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Role of Microstructural Phenomena in Magnetic Thin Films. Final Report (open access)

Role of Microstructural Phenomena in Magnetic Thin Films. Final Report

Over the period of the program we systematically varied microstructural features of magnetic thin films in an attempt to better identify the role which each feature plays in determining selected extrinsic magnetic properties. This report summarizes the results.
Date: April 30, 2001
Creator: Laughlin, D. E. & Lambeth, D. N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tanks Focus Area Site Needs Assessment - FY 2001 (open access)

Tanks Focus Area Site Needs Assessment - FY 2001

The TFA uses a systematic process for developing its annual program that draws from the tanks science and technology development needs expressed by the five DOE tank waste sites. TFA's annual program development process is iterative and involves the following steps: Collection of site needs; Needs analysis; Development of technical responses and initial prioritization; Refinement of the program for the next fiscal year; Formulation of the Corporate Review Budget (CRB); Preparation of Program Execution Guidance (PEG) for the next FY Revision of the Multiyear Program Plan (MYPP). This document describes the outcomes of the first phase of this process, from collection of site needs to the initial prioritization of technical activities. The TFA received site needs in October - December 2000. A total of 170 site needs were received, an increase of 30 over the previous year. The needs were analyzed and integrated, where appropriate. Sixty-six distinct technical responses were drafted and prioritized. In addition, seven strategic tasks were approved to compete for available funding in FY 2002 and FY 2003. Draft technical responses were prepared and provided to the TFA Site Representatives and the TFA User Steering Group (USG) for their review and comment. These responses were discussed at …
Date: April 30, 2001
Creator: Allen, Robert W.; Josephson, Gary B.; Westsik, Joseph H. & Nickola, Cheryl L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility of Isotopic Measurements: Graphite Isotopic Ratio Method (open access)

Feasibility of Isotopic Measurements: Graphite Isotopic Ratio Method

This report addresses the feasibility of the laboratory measurements of isotopic ratios for selected trace constituents in irradiated nuclear-grade graphite, based on the results of a proof-of-principal experiment completed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in 1994. The estimation of graphite fluence through measurement of isotopic ratio changes in the impurity elements in the nuclear-grade graphite is referred to as the Graphite Isotope Ratio Method (GIRM). Combined with reactor core and fuel information, GIRM measurements can be employed to estimate cumulative materials production in graphite moderated reactors. This report documents the laboratory procedures and results from the initial measurements of irradiated graphite samples. The irradiated graphite samples were obtained from the C Reactor (one of several production reactors at Hanford) and from the French G-2 Reactor located at Marcoule. Analysis of the irradiated graphite samples indicated that replicable measurements of isotope ratios could be obtained from the fluence sensitive elements of Ti, Ca, Sr, and Ba. While these impurity elements are present in the nuclear-grade graphite in very low concentrations, measurement precision was typically on the order of a few tenths of a percent to just over 1 percent. Replicability of the measurements was also very good with measured values …
Date: April 30, 2001
Creator: Wood, Thomas W.; Gerlach, David C.; Reid, Bruce D. & Morgan, W. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Experimental Investigation of Continuous-Wave Laser Ionization of Krypton (open access)

Experimental Investigation of Continuous-Wave Laser Ionization of Krypton

This report describes experimental investigations of a method that uses continuous-wave (CW) lasers to ionize selected isotopes of krypton with high isotopic selectivity. The experiments show that the ionization rate is at least a factor of 100 lower than calculated with our model that has been described in a previous report. This discrepancy may be due to a much smaller excitation cross section that expected based on previous work and/or the aberrations in the ultraviolet beam used for the first step in the excitation. Additional problems with damage to mirrors, alignment instabilities, and manufacturers halting production of key products make this approach not worth further development at this time
Date: October 30, 2001
Creator: Cannon, Bret D. & Shannon, Robert F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Light-Emitting Tag Testing in Conjunction with Testing of the Minimum Gap Runner Turbine Design at Bonneville Dam Powerhouse 1 (open access)

Light-Emitting Tag Testing in Conjunction with Testing of the Minimum Gap Runner Turbine Design at Bonneville Dam Powerhouse 1

This report describes a pilot study conducted by Tom Carlson of PNNL and Mark Weiland of MEVATEC Corp to test the feasibility of using light-emitting tags to visually track objects passing through the turbine environment of a hydroelectric dam. Light sticks were released at the blade tip, mid-blade, and hub in the MGR turbine and a Kaplan turbine at Bonneville Dam and videotaped passing thru the dam to determine visibility and object trajectories.
Date: January 30, 2001
Creator: Carlson, Thomas J. & Weiland, Mark A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Alternative Scheme for the Neutrino Factory With a High Power Proton Driver. (open access)

An Alternative Scheme for the Neutrino Factory With a High Power Proton Driver.

