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HCCI Combustion: Analysis and Experiments
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a new combustion technology that may develop as an alternative to diesel engines with high efficiency and low NOx and particulate matter emissions. This paper describes the HCCI research activities being currently pursued at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and at the University of California Berkeley. Current activities include analysis as well as experimental work. On analysis, we have developed two powerful tools: a single zone model and a multi-zone model. The single zone model has proven very successful in predicting start of combustion and providing reasonable estimates for peak cylinder pressure, indicated efficiency and NOX emissions. This model is being applied to develop detailed engine performance maps and control strategies, and to analyze the problem of engine startability. The multi-zone model is capable of very accurate predictions of the combustion process, including HC and CO emissions. The multi-zone model h as applicability to the optimization of combustion chamber geometry and operating conditions to achieve controlled combustion at high efficiency and low emissions. On experimental work, we have done a thorough evaluation of operating conditions in a 4-cylinder Volkswagen TDI engine. The engine has been operated over a wide range of conditions by adjusting the …
Date:
May 14, 2001
Creator:
Aceves, Salvador M.; Flowers, Daniel L.; Martinez-Frias, Joel; Smith, J. Ray; Dibble, Robert; Au, Michael et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Monitoring the Migrations of Wild Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon Smolts, 1999 Annual Report.
This report details the 1999 results from an ongoing project to monitor the migration behavior of wild spring/summer chinook salmon smolts in the Snake River Basin. The report also discusses trends in the cumulative data collected for this project from Oregon and Idaho streams since 1989.
Date:
June 1, 2001
Creator:
Achord, Stephen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Alabama School Prayer Case: Chandler v. Siegelman
This report considers the events of Chandler v. James in 1997. The case was a federal district court ruling in Alabama holding up a statute to violate the establishment of religion of the First amendment. The Governor attempted to appeal the court's position to both the Supreme Court and the circuit court but was denied.
Date:
June 25, 2001
Creator:
Ackerman, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Education Vouchers: Constitutional Issues and Cases
This report details the constitutional standards that currently apply to indirect aid programs and summarizes all of the pertinent state and federal court decisions, including the Ohio case that will be heard by the Supreme Court. On September 25, 2001, the Supreme Court agreed to review a case raising the controversial issue of the constitutionality of education vouchers. In Zelman v. Simmons-Harris the Sixth Circuit held Ohio’s Pilot Scholarship Program, which provided up to $2500 to help low-income students in Cleveland’s public schools attend private schools in the city, to violate the establishment of religion clause of the First Amendment.
Date:
November 15, 2001
Creator:
Ackerman, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change: Selected Legal Questions About the Kyoto Protocol
This report addresses legal issues after the United States signed the Kyoto Protocol to the UnitedNations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The protocol is not yet in effect internationally and cannot be legally binding on the U.S. unless and until the Senate gives its advice and consent.
Date:
January 10, 2001
Creator:
Ackerman, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change: Selected Legal Questions About the Kyoto Protocol
This report addresses legal issues after the United States signed the Kyoto Protocol to the UnitedNations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The protocol is not yet in effect internationally and cannot be legally binding on the U.S. unless and until the Senate gives its advice and consent.
Date:
March 29, 2001
Creator:
Ackerman, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Response to Terrorism: Legal Aspects of the Use of Military Force
None
Date:
September 13, 2001
Creator:
Ackerman, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solubility of Anthracene in Binary Alcohol + Methyl Acetate Solvent Mixtures at 298.2 K
Article on the solubility of anthracene in binary alcohol + methyl acetate solvent mixtures at 298.2 K.
