. The report talks about the today’s paramount issues such as perceived loopholes in current law and the longstanding issues: overall costs, funding sources, and competition.
Date:
September 28, 2001
Creator:
Cantor, Joseph E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Finance: Constitutional and Legal Issues of Soft Money
Soft money is a major issue in the campaign finance reform debate because these generally unregulated funds are perceived as resulting from a loophole in the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA). Generally, soft money is funds that are raised and spent according to applicable state laws, which FECA prohibits from being spent directly on federal elections, but that may have an indirect influence on federal elections. This Issue Brief discusses three major types of soft money: political party soft money, corporate and labor union soft money, and soft money used for issue advocacy communications.
Date:
September 28, 2001
Creator:
Whitaker, L. Paige
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Elementary and Secondary Education: Accountability and Flexibility in Federal Aid Proposals
The 107th Congress is considering proposals to amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). Much of the debate over these proposals has been focused on issues related to state and local accountability for, and flexibility in the use of, federal aid funds. Current federal elementary and secondary education assistance programs have a broad range of accountability requirements, including: targeting of resources on specific “high need” pupil groups, localities, or schools; limitations on the authorized uses of funds; fiscal accountability requirements, such as maintenance of effort; procedural requirements, such as parental participation or equitable treatment of pupils attending non-public schools; staff qualifications; reporting; outcome; and evaluation requirements.
Date:
September 6, 2001
Creator:
Riddle, Wayne C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring
The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) and the Federal Power Act (FPA) were enacted to eliminate unfair practices and other abuses by electricity and gas holding companies by requiring federal control and regulation of interstate public utility holding companies. Comprehensive energy legislation has passed the House and Senate. The House passed H.R. 6 on April 11, 2003. On July 31, 2003, the Senate suspended debate on S. 14, inserted the text of H.R. 4 (107th Congress) as a substitute, and passed H.R. 6. A conference agreement was reached November 17, 2003, and passed by the House the next day. H.R. 6 includes an electricity title that would, in part, repeal PUHCA, would prospectively repeal the mandatory purchase requirement under PURPA, and would create an electric reliability organization. On June 15, 2004, H.R. 4503, a comprehensive energy policy bill, passed the House.
Date:
September 7, 2001
Creator:
Abel, Amy & Parker, Larry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Air Act Issues in the 107th Congress
In the early months of the 107th Congress, the most prominent air quality issue has been whether state and federal regulations designed to protect air quality have had a negative impact on energy production, and, if so, whether legislation should be enacted to temporarily or permanently relax such regulations. The early discussion focused primarily on California, but with the release of the Administration's energy policy recommendations in mid-May and subsequent congressional action, it has shifted to issues more national in scope.
Date:
September 5, 2001
Creator:
McCarthy, James E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Role of Risk Analysis and Risk Management in Environmental Protection
The recent change in the leadership in the Senate affects the prospects in the 107th Congress for comprehensive legislation that would mandate increased use of risk analysis by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although the key Senate proposal for such risk legislation in the 106th Congress had bipartisan sponsorship, it was opposed by many Democrats, including party leadership. No comprehensive risk legislation has been proposed in the 107th Congress, although "unbiased" risk analysis would be required by H.R. 324, a bill to amend the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (i.e., Superfund).
Date:
September 6, 2001
Creator:
Schierow, Linda-Jo
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues
This report discusses the issue of U.S. economic assistance to sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the importance of continued assistance in light of U.S. national security and also various U.S.-led efforts to promote reform amongst African citizens themselves. U.S. assistance finds its way to Africa through a variety of channels, including the USAID-administered DA program, food aid programs, and indirect aid provided through international financial institutions and the United Nations.
Date:
September 24, 2001
Creator:
Copson, Raymond W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program
None
Date:
September 21, 2001
Creator:
Niksch, Larry A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Russia
None
Date:
September 25, 2001
Creator:
Goldman, Stuart D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Terrorism: Near Eastern Groups and State Sponsors, 2001
None
Date:
September 10, 2001
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Computer Services Personnel: Overtime Pay Under the Fair Labor Standards Act
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA), as amended, is the primary federal statute in the area of minimum wages and overtime pay. Through administrative rulemaking, the Secretary of Labor has established two tests through which to define eligibility under the Section 13(a)(1) exemption: a duties test and an earnings test. In the 106th Congress, legislation was introduced by Representatives Andrews and Lazio that would have increased the scope of the exemption: first, by expanding the range of exempt job titles, and then, through a relative reduction in the value of the earnings threshold or test. For example, were the minimum wage increased to $6.15 per hour, as pending proposals would do, the value of the computer services exemption threshold would be 4.5 times the federal minimum wage. Ultimately, neither bill was enacted, but the issue has re-emerged as H.R. 1545 (Andrews) and H.R. 546 (Quinn).
Date:
September 18, 2001
Creator:
Whittaker, William G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recess Appointments of Federal Judges
None
Date:
September 5, 2001
Creator:
Fisher, Louis
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lobbying Congress: An Overview of Legal Provisions and Congressional Ethics Rules
None
Date:
September 14, 2001
Creator:
Maskell, Jack
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library