A proposed stave design for the D0 Run IIb silicon tracker outer layers featuring central cooling channels and hybrid substrates mounted directly to the silicon sensor surfaces is evaluated for heat transfer characteristics and thermal deflections. In order to control leakage current noise in the silicon it is necessary to maintain the silicon in Layer 2 (R {approx} 100mm) at or below +5C. The current cooling system using 30% ethylene glycol in water can deliver coolant to the inlet of the silicon tracker at a temperature of -8C to -10C. This paper also investigates some alternative coolant options for Run IIB. While these are not required for the outer layers of silicon, they may be needed for L0, which sits at R {approx} 15mm. In this case the silicon must be kept at or below -5C, very near the lower limit for delivery of 30% glycol/water coolant. However, for the inner layers the electronics will be mounted independently from the silicon so the local heat flux is greatly reduced. This paper does not consider the cooling issues for the inner layers.

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This report includes information regarding Pakistan. Information including historical background, Pakistan and U.S. relations, and U.S. aid to Pakistan is detailed in this report.

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The authors describe AMRH results on a version of the Reinicke problem specified by the V and V group of LLNL's A-Div. The simulation models a point explosion with heat conduction. The problem specification requires that the heat conduction be replaced with diffusive radiation transport. The matter and radiation energy densities are tightly coupled.

This report describes work to examine the gas generation behavior of actual K East (KE) Basin floor, pit and canister sludge. Mixed and unmixed and fractionated KE canister sludge were tested, along with floor and pit sludges from areas in the KE Basin not previously sampled. The first report in this series focused on gas generation from KE floor and canister sludge collected using a consolidated sampling technique. The third report will present results of gas generation testing of irradiated uranium fuel fragments with and without sludge addition. The path forward for management of the K Basin Sludge is to retrieve, ship, and store the sludge at T Plant until final processing at some future date. Gas generation will impact the designs and costs of systems associated with retrieval, transportation and storage of sludge.

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This document describes the source area for the blowing dust encountered in the southwest portion of the 200 West Area. Strategies for short-term stabilization of the entire source area, short-term stabilization of a portion of the source area based on levels of respirable dust, and long-term stabilization of the entire source area are provided. An separate evaluation of aerosolized water as a means of reducing airborne dust is also provided.

This report is about Burundi, specifically the peace process and U.S. policy

This document overviews an entirely new approach to determining the composition--the chemical-elemental, isotopic and molecular make-up--of complex, highly structured objects, moreover with microscopic spatial resolution in all 3 dimensions. The front cover depicts the new type of pulsed laser system at the heart of this novel technology under adjustment by Alexis Wynne, and schematically indicates two of its early uses: swiftly analyzing the 3-D composition governed structure of a transistor circuit with both optical and mass-spectrometric detectors, and of fossilized dinosaur and turtle bones high-speed probed by optical detection means. Studying the composition-cued 3-D micro-structures of advanced composite materials and the microscopic scale composition-texture of biological tissues are two near-term examples of the rich spectrum of novel applications enabled by this field-opening analytic tool-set.

This report provides information about the Background and Legislative Issues on Export-Import Bank. The import-export bank is the U.S chief government agency that helps finance American exports.

The collateral damage caused by fallout from shallow-buried nuclear devices is of considerable interest. In this paper, we present results for ''standard'' calculations using the KDFOC4 fallout computer code. Results are presented for a parametric range of yields from 0.1 kt to 1 Mt in equally-spaced logarithmic increments and for emplacement depths of 5 meters in hard, dry rock and 20 meters in moist soil. We will see that for low yields, this emplacement depth has a marked influence on the shape of the fallout patterns but for the highest yields, the fallout patterns are insensitive to the emplacement medium and depth. We look at two categories of doses: (1) Those for which health effects begin to be serious and range upward to lethal, and (2) Doses that are politically very sensitive but for which any deleterious health effects are difficult to prove.

This report describes executive and legislative activities relating to research and development budgets and priority-setting that occurred primarily during FY1993 to FY2001, the period of the two Clinton Administrations.

The scope of the project was to conduct experimental and computer modeling studies of the launching, flight characteristics and impacts of thin flyer plates driven by laser ablation under drive conditions where the plate remains a solid and retains its strength. Motivation for the work was to provide the scientific underpinnings for advanced development work on new detonators that will be needed within the next ten years for use in the Laboratory's national security mission. Areas of study were to be coupling of laser energy into the flyer plate during the launch phase, melting and instability growth in the flyer during launch, and an explosive-grain-scale understanding of the shock-to-detonation transition when the flyer plate impacts an explosive target. Knowledge and modeling capability, developed from this study, were to enable us to tailor the launching and acceleration conditions of thin flyer plates to produce an optimum impact for initiating high explosives. Experimental and computational studies of the shock-to-detonation transition were to aid us in developing more efficient initiating explosives for use in future detonators.

