The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with David Ellis. Ellis was born on 8 March 1918 in Big Spring, Texas and enlisted in the Army in 1936. He went to Officer Candidate School, where he was trained in intelligence. His first duty station was in Hawaii, where he was assigned to the Navy’s Central Pacific Command by mistake. Next he was sent to Okinawa as a platoon leader in the 17th Infantry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division. On Okinawa, Ellis was wounded and evacuated to a hospital ship and ultimately a field hospital in Saipan. His wounds left him unfit to return to combat and to be returned to the US due to the shell fragments embedded in his chest. Ellis walked away from the hospital and managed to get on a flight back to Okinawa and returned to his unit. The war ended shortly after he was given command of the regiment’s Intelligence and Reconnaissance (IR) platoon. The regiment then embarked on ships to Korea. During the transit, he was summoned to the flag bridge on the ship and assigned an intelligence gathering mission by Major General Archibald Arnold, 7th Infantry Division’s Commanding Officer. Ellis …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Alan Fouts. Fouts joined the Navy in 1939 and trained in San Diego. Upon completion of basic training, Fouts joined the USS Argonne (AG-31). Later, he was stationed at the submarine base at Pearl Harbor when the war started. He recalls witnessing the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor. He managed to get guns operational on the USS Widgeon (AM-22) before it got underway during the attack. Between the attacks, Fouts went alongside the USS Arizona (BB-39) and measured the holes in the hull. He continued serving as a diver at Noumea and Samoa in 1942-1943. He volunteered for submarine duty and was made five war patrols aboard the USS Pogy (SS- 266). Fouts tells several submarine stories. After the war, Fouts remained in the Navy for thirty years.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Adrian Miller. Miller was born in Winamac, Indiana 16 November 1924 and graduated from high school in 1942. He entered the Army in March, 1944 and took his basic training at Ft. Blanding, Florida. He volunteered for the paratroopers at Fort Benning, Georgia and describes the six weeks of rigorous training, which included jumps. In November, he joined the 101st Army Airborne and was assigned to the 505th Parachute Infantry, Company H. Miller was sent to Bastogne and describes the conditions and the high casualty rate. After being relieved in January he went to Lorraine, France, then to Berchtesgaden, Germany where he met his brother. Miller was in Paris when Germany surrendered. On 15 December 1945, he returned to the United States on the Queen Mary. He was discharged January 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Earl Stevens. Stevens served aboard the USS New Mexico (BB 40) as an electrician beginning October of 1942. He was a gun electrician and took care of the firing mechanisms and the telephones. He provides his experience of joining the Navy with his dad and three brothers. He describes life aboard the New Mexico. He recalls traveling to Australia for liberty. Stevens describes the explosion of the USS Liscome Bay (CVE-56) and the repercussions it had upon the New Mexico. They also traveled to the Philippines. He was discharged in 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Eugene Walker. Walker served in the Navy aboard the USS New Mexico (BB-40) beginning Christmas Day 1937. He was aboard serving as a radioman. He describes the radios aboard the ship, working in the powder rooms in the turrets and Navy life in general. He gives details of a typical day as a radioman, including training, practicing Morse code and standing watch. Walker describes changes that took place in 1940, when they traveled from the Navy yard in Bremerton, Washington to Honolulu. Walker was transferred to the 14th Naval District from 1940 to 1942. He was present when Pearl Harbor was attacked on 7 December and provides recollections of the attack. He also describes a shellback initiation.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Wallace Dowd. Dowd begins with anecdotes about his father, a Navy officer in the Construction Corps. Dowd was in the ROTC unit at the University of Washington when the war started. He received his commission in the Supply Corps and was assigned aboard the USS Alden (DD-211) for a year. His next duty station was in Savannah and he comments about the segregated South. Afterwards, he went to Philadelphia where the USS Antietam (CV-36) was being built. He went aboard as the Stores Officer. When the war ended, Dowd went to the Bureau of Supply and Accounts. He discusses his involvement in the Korean War. During his career, he went to the Naval War College, served at sea again, served ashore in Italy, etc. and retired as a rear admiral.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Elijah Collins. Collins joined the Navy in early 1941 and trained in San Diego. He was then assigned to the USS Blue (DD-387). Collins suffered from seasickness in the beginning. He was aboard the Blue at Pearl Harbor when the Japanese attacked. Also, he was aboard when the Blue was sunk off Guadalcanal. After thirteen months ashore in Australia, Collins joined the USS McCord (DD-534) before going to torpedo school. From there, he went to Barbers Point Naval Air Station, where he was when the war ended.