None

None

None

Monitoring population numbers is important for assessing trends and meeting various legislative mandates. However, sampling across time introduces a temporal aspect to survey design in addition to the spatial one. For instance, a sample that is initially representative may lose this attribute if there is a shift in numbers and/or spatial distribution in the underlying population that is not reflected in later sampled plots. Plot selection methods that account for this temporal variability will produce the best trend estimates. Consequently, I used simulation to compare bias and relative precision of estimates of population change among stratified and unstratified sampling designs based on permanent, temporary, and partial replacement plots under varying levels of spatial clustering, density, and temporal shifting of populations. Permanent plots produced more precise estimates of change than temporary plots across all factors. Further, permanent plots performed better than partial replacement plots except for high density (5 and 10 individuals per plot) and 25% - 50% shifts in the population. Stratified designs always produced less precise estimates of population change for all three plot selection methods, and often produced biased change estimates and greatly inflated variance estimates under sampling with partial replacement. Hence, stratification that remains fixed across time …

None

This report provides an independent assessment of information on mixed waste streams, chemical compatibility information on polymers, and standard test methods for polymer properties. It includes a technology review of mixed low-level waste (LLW) streams and material compatibilities, validation for the plan to test the compatibility of simulated mixed wastes with potential seal and liner materials, and the test plan itself. Potential packaging materials were reviewed and evaluated for compatibility with expected hazardous wastes. The chemical and physical property measurements required for testing container materials were determined. Test methodologies for evaluating compatibility were collected and reviewed for applicability. A test plan to meet US Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency requirements was developed. The expected wastes were compared with the chemical resistances of polymers, the top-ranking polymers were selected for testing, and the most applicable test methods for candidate seal and liner materials were determined. Five recommended solutions to simulate mixed LLW streams are described. The test plan includes descriptions of test materials, test procedures, data collection protocols, safety and environmental considerations, and quality assurance procedures. The recommended order of testing to be conducted is specified.

This report documents an investigation of irreversible electrical breakdown in ZnO varistors due to short pulses of high electric field and current density. For those varistors that suffer breakdown, there is a monotonic, pulse-by-pulse degradation in the switching electric field. The electrical and structural characteristics of varistors during and after breakdown are described qualitatively and quantitatively. Once breakdown is nucleated, the degradation typically follows a well-defined relationship between the number of post-initiation pulses and the degraded switching voltage. In some cases the degraded varistor has a remnant 20 {micro}m diameter hollow track showing strong evidence of once-molten ZnO. A model is developed for both electrical and thermal effects during high energy pulsing. The breakdown is assumed to start at one electrode and advance towards the other electrode as a thin filament of conductive material that grows incrementally with each successive pulse. The model is partially validated by experiments in which the varistor rod is cut at several different lengths from the electrode. Invariably one section of the cut varistor has a switching field that is not degraded while the other section(s) are heavily degraded. Based on the experiments and models of behavior during breakdown, some speculations about the nature of …

None

A Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) arc can be used to reduce the cost of a recirculating accelerator. Path length variation with energy in such an arc can limit its usefulness, however, due to phase offset at the linac. This paper examines the dynamics of the reference particle in an FFAG recirculating accelerator, and describes the limitations on the design because of path length variation with energy.

I discuss recent results from Jefferson Lab of inclusive and exclusive electroproduction experiments at Jefferson Lab. They include measurements of the spin response for protons and neutrons in the resonance region, exclusive single pion and multiple pion production to measure resonance transition multipoles, and searches for missing quark model states. A brief outlook to the new domain of Generalized Parton Distribution is given as well.

None

None

This paper provides an overview John Holland's Echo model, describes an implementation of the model, documents results from preliminary experiments using the model, and proposes further research in using Echo to study complex adaptive systems. Echo simulates the behavior of complex adaptive systems and can provide an experimental testbed for exploring theories of, and developing tools useful for analyzing these systems. Preliminary results indicate that the dynamic behavior of Echo can be used to generate interesting, time-series data that will be useful for evaluating the applicability of and developing tools, techniques, and possibly general theories, for the analysis of specific complex adaptive systems.