We describe a scheme to produce an intense and collimated beam of neutrinos for the neutrino-oscillation experiment. The scheme feature is the presence of a Proton Driver that generates a proton beam at very large power (10mA x 15GeV), considerably higher than that proposed elsewhere for this application. With this scheme, because of the high intensity of the proton beam, to produce neutrinos at the same required rates, it is sufficient to collect {pi} and {mu} mesons only around a small angle and at reduced momentum spreads. This eliminates the need for the difficult longitudinal manipulations of the protons and mesons, and of the ionization cooling that still needs to be demonstrated. It is also shown, at the end of the paper, that the Neutrino Factory here proposed can also be used as an injector for a 1 x 1 TeV{sup 2} {mu}{sup +} - {mu}{sup -} collider at large luminosity.
Date: June 30, 2001
Creator: Ruggiero, A. G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Waste Tank Size Determination for the Hanford River Protection Project Cold Test, Training, and Mockup Facility (open access)

Waste Tank Size Determination for the Hanford River Protection Project Cold Test, Training, and Mockup Facility

The objective of the study was to determine the minimum tank size for the Cold Test Facility process testing of Hanford tank waste. This facility would support retrieval of waste in 75-ft-diameter DSTs with mixer pumps and SSTs with fluidic mixers. The cold test model will use full-scale mixer pumps, transfer pumps, and equipment with simulated waste. The study evaluated the acceptability of data for a range of tank diameters and depths and included identifying how the test data would be extrapolated to predict results for a full-size tank.
Date: March 30, 2001
Creator: Onishi, Yasuo; Wells, Beric E. & Kuhn, William L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hanford Site Climatological Data Summary 2000 with Historical Data (open access)

Hanford Site Climatological Data Summary 2000 with Historical Data

This document presents the climatological data measured at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site for calendar year 2000.
Date: May 30, 2001
Creator: Hoitink, Dana J.; Burk, Kenneth W. & Ramsdell, James V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
National Synchrotron Light Source Activity Report 2000. (open access)

National Synchrotron Light Source Activity Report 2000.

None
Date: January 30, 2001
Creator: Corwin, M.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characterization Activities Conducted at the 183-DR Site in Support of an In Situ Gaseous Reduction Demonstration (open access)

Characterization Activities Conducted at the 183-DR Site in Support of an In Situ Gaseous Reduction Demonstration

In Situ Gaseous Reduction (ISGR) is a technology developed by DOE for the remediation of soil waste sites contaminated with hexavalent chromium. This document presents information associated with characterization activities conducted at the 183-DR site at Hanford, which is associated with a significant groundwater contaminant plume and was formerly a water treatment facility that utilized chromate as a corrosion inhibitor. Geotechnical and chemical data were collected during the excavation of trenches and the drilling of two vadose zone boreholes to support a possible ISGR demonstration at 183-DR. Although elevated total chromium and trace levels of hexavalent chromium were identified from one of the trenches and one of the boreholes, it appears that the boreholes missed the vadose zone contaminant source responsible for the chromium groundwater plume located downgradient of the 183-DR site. Recommendations are provided, however, for future work at 183-DR that may serve to identify the source for the groundwater plume and possibly provide an opportunity for an ISGR demonstration.
Date: March 30, 2001
Creator: Thornton, Edward C.; Gilmore, Tyler J.; Olsen, Khris B.; Schalla, Ronald & Cantrell, Kirk J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Annual Hanford Seismic Report For Fiscal Year 2001 (open access)

Annual Hanford Seismic Report For Fiscal Year 2001

This report summarizes the earthquake activity on the Hanford Site for the Fiscal year 2001
Date: November 30, 2001
Creator: Hartshorn, Donald C.; Reidel, Stephen P.; Rohay, Alan C. & Valenta, Michelle M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: Midwest Bailout] captions transcript

[News Clip: Midwest Bailout]

B-roll footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date: September 30, 2001, 5:00 p.m.
Creator: KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Video
System: The UNT Digital Library
Second Generation Advanced Reburning for High Efficiency NOx Control (open access)