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral history with Ralph Styles. After two years of college, Styles entered the Naval Academy in 1930. When he graduated in 1933, he was sent aboard the USS Lexington (CV-2) for two years. After that, he was attached to the staff of the Commander, Aircraft Battle force in San Diego as a communications officer in 1935. In 1937, Styles entered submarine school. Upon completion, he boarded the USS Narwhal (SS-167) stationed at Hawaii. He served aboard the Narwhal from 1938 to 1942. He had just returned to Pearl Harbor when the Japanese attacked. After the Battle of Midway, Styles was placed in command of the USS S-20, another submarine. He did much training aboard the vessel before becoming the commanding officer of the USS Sea Devil (SS-400) in January 1944. On their first war patrol, they sank a Japanese submarine. Their second war patrol took them into the Yellow Sea. They torpedoed the Japanese aircraft carrier Junyo in December, 1944. On the third war patrol, Styles sank several merchant vessels, picked up a few prisoners out of the water and rescued some Marine aviators from the USS Essex (CV-9). He received …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents and oral interview with Harold Gensler. Gensler was born in Tarrytown, New York on 28 September 1915 and graduated from high school in 1935. He recalls the crowds at the New York recruiting station being so large the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor that horse-mounted policemen were needed for crowd control. He was exempt from the draft and ineligible to enlist in any branch of the service as he was employed by a railroad company with a job considered essential to the war effort. In 1943 he joined the Navy and was assigned to a Naval Construction Battalion. He was put on various clerical assignments all the while desiring to be in combat. After filing numerous requests he was assigned to the USS Edgecombe (APA-164). The ship departed for New Guinea 31 December 1943 and he describes in minute detail the Shellback initiation ceremony that took place upon crossing the Equator. He made trips to Leyte and Ulithi to deliver supplies and to the Philippines as the fleet prepared for the invasion of Okinawa. He also recalls listening to radio broadcasts by Tokyo Rose foretelling the landings on the island. …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Harold Placette. Placette joined the Navy in July of 1940. He provides some vivid details of boot camp. He served 5 years aboard the USS Phelps (DD-360). He trained in radio maintenance and radar. They arrived in Hawaii in November of 1940, and they conducted fleet maneuvers and antisubmarine training. He was assigned to the Bofors gun, which he describes. Phelps was on board during the attack at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. He describes their location on the northeast side of Ford Island, and then provides great detail of the event. They shot down one enemy plane. In May of 1942 he describes the Phelps serving alongside the USS Lexington (CV-2) when it was hit during the Battle of the Coral Sea. He talks through this event, and the Phelps delivering the final blow to the Lexington to prevent enemy capture. They later participated in the Battle of Midway, the Aleutian Campaign and the invasion of Saipan. They completed a tour of duty in both the Pacific and Atlantic Theaters. He was discharged in July of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Donald Boots. In December, 1942, Boots joined the Marine Corps. After basic training, Boots attended a small camouflaging school at Camp Lejeune before going to Camp Pendleton. At Pendleton, the 4th Marine Division formed and Boots was assigned to the 4th Pioneer Battalion. His unit's job was to organize a beachhead once Marines had landed. During the Marshall Islands invasion, Boots' unit landed on a small island near Roi-Namur to set up artillery for the larger invasion. After that, the unit went back to Maui. Next, Boots' unit invaded Saipan. He went in on the second or third wave on D-Day. Boots also went to Iwo Jima and landed with the third wave. Once on the beach, he had a hard time finding his outfit because so many of them had been killed already. He helped a friend onto an LCVP that was leaving the beach with wounded and was taken off the beach. He returned for his second landing on Iwo Jima a short time later. He stayed for 31 days. When the war ended, Boots was discharged in November, 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Chester W. Nimitz, Jr. Nimitz was born in Brooklyn, New York 17 February 1915. He attended Severn Preparatory School prior to entering the US Naval Academy in 1932. Upon graduating in 1936, he was assigned to the USS Indianapolis (CA-35) as assistant navigator. He applied for submarine duty in 1938 and trained at New London, Connecticut. After training he was assigned to the USS Sturgeon (SS-187) based in San Diego. In November 1941, the Sturgeon proceeded to Manila. Recalling his first war patrol aboard the Sturgeon, Nimitz recalls being subjected to depth charge attacks and the frustration caused by defective torpedoes. Returning to the United States he was assigned to the USS Bluefish (SS-222) as the executive officer. Later, he was withdrawn from sea duty and assigned to work on the torpedo problem. Nimitz was then put in command of the USS Haddo (SS-255) and describes an attack on a Japanese ship during which all six torpedoes launched exploded prematurely. He discusses the problem of defective torpedoes. On their last patrol in the Haddo, his crew sank five enemy ships and received a Navy Unit Commendation. Nimitz received …