This report describes the 19-foot diameter blast tunnel at Sandia National Laboratories. The blast tunnel configuration consists of a 6 foot diameter by 200 foot long shock tube, a 6 foot diameter to 19 foot diameter conical expansion section that is 40 feet long, and a 19 foot diameter test section that is 65 feet long. Therefore, the total blast tunnel length is 305 feet. The development of this 19-foot diameter blast tunnel is presented. The small scale research test results using 4 inch by 8 inch diameter and 2 foot by 6 foot diameter shock tube facilities are included. Analytically predicted parameters are compared to experimentally measured blast tunnel parameters in this report. The blast tunnel parameters include distance, time, static, overpressure, stagnation pressure, dynamic pressure, reflected pressure, shock Mach number, flow Mach number, shock velocity, flow velocity, impulse, flow duration, etc. Shadowgraphs of the shock wave are included for the three different size blast tunnels.

None

None

None

None

None

A circuit that had been earlier lab-tested to eliminate multi-antenna interference in the In-mine (IM) system was fabricated, implemented and tested successfully in a system setting. An adaptive, tracking comb-filter for the through-the-earth (TTE) communications system was designed and implemented. This resulted in noticeable noise reduction. Studies for multi-channel transmission have begun.

Sky view factor ({Psi}{sub sky}) is used in radiation balance schemes for the partitioning of longwave and shortwave radiation within urban and forest canopies and complex terrain. In the urban environment, ({Psi}{sub sky}) and 1-({Psi}{sub sky}) give a measure of how much radiation penetrates the canopy and how much will be intercepted by the canopy, respectively. As part of the Oct. 2000 URBAN field Experiment in Salt Lake City (Shinn et al., 2001), photographs were taken in the downtown area at ground level shooting upwards using a fisheye lens. Utilizing image analysis and in-house processing software, ({Psi}{sub sky}) was computed for each photograph. Sky view factor was also computed from 3D building databases using the methodology developed by Ratti and Richens (1999). Although photographic methods for obtaining sky view factor are very accurate, they are time consuming to acquire. Commercial 3D building databases are becoming increasingly more available and sky view factor can be computed from them quite easily. In the future, 3D building datasets might be used to readily compute sky view factor for cities and therefore better estimates of the urban climate could be made. Comparisons of the two methods for computing sky view factor are compared in …

We present first results for masses of positive and negative parity excited baryons in lattice QCD using an O(a{sup 2}) improved gluon action and a Fat Link Irrelevant Clover (FLIC) fermion action in which only the irrelevant operators are constructed with fat links. The results are in agreement with earlier calculations of N* resonances using improved actions and exhibit a clear mass splitting between the nucleon and its chiral partner, even for the Wilson fermion action. The results also indicate a splitting between the lowest J{sup P}=1/2{sup -} states for the standard nucleon interpolating fields.

None

We have performed pulsed neutron and pulsed laser tests of a CVD diamond detector manufactured from DIAFILM, a commercial grade of CVD diamond. The laser tests were performed at the short pulse UV laser at Bechtel Nevada in Livermore, CA. The pulsed neutrons were provided by DT capsule implosions at the OMEGA laser fusion facility in Rochester, NY. From these tests, we have determined the impulse response to be 250 ps fwhm for an applied E-field of 500 V/mm. Additionally, we have determined the sensitivity to be 2.4 mA/W at 500 V/mm and 4.0 mA/W at 1000 V/mm. These values are approximately 2 to 5x times higher than those reported for natural Type IIa diamond at similar E-field and thickness (1mm). These characteristics allow us to conceive of a neutron time-of-flight current mode spectrometer based on CVD diamond. Such an instrument would sit inside the laser fusion target chamber close to target chamber center (TCC), and would record neutron spectra fast enough such that backscattered neutrons and x-rays from the target chamber wall would not be a concern. The acquired neutron spectra could then be used to extract DD fuel areal density from the downscattered secondary to secondary ratio.