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What Is a Farm Bill?
A farmbill is a collection of new laws and amendmentsto longstanding lawsthat sets the overall direction of federal food and farm policy for a specified number of years. Farm bills typically contain not only commodity price and income support provisions, but also provisions on agricultural trade, rural development, domestic food assistance, foreign food aid, conservation, crop insurance, farm credit, forestry, and agricultural research. The many issues covered by farm bills make it possible to form a broad coalition ofsupport among common, and sometimes conflicting interestsfor policies and programs that individually might not be enacted.
Date:
May 5, 2001
Creator:
Jones, Jean Yavis; Hanrahan, Charles E. & Womach, Jasper
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Endangered Species: Difficult Choices
This report discusses issues debated in the 108th Congress while is considering various proposals to amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). Major issues in recent years have included changing the role of science in decision-making, changing the role of critical habitat, reducing conflicts with Department of Defense activities, incorporating further protection for property owners, and increasing protection of listed species, among others. In addition, many have advocated including significant changes to ESA regulations made during the Clinton Administration in the law itself.
Date:
September 5, 2001
Creator:
Buck, Eugene H.; Corn, M. Lynne & Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Endangered Species Act: Consideration of Economic Factors
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) provides for the listing and protection of species that are found to be “endangered” or “threatened” – species that might become extinct. The listing of a species as endangered triggers the prohibitions in the Act against “taking” (killing or harming) individuals of the protected species, unless a permit is obtained to take individuals incidental to an otherwise lawful proposed action, or an exemption for the proposed action is obtained. Unauthorized taking of a listed species can result in civil or criminal penalties. These prohibitions and potential penalties can affect various activities, including development and use of land, with attendant economic impacts.
Date:
January 5, 2001
Creator:
Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Functional Categories of the Federal Budget
This report presents a list of the 20 functional categories currently included in the federal budget, as well as the sub-functions.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic Federal Budgeting Terminology
In its most elemental form, the federal budget is a comprehensive accounting of the government’s spending, revenues, and borrowing. This fact sheet provides a brief overview of the basic terminology and concepts used in the federal budget process.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Consideration of the Budget Resolution
Consideration of a concurrent budget resolution is governed by special procedures in the House and Senate. Although the procedures of each chamber differ, they serve generally to expedite consideration of the budget resolution.
Date:
May 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Formulation and Content of the Budget Resolution
The Congressional Budget Act (CBA) of 1974 (Titles I-IX of P.L. 93-344), as amended, established the concurrent budget resolution as the centerpiece of the congressional budget process. This report discusses the budget resolution, which provides the framework for subsequent legislative action on the annual appropriations bills, revenue measures, debt-limit legislation, reconciliation legislation (if required), and any other budgetary legislation.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration
Budget reconciliation is an optional two-step process Congress may use to assure compliance with the direct spending, revenue, and debt-limit levels set forth in budget resolutions.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Budget Resolution Enforcement
The annual budget resolution sets forth Congress's budget plan for a period of at least five fiscal years. It includes total levels of spending, revenues, and the debt limit for each of the fiscal years covered.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Debt Limit
Congress last raised the debt limit, to $5.95 trillion, in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-33; on August 5, 1997). At that time, the increase was deemed sufficient for the government's borrowing needs into December 1999.
Date:
February 5, 2001
Creator:
Winters, Philip D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Timetable for Sequestration Actions
None
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pay-As-You-Go Rules in the Federal Budget Process
None
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Role of the President in Budget Development
None
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Overview of the Authorization-Appropriation Process
None
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Small Business Innovation Research Program
None
Date:
December 5, 2001
Creator:
Schacht, Wendy H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that “Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press. . . .” This language restricts government both more and less than it would if it were applied literally. It restricts government more in that it applies not only to Congress, but to all branches of the federal government, and to all branches of state and local government. It restricts government less in that it provides no protection to some types of speech and only limited protection to others. This report provides an overview of the major exceptions to the First Amendment — of the ways that the Supreme Court has interpreted the guarantee of freedom of speech and press to provide no protection or only limited protection for some types of speech.
Date:
November 5, 2001
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Privacy Protection for Customer Financial Information
Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-102, H.Rept. 106-434) requires financial institutions to provide their customers with notice of their privacy policies, including those relating to sharing of customer information with affiliated entities. It prohibits sharing personally identifiable customer information with non-affiliated third parties and prohibits financial institutions from providing account numbers to non-affiliated third parties for marketing purposes.
Date:
January 5, 2001
Creator:
Murphy, M. Maureen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
House Rules Manual: Summary of Contents
This report briefly discusses The House Rules and Manual, officially titled Constitution, Jefferson’s Manual and Rules of the House of Representatives, which contains the fundamental source material describing procedures in the House of Representatives.
Date:
April 5, 2001
Creator:
Schneider, Judy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Budget Act Points of Order
Title III of the Congressional Budget Act (CBA) of 1974 (P.L. 93-344), as amended, establishes the points of order that are used to enforce congressional budget procedures and substantive provisions of a budget resolution. These points of order prohibit certain congressional actions and consideration of certain legislation.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Allocations and Subdivisions in the Congressional Budget Process
This report briefly explains how the annual budget resolution sets forth total spending and revenue levels, which are then allocated to the appropriate House and Senate committees, which in turn help Congress determine how best to enforce spending once a budget resolution is adopted.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Party Leaders in the House: Election, Duties, and Responsibilities
This report discusses the roles and duties of party leaders in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date:
October 5, 2001
Creator:
Carr, Thomas P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Current Palestinian Uprising: Al-Aqsa Intifadah
Facing a September 13, 2000 deadline for concluding a comprehensive Israeli- Palestinian agreement on all permanent status issues, President Bill Clinton convened a trilateral summit with Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Chairman Yasser Arafat at Camp David on July 11, 2000. The summit, which lasted until July 24, 2000, did not produce an agreement. Members of 106th Congress responded to the al-Aqsa Intifadah by introducing bills that supported Israel’s actions, encouraged the U.S. Administration to oppose any anti-Israel resolutions in the United Nations, called upon Palestinians to negotiate a resolution, and proposed cutting foreign assistance to the Palestinians if they did not stop the uprising.
Date:
January 5, 2001
Creator:
Ruebner, Joshua; Mark, Clyde R.; Katzman, Kenneth & Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Palestinians and Middle East Peace: Issues for the United States
The United States began contacts with the PalestineLiberationOrganization (PLO)in December 1988, after the PLO accepted Israel’s right to exist, accepted U.N. Resolutions 242 and 338 that call for an exchange of land for peace, and renounced terrorism. The United States continues its contacts with the PLO and the Palestinian Authority elected in January 1996 and is an active broker in the continuing Middle East peace process.
Date:
December 5, 2001
Creator:
Mark, Clyde R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Northern Ireland: Implementation of The Peace Agreement During the 106th Congress
None
Date:
January 5, 2001
Creator:
Donfried, Karen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library