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ESEA Reauthorization Proposals: Comparison of Major Features of the House and Senate Versions of H.R. 1
The authorizations of appropriations for most programs of federal aid to elementary and secondary (grades K-12) education, under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), expired at the end of FY2000. While the 106th Congress extensively considered several bills which would have reauthorized and amended most of these programs, only legislation extending the Impact Aid (ESEA Title VIII) and Even Start Family Literacy (ESEA Title I, Part B) programs was enacted. Selected other programs, such as the Class Size Reduction program, have been initiated and continued solely through annual appropriations legislation.
Date:
July 6, 2001
Creator:
Riddle, Wayne C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Timetable for Sequestration Actions
None
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pay-As-You-Go Rules in the Federal Budget Process
None
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Sequestration Process
None
Date:
March 19, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Discretionary Spending Limits
Discretionary spending limits are statutory caps on the level of budget authority and outlays determined through the annual appropriations process. They were initially established by the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) of 1990 (Title XIII of P.L. 101-508) as part of an agreement between Congress and President George Bush to reduce the deficit. Twice since, they were extended to enforce agreements between Congress and President Bill Clinton, most recently to achieve a surplus.
Date:
March 19, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Role of the President in Budget Development
None
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Paying Down the Federal Debt: A Discussion of Methods
None
Date:
March 16, 2001
Creator:
Bickley, James M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Overview of the Authorization-Appropriation Process
None
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Budget Resolutions: Motions to Instruct Conferees
Both the House and the Senate have procedures whereby the full bodies may issue instructions to conferees on budget resolutions, usually in the form of a motion. The practices of the House and Senate regarding such motions differ markedly in key respects. First, the House resorts to such motions regularly (having considered 10 such motions in the past 12 years), while the Senate seldom uses them. Second, the House has considered only one motion per budget resolution, while the Senate considered five motions on one budget resolution. Finally, the House regards the motion to instruct conferees strictly as a prerogative of the minority party, while the Senate does not.
Date:
August 15, 2001
Creator:
Keith, Robert
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The 0.22 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2001 Appropriations
Report describing changes that affected the government budget for the 2001 fiscal year under the Consolidated Appropriations Act.
Date:
May 31, 2001
Creator:
Keith, Robert
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
How Budget Surpluses Change Federal Debt
This report discusses how budget surpluses change federal debt. The answer involves understanding what drives changes in the two components of total federal debt, debt held by the public (which includes debt held by individuals, pension funds, banks, and insurance companies, among other entities) and debt held by government accounts (almost all in federal trust funds, such as Social Security).
Date:
January 4, 2001
Creator:
Winters, Philip D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Use of Funding Cutoffs Since 1970 Involving U.S. Military Forces and Overseas Deployments
This report provides background information on major instances, since 1970, when Congress has utilized funding cutoffs to compel the withdrawal of United States military forces from overseas military deployments. It also highlights key efforts by Congress to utilize the War Powers Resolution, since its enactment in 1973, to compel the withdrawal of U.S. military forces from foreign deployments. In this review, legislation expressing the “sense of the Congress” regarding U.S. military deployments is not addressed.
Date:
January 10, 2001
Creator:
Grimmett, Richard F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Spending: Statutory and Congressional Rules
Under the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA), there are statutory limits (caps) on the level of federal discretionary spending, enforced by across-the-board spending cuts, known as a sequester. If, however, spending is designated as emergency by both the President and Congress, it will not trigger a sequester, because the caps are adjusted automatically by an amount equal to the emergency spending. Since the BEA was first enacted in 1990, both the House and Senate have supplemented its provisions with additional limitations in their respective rules concerning the use of emergency designations.
Date:
October 3, 2001
Creator:
Saturno, James V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Small Business Innovation Research Program
None
Date:
December 5, 2001
Creator:
Schacht, Wendy H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy, December 3, 2001
This report discusses contribution of technological advancement to economic growth and productivity increases. Because technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases, congressional interest has focused on how to augment private-sector technological development.