The National Museum of the pacific War presents an interview with William Bates. Bates joined the Navy Reserves in late 1939 as an aviation cadet. He was in primary flight training at Corpus Christi when the war started. He opted to quit flying and went instead to Midshipmen’s School at northwestern and earned a commission and was assigned to the USS APc-21. He describes his journey down the East Coast, through the Panama Canal and on to Australia and the Southwest Pacific. Once there, his vessel would escort LCTs and LSTs provisioning the ground forces in New Guinea. He was aboard the APc-21 when it was bombed and sunk. After returning to the US and some leave, Bates was assigned to the USS ATR-22. He then transferred to the USS Unadilla (ATA-182). He shares a few anecdotes about being at the Panama Canal and experiencing typhoons off the Philippines. Bates returned to the US in early 1946 and was discharged in September.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Fred Vogel. Vogel finished high school in 1930 and went to work before going to Drake University. He graduated from law school in 1940. He enlisted in the Army in April, 1942. After basic training, he was made an instructor. In October, 1942 Vogel went to officer candidate school in Georgia. He also instructed OCS. Once he got overseas to Hawaii in February 1944, he was assigned to the 33rd infantry Division, 136th Infantry Regiment. He was in New Guinea with the outfit when he was shifted to regimental headquarters as an assistant personnel officer. He also made the invasion of Morotai with the 33rd ID. He shares a few anecdotes about working closely with PT boats on various landings at Morotai. He also landed at Luzon during the invasion of the Philippines. After the war, Vogel stayed in the Army Reserve until 1972.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Walter Autry. Autry left the Merchant Marine and joined the Navy just after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Given his experience, he qualified for steam engineering and was sent to the University of Houston for training in diesel engineering. He briefly entertained the idea of being a Navy diver and received training at Pier 88 in New York City. Ultimately he was assigned to the crew of an LCI that laid smoke screens and made almost 100 landings in the Philippines. As part of his duty, Autry fought fires on ships and rescued the wounded. He bartered with natives on Mindanao and returned home with an intricately carved knife made of volcanic ash. He also met the natives of Luzon and describes their poisonous arrows. He recalls a treacherous typhoon at Okinawa. From there he went to China and recounts the tremendous poverty. He saw atrocious conditions for Filipino women and children at Santo Tomas. When Autry finally returned home, his daughter, who was born while Autry was at sea, was already 18 months old. He joined the Naval Reserve and was sent to the Philippines as a …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Ray Kuhlow. Kuhlow provides a history monologue during the 60th Anniversary of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Kuhlow served 21 years on active duty in the Navy, through World War II and the Korean War. He worked aboard the USS California (BB-44) in forward turret two, and they traveled to the Hawaiian Islands. He describes the maneuvers of the Japanese carriers and planes prior to and on the day of December 7, 1941. His ship pulled into Pearl Harbor on Saturday evening, December 6. Kuhlow explains in detail the events that unfolded that night and into the next day. He provides a description of how the Battleship Oklahoma and the Battleship Arizona were attacked. He also details his crew’s actions aboard the California in response to the Japanese attack on the island. His crew worked for months cleaning and repairing the ship, and in December of 1942 brought the ship back to the States for modernization and repairs. In February of 1943 Kuhlow went back out to the South Pacific aboard the California, participating in many engagements including the Marshalls, the Marianas, and the Philippines. He details their interaction …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Herb Elfering. Elfering was in the California National Guard when it was activated in 1940 and went to Hawaii with the 251st Coast Artillery Regiment. He served in a searchlight battery. He was at Camp Malakole when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and recalls being strafed by planes at his radar installation. Afterwards, Elfering describes heightened security measures on Oahu. Once the war got started, Elfering and his unit went to Fiji in 1942 before going to Bougainville in 1943. He recalls shining his searchlight into the clouds to illuminate attacking Japanese infantry. He also was in on the invasion of Luzon. In July, 1945, he rotated back to the US on leave and was there when the war ended. Elfering was discharged a few days later. During the war, he attended officer candidate school and earned a commission.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Murphy Williams. Williams recalls details about his ancestors in North Carolina prior to discussing his education. Williams went to seminary in the fall of 1941. He finished seminary in May 1944 and then entered the Navy as a chaplain. One of his first duty assignments was visitations to parents who had lost sons in the war. Another assignment took him to a Navy air facility in Groton, Connecticut. In July, 1945, Williams was assigned to Tinian and remarks on the activity there leading up to the atomic attacks; he also recalls using CBs to build a chapel. After the war, Williams’ wife moved to Tinian and then Saipan when dependents were allowed. When they returned to the US, Williams elected for a discharge.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Ethel Reisberg Schectman. She begins by discussing her family background: her parents were Jews born in Poland and emigrated to the United States. Ethel's European aunts, uncles and grandparents all likely died in the Holocaust. As a first grade student, she taught her mother, a Polish immigrant, how to read and write English. She recalls, wartime rationing, Victory Gardens, scrap drives, and antisemitism among her school-aged classmates in Dallas, Texas, and the end of the war.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Carl Peltier. He begins by discussing his reaction to the attack on Pearl Harbor and then joining the Marines when he was old enough. He trained in San Diego before shipping out to Hawaii where he joined the 2nd Marine Division. Further training included heavy weapons - mortars. Later, he landed on Saipan and describes his small arms and rations. He witnessed General Simon Buckner getting killed on Okinawa. He was later wounded on Okinawa. After the war ended, Peltier served in the Petagon during the Korean War.