Second Generation Advanced Reburning for High Efficiency NOx Control

This project develops a family of novel Second Generation Advanced Reburning (SGAR) NO{sub x} control technologies, which can achieve 95% NO{sub x} control in coal fired boilers at a significantly lower cost than Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). The conventional Advanced Reburning (AR) process integrates basic reburning and N-agent injection. The SGAR systems include six AR variants: (1) AR-Lean--injection of the N-agent and promoter along with overfire air; (2) AR-Rich--injection of N-agent and promoter into the reburning zone; (3) Multiple Injection Advanced Reburning (MIAR)--injection of N-agents and promoters both into the reburning zone and with overfire air; (4) AR-Lean + Promoted SNCR--injection of N-agents and promoters with overfire air and into the temperature zone at which Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) is effective; (5) AR-Rich + Promoted SNCR--injection of N-agents and promoters into the reburning zone and into the SNCR zone; and (6) Promoted Reburning + Promoted SNCR--basic or promoted reburning followed by basic or promoted SNCR process. The project was conducted in two phases over a five-year period. The work included a combination of analytical and experimental studies to confirm the process mechanisms, identify optimum process configurations, and develop a design methodology for full-scale applications. Phase I was conducted from October, …
Date: June 30, 2001
Creator: Zamansky, Vladimir M.; Maly, Peter M.; Lissianski, Vitali V.; Sheldon, Mark S.; Moyeda, David & Payne, Roy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characterizing the fabric of the urban environment: A case studyof Metropolitan Chicago, Illinois and Executive Summary (open access)

Characterizing the fabric of the urban environment: A case studyof Metropolitan Chicago, Illinois and Executive Summary

Urban fabric data are needed in order to estimate the impactof light-colored surfaces (roofs and pavements) and urban vegetation(trees, grass, shrubs) on the meteorology and air quality of a city, andto design effective implementation programs. In this report, we discussthe result of a semi-automatic Monte-Carlo statistical approach used todevelop data on surface-type distribution and city-fabric makeup(percentage of various surface-types) using aerial colororthophotography. The digital aerial photographs for metropolitan Chicagocovered a total of about 36 km2 (14 mi2). At 0.3m resolution, there wereapproximately 3.9 x 108 pixels of data. Four major land-use types wereexamined: commercial, industrial, residential, andtransportation/communication. On average, for the areas studied, atground level vegetation covers about 29 percent of the area (ranging 4 80percent); roofs cover about 25 percent (ranging 8 41 percent), and pavedsurfaces about 33 percent (ranging 12 59 percent). For the most part,trees shade streets, parking lots, grass, and side-walks. In commercialareas, paved surfaces cover 50 60 percent of the area. In residentialareas, on average, paved surfaces cover about 27percent of the area.Land-use/land-cover (LULC) data from the United States Geological Surveywas used to extrapolate these results from neighborhood scales tometropolitan Chicago. In an area of roughly 2500 km2, defining most ofmetropolitan Chicago, over 53 percent …
Date: October 30, 2001
Creator: Akbari, Hashem & Rose, Leanna Shea
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Combustion 2000 (open access)

Combustion 2000

This report is a presentation of work carried out on Phase II of the HIPPS program under DOE contract DE-AC22-95PC95144 from June 1995 to March 2001. The objective of this report is to emphasize the results and achievements of the program and not to archive every detail of the past six years of effort. These details are already available in the twenty-two quarterly reports previously submitted to DOE and in the final report from Phase I. The report is divided into three major foci, indicative of the three operational groupings of the program as it evolved, was restructured, or overtaken by events. In each of these areas, the results exceeded DOE goals and expectations. HIPPS Systems and Cycles (including thermodynamic cycles, power cycle alternatives, baseline plant costs and new opportunities) HITAF Components and Designs (including design of heat exchangers, materials, ash management and combustor design) Testing Program for Radiative and Convective Air Heaters (including the design and construction of the test furnace and the results of the tests) There are several topics that were part of the original program but whose importance was diminished when the contract was significantly modified. The elimination of the subsystem testing and the Phase III …
Date: June 30, 2001
Creator: Levasseur, A.; Goodstine, S.; Ruby, J.; Nawaz, M.; Senior, C.; Robson, F. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility Study II of a Muon Based Neutrino Source. (open access)

Feasibility Study II of a Muon Based Neutrino Source.