Date:
May 19, 2001
Creator:
Acree, William E. (William Eugene)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mass Sensor
The purpose of this CRADA was to use Honeywell's experience in low temperature cofire ceramics and traditional ceramics to assemble a relatively low-cost, mass-producible miniature mass analyzer. The specific design, given to us by Mass Sensors, LLC, was used to test for helium. The direct benefit for the participant was to have a prototype unit assembled for the purpose of proof of concept and the ability to secure venture capital investors. From that, the company would begin producing their own product for sale. The consumer/taxpayer benefits come from the wide variety of industries that can utilize this technology to improve quality of life. Medical industry can use this technology to improve diagnostic ability; manufacturing industry can use it for improved air, water, and soil monitoring to minimize pollution; and the law enforcement community can use this technology for identification of substances. These are just a few examples of the benefit of this technology. The benefits to DOE were in the area of process improvement for cofire and ceramic materials. From this project we demonstrated nonlinear thickfilm fine lines and spaces that were 5-mil wide with 5-mil spaces; determined height-to diameter-ratios for punched and filled via holes; demonstrated the ability to …
Date:
January 18, 2001
Creator:
Adams, B.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Type 1 Frequency Doubling at 1064 nm in LaCa40(B03)3 (LaCOB), GdCa40(B03)3(GdCOB), and YCa40(B03)3(YCOB)
We have grown and characterized LaCOB, a new member to the GdCOB family of nonlinear crystals. LaCOB has a d{sub eff} of 0.52 {plus_minus} 0.05 pm/V and an angular sensitivity of 1224 {plus_minus} 184 (cm-rad){sup -1} for type I frequency doubling at 1064 nm. The d{sub {alpha}{beta}{beta}} and d{sub {gamma}{beta}{beta}} coefficients of the nonlinear optical tensor for LaCOB, GdCOB, and YCOB were determined to have values of {vert_bar}0.26 {plus_minus} 0.04{vert_bar} pm/V and |1.69 {plus_minus} 0.17| pm/V, respectively. Results of phase-matching angle measurements at 1064 nm and 1047 nm predict LaCOB to be non-critically phase-matched (NCPM) at 1042 {plus_minus} 1.5 nm. We also estimate the thermal sensitivity of LaCOB to be less than 0.1 (cm- C){sup -1}.
Date:
March 7, 2001
Creator:
Adams, J. J.; Ebbers, C. A.; Schaffers, K. I. & Payne, S. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sulfur Polymer Stabilization/Solidification (Spss) Treatability of Los Alamos National Laboratory Mercury Waste.
Brookhaven National Laboratory's Sulfur Polymer Stabilization/Solidification (SPSS) process was used to treat approximately 90kg of elemental mercury mixed waste from Los Alamos National Laboratory. Treatment was carried out in a series of eight batches using a 1 ft{sup 3} pilot-scale mixer, where mercury loading in each batch was 33.3 weight percent. Although leach performance is currently not regulated for amalgamated elemental mercury (Hg) mixed waste, Toxicity Characteristic Leach Procedure (TCLP) testing of SPSS treated elemental mercury waste indicates that leachability is readily reduced to below the TCLP limit of 200 ppb (regulatory requirement following treatment by retort for wastes containing > 260 ppb Hg), and with process optimization, to levels less than the stringent Universal Treatment Standard (UTS) limit of 25 ppb that is applied to waste containing < 260 ppm Hg. In addition, mercury-contaminated debris, consisting of primary glass and plastic containers, as well as assorted mercury thermometers, switches, and labware, was first reacted with SPSS components to stabilize the mercury contamination, then macroencapsulated in the molten SPSS product. This treatment was done by vigorous agitation of the sulfur polymer powder and the comminuted debris. Larger plastic and metal containers were reacted to stabilize internal mercury contamination, and then …
Date:
November 1, 2001
Creator:
Adams, J. W. & Kalb, P. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Studies of the Transformations of Sulfur Containing Heterocycles by Transition Metal Cluster Compounds. Final Report, June 1, 1995 - October 31, 1999
Report on results of research on the catalytic macrocyclization reactions of thietane and thiolactones by metal carbonyl complexes.
Date:
May 16, 2001
Creator:
Adams, Richard D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Quarterly Progress Report - Biological Monitoring Program for East Fork Poplar Creek
In May 1985, a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit was issued for the Oak Ridge Y-12 National Security Complex (formerly the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant). As a condition of the permit, a Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program (BMAP) was developed to demonstrate that the effluent limitations established for the Y-12 Complex protect the classified uses of the receiving stream (East Fork Poplar Creek; EFPC), in particular, the growth and propagation of aquatic life (Loar et al. 1989). A second objective of the BMAP is to document the ecological effects resulting from the implementation of a water pollution control program designed to eliminate direct discharges of wastewaters to EFPC and to minimize the inadvertent release of pollutants to the environment. Because of the complex nature of the discharges to EFPC and the temporal and spatial variability in the composition of the discharges, a comprehensive, integrated approach to biological monitoring was developed. A new permit was issued to the Y-12 Complex on April 28, 1995 and became effective on July 1, 1995. Biological monitoring continues to be required under the new permit. The BMAP consists of four major tasks that reflect different but complementary approaches to evaluating the effects of …
Date:
January 19, 2001
Creator:
Adams, S. M.; Christensen, S. W.; Greeley, M. S. Jr.; McCracken, M. K.; Peterson, M. J.; Ryon, M. G. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Oral History Interview with Bob Addobate, May 18, 2001
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Bob Addobate. Addobate joined the Navy in June of 1941. Beginning in August, he served as a Signalman Second-Class aboard the USS Solace (AH-5), arriving in Pearl Harbor in October. They were docked in the Harbor when the Japanese attacked. From March to August of 1942 they traveled through the Pacific to Australia, and discharged patients. From August of 1942 through May of 1943, they cared for fleet casualties and servicemen wounded in the island campaigns. From June through August, they operated as a station hospital at Noumea, New Caledonia. In April of 1945, during a typhoon, Addobate had his leg crushed by a crane, which had to be amputated. He returned to the US and was medically discharged in January of 1946.