Transcript of an oral interview with Don Peterson. Mr Peterson was drafted into the Army but didn't want to do that so he joined the Navy because he wanted to fly. After Basic Training in Kansas City he got his wings in Corpus Christi. After flight training, he was sent to Astoria, Oregon and assigned to the USS Matanikua (CVE). He was assigned to the ship as a ship's officer, a line officer. He was also on the commissioning crew of another CVE (Commencement Bay), as part of the ship's company. He never had the opportunity to fly off a carrier or land on a carrier. He served as a test pilot in Bremerton, Washington while waiting for the Commencement Bay. The planes had come in for repair and maintenance. He went with the Commencement Bay to the South Pacific; he was the Flight Deck Officer and was qualified as the Officer of the Deck. Peterson tells the story of having to relieve the Captain as they were coming into port when he was the Officer of the Deck; afterwards, he was confined to his quarters. He was severely injured while serving as a Flight Deck Officer onboard the Commencement …

Transcript of an oral interview with James Avery. Mr Avery was a junior at the University of Illinois when Pearl Harbor was attacked. He signed up with the Army Air Corps since they would let him finish his degree before they would take him. However, the Army Air Corps was not able to honor its commitment since they needed pilots badly. In March 1943, they called him up and sent him to Lackland Air Base for the preflight program. From there, Avery went to Fort Stockton where he learned to fly in a Fairchild PT-19 and then to Goodfellow Field in San Angelo to learn to fly a BT-13. After two months of basic training, he went to Reese Air Base in Lubbock to train in the AT-17 and got his wings there in January 1944. Avery wanted to fly the B-26 and he got his wish; reporting first to Del Rio and then to Barksdale Field where he got his crew assigned. There were six of them in the crew. After about three months at Barksdale, they went to Savannah, Georgia to pick up a brand new airplane. However, they had to wait six weeks for their ship; Martin …

Transcript of an oral interview with Jim Yawn. Mr Yawn was born in 1918 and had two years of college by the time he was 20 which was the minimum age to get into the Navy flight program. He was sent to Miami, Florida for primary flight training; they had to fly thirty three hours before they were appointed as a cadet. They were transferred to Jacksonville for basic training and then to California after they got their wings. He asked for and received a transfer to the Marine Corps. After getting some time in PBYs, F-4Fs, SB-2Cs and a few other aircraft he had some crew training at El Centro and finished it up in Mojave, in the B-24. They were assigned an aircraft and left San Francisco at night so they could reach Hawaii in the daytime. Yawn talks about walking aboard the Arizona and it was still smoking; he said it was an eerie feeling. Yawn flew across the Pacific and ended up landing on Guadalcanal but most of the squadron was at Espiritu Santo; he was part of VMB-254. They did reconnaissance work over the New Georgia group, Rabaul and Bougainville. Then, they went to Bougainville …

Transcript of an oral interview with Bob Burrell. Eleven days after finishing high school in 1941, Burrell was sworn into the Navy and reported to Newport, Rhode Island for boot camp. After boot camp, he was sent down to the Naval Air Station in Jacksonville, Florida and was here on December 7, 1941. He volunteered for submarine duty and was sent to submarine school in New London, Connecticut; finishing in May 1942. Burrell describes his experiences at the school including using the Momsen lung. After graduation, he was shipped to Pearl Harbor and assigned to Submarine Division 42. In September 1942, he went aboard the USS Nautilus as a Third Class Yeoman. He was a sonar and radar operator during combat. The Nautilus rescued 29 men, women and children on New Years Eve 1942 when they snuck into Teop Harbor which was off of Bougainville. In April 1943, the Nautilus went to Dutch Harbor to take on 104 7th Army scouts, training them like they had done with the Marine Raider Battalion earlier. They were training for the invasion of Attu Island and took them there. The Nautilus then headed to Mare Island Naval Yard for overhaul. After overhaul, the …