Date:
December 3, 2001
Creator:
Schacht, Wendy H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
General Overview of United States Antitrust Law
This Report briefly summarizes (1) the primary United States antitrust statutes, and (2) some of the activities which are generally considered to be violations of those laws. There is also some reference to the prohibition against unfair competition and the “unfairness” jurisdiction of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The laws discussed do not constitute all of the statutes which may be applicable to, or implicated in antitrust issues, but rather, are those which are most often utilized.
Date:
June 18, 2001
Creator:
Rubin, Janice E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Monopoly and Monopolization - Fundamental But Separate Concepts in U.S. Antitrust Law
This report illustrates the difference between the concepts of “monopoly” and “monopolization” by touching on the monopoly/monopolization thinking in the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (DoJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), as illustrated in (1) statements on merger enforcement made by recent antitrust enforcement officials (generally indicative of the agencies’ concerns about competitive conditions and the effect of various market transactions), (2) the 1992 Horizontal Merger Guidelines 2 and (3) some observations on the Government actions against the Microsoft and Intel Corporations.
Date:
August 20, 2001
Creator:
Rubin, Janice E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electronic Signatures: Technology Developments and Legislative Issues
Electronic signatures, a means of verifying the identity of the user of a computer system to control access or authorize a transaction, are increasingly being used in electronic commerce. Several technologies can be used to produce electronic signatures, the most prominent being digital signatures, which use cryptographic techniques to provide data integrity and nonrepudiation. Legislation enacted in the 106th Congress enables the legal recognition of electronic signatures in interstate commerce. Other legislation introduced but not enacted was intended to promote federal agency use of electronic signatures to enable electronic filing of information.
Date:
January 19, 2001
Creator:
Nunno, Richard M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Merger and Antitrust Issues in Agriculture
A sustained period of low farm prices has generated legislative interest in the effect of concentration and consolidation on U.S. agriculture. Questions have been raised about the federal government's role in pursuing cases of unfair competition or violations of antitrust laws. Legislative interest has risen because, while regulations target business practices, important issues associated with concentration and consolidation may not be adequately addressed by existing antitrust laws. Recent reviews by Congress have dealt with issues such as: (1) the adequacy and employment of existing federal antitrust statutes to protect farmers against anti-competitive practices; (2) the extent to which mergers influence farm prices and their impact on farmers and consumers, and (3) the appropriate role of the federal government in regulating agroindustry. This report briefly describes the federal statutes and agencies involved in antitrust regulation and reviews proposals offered in the 106th Congress to restrict mergers in agriculture.
Date:
January 10, 2001
Creator:
Heykoop, Jerry & Segarra, Alejandro E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Small Business Disaster Assistance: Responding to the Terrorist Attacks
None
Date:
November 29, 2001
Creator:
Mulock, Bruce K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Education for the Disadvantaged: ESEA Title I Allocation Formula Provisions
Title I, Part A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) authorizes federal aid to state and local educational agencies (SEAs, LEAs) for the education of disadvantaged children. Title I grants are used to provide supplementary educational and related services to low-achieving children attending schools with relatively high concentrations of pupils from low-income families. Services may be provided at pre-kindergarten through high school levels. Title I has been the anchor of the ESEA since it was first enacted in 1965, and is the largest federal elementary and secondary education assistance program.
Date:
January 8, 2001
Creator:
Riddle, Wayne C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Juvenile Justice Legislation: Overview and the Legislative Debate
None
Date:
November 28, 2001
Creator:
Teasley, David & Cooper, Edith Fairman
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that “Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press. . . .” This language restricts government both more and less than it would if it were applied literally. It restricts government more in that it applies not only to Congress, but to all branches of the federal government, and to all branches of state and local government. It restricts government less in that it provides no protection to some types of speech and only limited protection to others. This report provides an overview of the major exceptions to the First Amendment — of the ways that the Supreme Court has interpreted the guarantee of freedom of speech and press to provide no protection or only limited protection for some types of speech.
Date:
November 5, 2001
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Online Privacy Protection: Issues and Developments
None
Date:
January 11, 2001
Creator:
Stevens, Gina Marie
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library