Date:
May 18, 2001
Creator:
Addobate, Bob
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Bob Addobate, May 18, 2001
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Bob Addobate. Addobate joined the Navy in June of 1941. Beginning in August, he served as a Signalman Second-Class aboard the USS Solace (AH-5), arriving in Pearl Harbor in October. They were docked in the Harbor when the Japanese attacked. From March to August of 1942 they traveled through the Pacific to Australia, and discharged patients. From August of 1942 through May of 1943, they cared for fleet casualties and servicemen wounded in the island campaigns. From June through August, they operated as a station hospital at Noumea, New Caledonia. In April of 1945, during a typhoon, Addobate had his leg crushed by a crane, which had to be amputated. He returned to the US and was medically discharged in January of 1946.
Date:
May 18, 2001
Creator:
Addobate, Bob
Object Type:
Text
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Art Lies, Volume 30, Spring 2001
Journal containing essays, commentaries, and exhibition information regarding Texas artwork and other contemporary art issues.
Date:
2001
Creator:
Adele, Lynne; Smither, Murray & Steen, William
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Development of Attrition Resistant Iron-Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts
The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) reaction provides a way of converting coal-derived synthesis gas (CO+H{sub 2}) to liquid fuels. Since the reaction is highly exothermic, one of the major problems in control of the reaction is heat removal. Recent work has shown that the use of slurry bubble column reactors (SBCRs) can largely solve this problem. The use of iron-based catalysts is attractive not only due to their low cost and ready availability, but also due to their high water-gas shift activity which makes it possible to use these catalysts with low H{sub 2}/CO ratios. However, a serious problem with use of Fe catalysts in a SBCR is their tendency to undergo attrition. This can cause fouling/plugging of downstream filters and equipment, makes the separation of catalyst from the oil/wax product very difficult if not impossible, and results in a steady loss of catalyst from the reactor. Recently, fundamental understanding of physical attrition is being addressed by incorporating suitable binders into the catalyst recipe. This has resulted in the preparation of a spray dried Fe-based catalyst having aps of 70 mm with high attrition resistance. This Fe-based attrition resistant, active and selective catalyst gave 95% CO conversion through 125 hours of testing …
Date:
September 1, 2001
Creator:
Adeyiga, Adeyinka A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Underground Corrosion of Activated Metals in an Arid Vadose Zone Environment
The subsurface radioactive disposal site located at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory contains neutron-activated metals from nonfuel nuclear-reactor- core components. A long-term corrosion test is being conducted to obtain site-specific corrosion rates to support efforts to more accurately estimate the transfer of activated elements in an arid vadose zone environment. The tests use nonradioactive metal coupons representing the prominent neutron-activated material buried at the disposal location, namely, Type 304L stainless steel, Type 315L stainless steel, nickel-chromium alloy (UNS NO7718), beryllium, aluminum 6061-T6, and a zirconium alloy, (UNS R60804). In addition, carbon steel (the material presently used in the cask disposal liners and other disposal containers) and a duplex stainless steel (UNS S32550) (the proposed material for the high- integrity disposal containers) are also included in the test program. This paper briefly describes the test program and presents the early corrosion rate results after 1 year and 3 years of underground exposure.