The concept of using a muon storage ring to provide a well characterized beam of muon and electron neutrinos (a Neutrino Factory) has been under study for a number of years now at various laboratories throughout the world. The physics program of a Neutrino Factoryis focused on the relatively unexplored neutrino sector. In conjunction with a detector located a suitable distance from the neutrino source, the facility would make valuable contributions to the study of neutrino masses and lepton mixing. A Neutrino Factory is expected to improve the measurement accuracy of sin{sup 2}(2{theta}{sub 23}) and {Delta}m{sup 2}{sub 32} and provide measurements of sin{sup 2}(2{theta}{sub 13}) and the sign of {Delta}m{sup 2}{sub 32}. It may also be able to measure CP violation in the lepton sector.
Date: June 30, 2001
Creator: Gallardo, J. C.; Ozaki, S.; Palmer, R. B. & Zisman, M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Enhanced Oil Recovery with Downhole Vibrations Stimulation in Osage County, Oklahoma (open access)

Enhanced Oil Recovery with Downhole Vibrations Stimulation in Osage County, Oklahoma

This Technical Quarterly Report is for the reporting period July 1, 2001 to September 30, 2001. The report provides details of the work done on the project entitled ''Enhanced Oil Recovery with Downhole Vibration Stimulation in Osage County Oklahoma''. The project is divided into nine separate tasks. Several of the tasks are being worked on simultaneously, while other tasks are dependent on earlier tasks being completed. The vibration stimulation well is permitted as Well 111-W-27, section 8 T26N R6E Osage County Oklahoma. It was spud July 28, 2001 with Goober Drilling Rig No. 3. The well was drilled to 3090-feet cored, logged, cased and cemented. The Rig No.3 moved off August 6, 2001. Phillips Petroleum Co. has begun analyzing the cores recovered from the test well. Standard porosity, permeability and saturation measurements will be conducted. They will then begin the sonic stimulation core tests Calumet Oil Company, the operator of the NBU, has begun to collect both production and injection wells information to establish a baseline for the project in the pilot field test area. Green Country Submersible Pump Company, a subsidiary of Calumet Oil Company, will provide both the surface equipment and downhole tools to allow the Downhole Vibration …
Date: September 30, 2001
Creator: Brett, J. Ford & Westermark, Robert V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Data Qualification Report: Calculated Porosity and Porosity-Derived Values for Lithostratigraphic Units for use on the Yucca Mountain Project (open access)

Data Qualification Report: Calculated Porosity and Porosity-Derived Values for Lithostratigraphic Units for use on the Yucca Mountain Project

The qualification is being completed in accordance with the Data Qualification Plan DQP-NBS-GS-000006, Rev. 00 (CRWMS M&O 2001). The purpose of this data qualification activity is to evaluate for qualification the unqualified developed input and porosity output included in Data Tracking Number (DTN) M09910POROCALC.000. The main output of the analyses documented in DTN M09910POROCALC.000 is the calculated total porosity and effective porosity for 40 Yucca Mountain Project boreholes. The porosity data are used as input to Analysis Model Report (AMR) 10040, ''Rock Properties Model'' (MDL-NBS-GS-000004, Rev. 00), Interim Change Notice [ICN] 02 (CRWMS M&O 2000b). The output from the rock properties model is used as input to numerical physical-process modeling within the context of a relationship developed in the AMR between hydraulic conductivity, bound water and zeolitic zones for use in the unsaturated zone model. In accordance with procedure AP-3.15Q, the porosity output is not used in the direct calculation of Principal Factors for post-closure safety or disruptive events. The original source for DTN M09910POROCALC.000 is a Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System (CRWMS) Management and Operating Contractor (M&O) report, ''Combined Porosity from Geophysical Logs'' (CRWMS M&O 1999a and hereafter referred to as Rael 1999). That report recalculated porosity results for …
Date: May 30, 2001
Creator: Sanchez, P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
American Electric Power's Conesville Power Plant Unit No. 5 CO2 Capture Retrofit Study (open access)

American Electric Power's Conesville Power Plant Unit No. 5 CO2 Capture Retrofit Study

