Cold Highly Charged Ions in a Penning Trap: Experiment and Simulation (open access)

Cold Highly Charged Ions in a Penning Trap: Experiment and Simulation

Using the LLNL EBIT/RETRAP system non-neutral plasmas of highly charged ions were produced and cooled to temperatures around one Kelvin. These strongly coupled plasmas can model white dwarf astrophysical plasmas in the laboratory. These systems may also have potential application to quantum computation. The experimental results from the last operations of the trap at Livermore are discussed. Molecular dynamics simulation results are discussed as a guide to past and future experiments. The status and future plans for RETRAP at LBNL's 88 inch Cyclotron are discussed.
Date: August 18, 2001
Creator: Holder, J P; Gruber, L; Church, D A & Schneider, D
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
ERISA Regulation of Health Plans: Fact Sheet (open access)

ERISA Regulation of Health Plans: Fact Sheet

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA, P.L. 93-406) places the regulation of employee benefit plans (including health plans) primarily under federal jurisdiction for about 124 million people. ERISA’s treatment of health plans is both complicated and confusing. ERISA has been interpreted as dividing health plans into two groups regulated differently under the law: about 54 million people are covered by self-insured plans for which the employer, rather than an insurer, assumes the risk for paying for covered services and about 70 million people are covered by purchased insurance (according to 2000 information from the Census Bureau and the Department of Labor).
Date: August 18, 2001
Creator: Chaikind, Hinda Ripps
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library