Date:
October 24, 2001
Creator:
Adler Flitton, M. K.; Mizia, R. E. & Bishop, C. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Erosive wear of selected materials for fossil energy applications
A number of materials have been evaluated to determine their erosion resistance for fossil energy applications. This is part of a larger program to study wear and corrosion at Albany Research Center. This paper will present the results for some of these materials, including FeAl, FeAl cermets, WC-Co cemented carbides, Si3N4-MoSi2, Si3N4, Stellite 6B, white cast irons and 440C steel. Trends in erosion rates due to material properties and erosive conditions will be presented. FeAl cermets performed well compared to the WC-Co cemented carbides. The interparticle spacing of the WC-Co cemented carbides correlated with the erosion rate. The erosion rate of the WC-Co cemented carbides decreased as the interparticle spacing decreased. It is important to realize that erosion resistance is not an intrinsic material property, but is a system response. A change in the wear environment can significantly alter the relative rankings of materials with respect to their wear rate. For example, at relatively low velocities, the carbides in the white cast irons are more erosion resistant than the matrix, while at higher velocities the matrix is more erosion resistant.
Date:
January 1, 2001
Creator:
Adler, Thomas A.; Rawers, James C.; Tylczak, Joseph H. & Hawk, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mid-Atlantic Region Consumer's Guide to Buying a Solar Electric System - Revision
Consumers in Pennsylvania, Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, the District of Columbia, West Virginia, and New Jersey are showing increased interest in solar electric systems for their homes and businesses. This booklet provides basic information about buying a PV system. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are reliable, pollution free, and use a renewable source of energy--the sun. A PV system can be a substantial investment and careful planning will help ensure that you make the right decisions.
Date:
June 19, 2001
Creator:
Administration, Maryland Energy
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A New Dynamical Diffraction-Based Technique of the Residual Stress Measurements in Thin Films
The recently discovered dynamical diffraction effect ''neutron camel'' was used for the residual stress measurements in a thick Si(111) crystal coated with a 2000 {angstrom} thick Ni film. The observed asymmetry of the back-face rocking curve corresponds to the bending radius of {approx} 19 km and the tension force applied to the Ni film is {approx} 90 N/m. Relative deformation of the Si crystallographic cells in the vicinity of diffractive surfaces is |{partial_derivative}u{sub z}/{partial_derivative}z| {approx} 1.6 x 10{sup -6}.
Date:
July 26, 2001
Creator:
Agamalian, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An integrated solution for secure group communication in wide-area networks
Many distributed applications require a secure reliable group communication system to provide coordination among the application components. This paper describes a secure group layer (SGL) which bundles a reliable group communication system, a group authorization and access control mechanism, and a group key agreement protocol to provide a comprehensive and practical secure group communication platform. SGL also encapsulates the standard message security services (i.e, confidentiality, authenticity and integrity). A number of challenging issues encountered in the design of SGL are brought to light and experimental results obtained with a prototype implementation are discussed.
Date:
April 1, 2001
Creator:
Agarwal, Deborah A.; Chevassut, Olivier; Thompson, Mary & Tsudik, Gene
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Network aware distributed applications
Most distributed applications today manage to utilize only a small percentage of the needed and available network bandwidth. Often application developers are not aware of the potential bandwidth of the network, and therefore do not know what to expect. Even when application developers are aware of the specifications of the machines and network links, they have few resources that can help determine why the expected performance was not achieved. What is needed is a ubiquitous and easy-to-use service that provides reliable, accurate, secure, and timely estimates of dynamic network properties. This service will help advise applications on how to make use of the network's increasing bandwidth and capabilities for traffic shaping and engineering. When fully implemented, this service will make building currently unrealizable levels of network awareness into distributed applications a relatively mundane task. For example, a remote data visualization application could choose between sending a wireframe, a pre-rendered image, or a 3-D representation, based on forecasts of CPU availability and power, compression options, and available bandwidth. The same service will provide on-demand performance information so that applications can compare predicted with actual results, and allow detailed queries about the end-to-end path for application and network tuning and debugging.
Date:
February 4, 2001
Creator:
Agarwal, Deborah; Tierney, Brian L.; Gunter, Dan; Lee, Jason & Johnston, William
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final progress report on Grant No. DE-FG02-81ER10229, U.S. Department of Energy Reactor Sharing Program at the University of Wisconsin, July 15, 2000 - May 31, 2001
The Reactor Sharing Program makes the facilities of the University of Wisconsin Nuclear Reactor Laboratory available to other educational institutions. Uses include direct instruction, student theses projects, and staff research projects. A list of using institutions and a brief description of use is given.
Date:
December 27, 2001
Creator:
Agasie, Robert J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library