ALSTOM Power Inc.'s Power Plant Laboratories (ALSTOM) has teamed with American Electric Power (AEP), ABB Lummus Global Inc. (ABB), the US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE NETL), and the Ohio Coal Development Office (OCDO) to conduct a comprehensive study evaluating the technical feasibility and economics of alternate CO{sub 2} capture and sequestration technologies applied to an existing US coal-fired electric generation power plant. The motivation for this study was to provide input to potential US electric utility actions concerning GHG emissions reduction. If the US decides to reduce CO{sub 2} emissions, action would need to be taken to address existing power plants. Although fuel switching from coal to natural gas may be one scenario, it will not necessarily be a sufficient measure and some form of CO{sub 2} capture for use or disposal may also be required. The output of this CO{sub 2} capture study will enhance the public's understanding of control options and influence decisions and actions by government, regulators, and power plant owners in considering the costs of reducing greenhouse gas CO{sub 2} emissions. The total work breakdown structure is encompassed within three major reports, namely: (1) Literature Survey, (2) AEP's Conesville Unit No.5 Retrofit …
Date: June 30, 2001
Creator: Bozzuto, Carl R.; Nsakala, Nsakala ya; Liljedahl, Gregory N.; Palkes, Mark & Marion, John L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility of Large-Scale Ocean CO2 Sequestration (open access)

Feasibility of Large-Scale Ocean CO2 Sequestration

Direct ocean injection of CO{sub 2} is one of several approaches under consideration to sequester carbon dioxide in order to stabilize atmospheric CO{sub 2} near 550 ppm (2X preindustrial CO{sub 2} levels). Without significant efforts to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions, the Earth is expected to experience extreme climate warming consequences associated with the projected high ({approx}3-4X preindustrial) atmospheric CO{sub 2} levels in the next 100 to 200 years. Research funded by DOE-Office of Fossil Energy under this award is based on the development of novel experimental methods by MBARI to deploy small quantities (5-45 l) of liquid CO{sub 2} in the deep-sea for the purposes of investigating the fundamental science underlying the concepts of ocean CO{sub 2} sequestration. This project is linked closely with studies funded by the Office of Science and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). The objectives of studies in marine chemistry funded by the Office of Fossil Energy and MBARI are to: (1) Determine the long term fate of CO{sub 2} hydrate in the deep-sea, (2) Investigate the geochemical changes in marine sediments and pore waters associated with CO{sub 2} disposal, and (3) Investigate the transfer of CO{sub 2} from the hydrate phase to the …
Date: September 30, 2001
Creator: Brewer, Peter & Barry, James
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Micro-grids: Practical applications of grid technology to small distributed collaborations (open access)

Micro-grids: Practical applications of grid technology to small distributed collaborations

None
Date: November 30, 2001
Creator: Lee, Jason R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Search for Strange Quark Matter and Antimatter Produced (open access)

Search for Strange Quark Matter and Antimatter Produced

None
Date: April 30, 2001
Creator: Sandweiss, Jack
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Fixation of CO2 in Coal Combustion Products and Recycling through Biosystems (open access)

Chemical Fixation of CO2 in Coal Combustion Products and Recycling through Biosystems

This Annual Technical Progress Report presents the principle results in enhanced growth of algae using coal combustion products as a catalyst to increase bicarbonate levels in solution. A co-current reactor is present that increases the gas phase to bicarbonate transfer rate by a factor of five to nine. The bicarbonate concentration at a given pH is approximately double that obtained using a control column of similar construction. Algae growth experiments were performed under laboratory conditions to obtain baseline production rates and to perfect experimental methods. The final product of this initial phase in algae production is presented.
Date: September 30, 2001
Creator: Copeland, C. Henry; Pier, Paul; Whitehead, Samantha & Behel, David
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Utility Advanced Turbine Systems Program (ATS) Technical Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercial Demonstration (open access)

Utility Advanced Turbine Systems Program (ATS) Technical Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercial Demonstration

The objective of the ATS program is to develop ultra-high efficiency, environmentally superior and cost competitive gas turbine systems for base load application in utility, independent power producer and industrial markets. Specific performance targets have been set using natural gas as the primary fuel: (1) System efficiency that will exceed 60% (lower heating value basis) on natural gas for large scale utility turbine systems; for industrial applications, systems that will result in a 15% improvement in heat rate compared to currently available gas turbine systems. (2) An environmentally superior system that will not require the use of post combustion emissions controls under full load operating conditions. (3) Busbar energy costs that are 10% less than current state-of-the-art turbine systems, while meeting the same environmental requirements. (4) Fuel-flexible designs that will operate on natural gas but are capable of being adapted to operate on coal-derived or biomass fuels. (5) Reliability-Availability-Maintainability (RAM) that is equivalent to the current turbine systems. (6) Water consumption minimized to levels consistent with cost and efficiency goals. (7) Commercial systems that will enter the market in the year 2000. In Phase I of the ATS program, Siemens Westinghouse found that efficiency significantly increases when the traditional combined-cycle …
Date: September 30, 2001
Creator: Westinghouse, Siemens
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library