Developed equipment consisted of a high magnetic field solenoid with supporting instrumentation for electron plasma confinement. The solenoid was designed and delivered in year 1. In year 2, it was mapped and the trap was created and commissioned. In parallel, an ongoing program of beam-plasma interaction studies was carried out with a lower field trap developed earlier. The trap was placed in the IUCF Coolor (an intermediate-energy electron-cooled storage ring) and the effects of the beam on the plasma were investigated, including energy and angular momentum transfer. Student projects carried out within the beam-plasma group also included development of a diagnostic with high spatial resolution, and preparation for extension of the beam-plasma interaction study to much lower beam energy. This became the principal group activity during the latter part of the project.

There were 5 laser experiments conducted to date in FY-01 under the ongoing project to study the response of single crystal fcc materials under shock compression. An additional 10 laser shots are planned for August, 2001. This work has focused on developing capability to record diffraction from multiple lattice planes during the passage of a shock through a thin foil of single crystal copper, while simultaneously performing separate shock sample recovery experiments to study the residual deformation structure in the recovered samples.

OAK-B135 Monitoring the Durability Performance of Concrete in Nuclear Waste Containment

T*e, which is an elastic-plastic fracture parameter based on incremental theory of plasticity, was determined numerically and experimentally. The T*e integral of a tunneling crack in 2024-T3 aluminum, three point bend specimen was obtained through a hybrid analysis of moire interferometry and 3-D elastic-plastic finite element analysis. The results were verified by the good agreement between the experimentally and numerically determined T*e on the specimen surface.

On October 7, 1994, President Clinton transmitted to the Senate the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the 1994 Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention. The package was referred to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. On November 16, 1994, the U.N. Law of the Sea Convention entered into force but without accession by the United States. The 1994 Agreement entered into force on July 28, 1996, again without U.S. ratification.

This report examines three fundamental points implicit in the "engine of growth" argument. First, it questions whether the current account deficit is caused by strong U.S. growth and weak foreign growth. Second, it examines whether foreign growth is dependent on U.S. imports and the maintenance of a large U.S. current account deficit. Finally, it reviews the proposition that a U.S. recession would cause a world recession by lowering U.S. import demand. The report concludes that to make the final argument persuasive, other factors need to come into play, such as deteriorating expectations, financial crisis, or slow economic adjustment. These other factors seem unlikely to occur in the context of slowing U.S. growth, but they are possible in a recession.

The 107th Congress is considering legislation that would amend federal pipeline safety law, which directs the U.S. Secretary of Transportation to regulate pipeline transportation and storage of natural gases and hazardous liquids. Those bills also would authorize funding for the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), which is charged with implementing federal pipeline safety law. Among the topics discussed as part of the process of reauthorizing the OPS program are: state versus federal roles in pipeline safety, increased community involvement, funding amounts to support OPS, and new regulatory directives and authorities intended to improve the OPS program and associated state activities. S. 235, as amended, the "Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2001," passed the Senate on February 8, 2001. This report will be updated as necessary.

Sub-Saharan Africa has been far more severely affected by AIDS than any other part of the world. The United Nations reports that 25.3 million adults and children are infected with the HIV virus in the region, which has about 10% of the world's population but more than 70% of the worldwide total of infected people. This report discusses this issue in detail, including the cause of the African AIDS epidemic, the social and economic consequences, response and treatment, and U.S. policy.

This report discusses one of the major trade issues in the 107th Congress: whether or not Congress approves authority for the President to negotiate trade agreements with expedited, or "fast track" procedures. Under this authority, Congress agrees to consider legislation to implement the nontariff trade agreements under a procedure with mandatory deadlines, no amendment, and limited debate. The President is required to consult with congressional committees during negotiation of nontariff trade agreements and notify Congress before entering into any such agreement. The President was granted fast-track authority almost continuously from 1974 to 1994, but the authority lapsed and has not been renewed.

This report explores the authority of BLM personnel regarding unauthorized cattle by reviewing the statutory authorities of BLM over the federal rangelands under its administration, and the regulations and administrative materials implementing those authorities in the context of grazing, trespass, impoundment and sale of unauthorized livestock.